Ezona Iindlela kunye namaqhinga okuqhuba izikhonkwane enkuni

Ukuqhuba izikhonkwane ngowona msebenzi uqhelekileyo kwaye ubonakala ulula. Ewe, lo msebenzi nawo uneempawu zawo.

Ukuthintela njani ukuba iinkuni zingaqhekeki

Ngokomzekelo, isikhonkwane esinqunyulwe okanye “i-blunt” ithiphu ayibangeli ukuqhekeka okanye ukunweba imicu yomthi, kodwa iyayinqumla, ikrazule (umfanekiso1, inxalenye1). Iibhodi ezibhityileyo ezithanda ukuqhekeka ziqatywe ngezi zikhonkwane. Le yeyona ndlela ilula yokubethelela isikhonkwane ngaphandle kokuqhekeza iinkuni.

Ukuba izikhonkwane ezininzi ziza kumqolo omnye, nikela ingqalelo yokuba azikho kumgca omnye, kuba ukubethelela izikhonkwane kumqolo omnye wemicu kunokubangela ukuba ukhuni luqhekeke. Izikhonkwane kufuneka zibethelwe kwi-“zig-zag” okanye kwimiqolo emithathu (umfanekiso 1, inxalenye 2).

Xa udibanisa iinkuni ezimbini, kufuneka ukwazi kwakhona ukuba sinako “ukuqinisa” amaqhekeza omnye komnye ngezikhonkwane eziqhutywe ngediagonally. Ukubetha izikhonkwane, ngamanye amaxesha kwicala elinye, ngamanye amaxesha kwelinye icala, kuthintela ukunyakaza okufanayo kweengcezu (umfanekiso 1, inxalenye 3).

Umfanekiso 1: Ukwenza buthuntu incam, ukubekwa kunye necala lezikhonkwane kunye nokuxhasa ibhodi.

Inkxaso yebhodi kunye nesalathiso sokudubula

Xa uqhuba izikhonkwane, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuxhasa icala elichaseneyo lento (ukubamba i-counter). Ukuba ibhodi ibanjwe ngesandla okanye ixhaswe kude nendawo yokukhwela ngexesha lokukhwela, i-flexible elastically - inika indlela kwimpembelelo. Isikhonkwane esibethelelwe ngolu hlobo sithande ukugoba kwaye kunzima ukusiqhuba. Ukuba sibethelela isikhonkwane kwiibhodi ezimbini, aziyi kutsalwa ngokwaneleyo omnye komnye ngesikhonkwane (umfanekiso 1, inxalenye 4).

Isixhobo esilungileyo sokuxhasa xa uqhuba izikhonkwane yihamile, ekufuneka ibe nzima ngokuphindwe kathathu kunesando esisetyenziselwa ukubethelela izikhonkwane. Ukuxhaswa kufuneka kuqhutywe kwindawo enkulu, kungekhona kwindawo enye yebhodi, kwaye ngokusondeleyo ngokunokwenzeka kwindawo ye-riveting. Ukuba incam yesikhonkwane ayingeni ebhodini, ke inkxaso kufuneka yenziwe ngokuthe ngqo phantsi kwesikhonkwane.

Ukuba siqhubela izikhonkwane ezininzi kwaye sifuna ukunqanda ukukhulula izikhonkwane esele ziqhutyelwe phezu kwempembelelo, ngoko ke incam yesikhonkwane esiqhutywayo kufuneka igobe kwi-angle ye-engile.30-45° ngokubetha indawo engezantsi yesikhonkwane ngenxalenye ebukhali yehamile.

Kufuneka siqalise ukubethelela izikhonkwane ngemivumbo yefanitshala ekhanyayo (Fig2, inxalenye1) ukubetha esihlahleni, ngelixa ubambe ihamile kancinci ngaphezulu kwesiphelo somqheba. Emva kokubetha kokuqala okubuthathaka, sinokulawula ukuba isikhonkwane sihamba ngendlela oyifunayo. Kuphela ngokubetha okuqhelekileyo kwintloko yesikhonkwane sinokuthemba ukuba isikhonkwane siya kuhamba ngokuthe ngqo kwizinto eziphathekayo ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.

Impazamo eqhelekileyo yabaqalayo kukuba isalathiso sokuhamba kwesando kunye ne-axis yesikhonkwane ayihambelani. Ukuba isikhonkwane sihamba ngendlela engafanelekanga kwaye asizange sigobe, sinokuyiqondisa ngamathontsi amancinci kwindawo yokungena kwizinto eziphathekayo.

Umqali ongenamava akafanele asebenze ngezikhonkwane ezisetyenzisiweyo, ezichanekileyo. Naluphi na ugcino luyancomeka, kodwa kule meko alukhokeleli kwinjongo.

Xa ukubethelwa kokuqala kwisikhonkwane kuphumelele, sinokuqhubekela phambili kwi-riveting, apho kufuneka sibambe ihamile kufuphi nesiphelo sesiphatho kunye nendawo ethe nkqo yendawo ephezulu yencam, sibetha ukusuka kwingqiniba, siyiphakamisa ukuya malunga.45°. Kuluncedo ukulinganisa umgama wengqiniba ukusuka entloko yesikhonkwane. Ngale ndlela, kufuneka sigcine kuphela ulwalathiso lwehamile kwaye umgama ochanekileyo uza ngokwawo.

Kubalulekile ukulinganisa ukubetha kokugqibela xa umgama phakathi kwentloko yesikhonkwane kunye nebhodi usemkhulu, ngoko ngokubetha kokugqibela siqhubela intloko yesikhonkwane ebhodini ngokunjalo (umfanekiso2, inxalenye1/a). Ukuba kuphela inxalenye encinci yesikhonkwane iyaphuma, umqali ongenamava uya kuwonakalisa umphezulu womthi ngokubetha ngasemva.

Ukugoba incam yesikhonkwane kunye nokukhusela iminwe

Ukugoba incam yesikhonkwane ephuma kwelinye icala lebhodi, ifayile ye-triangular ingasetyenziselwa, ngenye indlela engasenamsebenzi. Ngelo xesha, inxalenye yesikhonkwane esigobileyo kufuneka ibe1,2-2amaxesha ubude kunobude becala elinye lefayile engunxantathu.

Sifaka ifayile kwicala lesikhonkwane kunye neengqungquthela ezincinci zesando, kwakhona ukusuka kwicala, sibethe isiphelo sesikhonkwane kwifayile. Incam yesikhonkwane ke “isongwa” ngaphaya komda ongaphezulu wefayile. Ihuku efunyenwe ngolu hlobo ibethelelwa phezulu kwisikhonkwane ngemivumbo emibini okanye emithathu yehamile ebhodini (Fig2, inxalenye2).

Abo boyika iminwe yabo kufuneka basebenzise izikhonkwane zezikhonkwane - oku akwenziwanga kuphela ngabo bangazange benze intyatyambo emfusa-eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwincam yomnwe wabo, ngokubetha ngengozi kwesando. Ngenxa yale njongo, iipliers ezisicaba zinokusebenza kakuhle kakhulu (Fig2, inxalenye3), apho isikhonkwane esisisigxina sinokubethelwa ngokulula, ngaphandle kokwesaba ukubetha umnwe wakho.

*Umfanekiso2: Ukuqhuba, ukugoba nokukhupha izikhonkwane.

Ukukhupha izikhonkwane

Ubugcisa ngokuqhelekileyo abuqali ngokuhlanganisa isakhiwo kwizinto ezintsha, kodwa ngokudiliza isakhiwo esidala ukuze kufumaneke imathiriyeli yomsebenzi omtsha. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ukususwa kwezikhonkwane ezibethelweyo kuhambelana nalo msebenzi.

Umsebenzi wokuqala wolula incam yesikhonkwane. Kulo msebenzi, isixhobo esifana ne-screwdriver esinesiphelo esigobileyo kufuneka senziwe, apho isiphelo esigobileyo sesikhonkwane sinokuqhutyelwa ngomonakalo omncinci kumthi. Akufanelekanga ukubetha phezulu kwesikhonkwane kude kube yinto echanekileyo, njengoko oko kuya kugoba nje. Noko ke, xa sele siyilungisile ngokupheleleyo, ngokubetha ihamile ngokufutshane kumphezulu wesikhonkwane, sinokuyishukumisa kangangokuba inokususwa kwelinye icala phantsi kwentloko ngeepliers, okanye isixhobo sokususa izikhonkwane. I-screwdriver echazwe ngaphambili echazwe ngaphambili inokusebenza njengesixhobo sokususa izikhonkwane, ukwenzela ukuba i-tip ifakwe kwimo yeleta “V” (umfanekiso 2, inxalenye 4).

Sebenzisa isixhobo sokususa izikhonkwane njenge-lever, ukwenzela ukuba isiphelo esisezantsi, esinqunywe kwimilo yeleta V, sityhalwe phantsi kwentloko yesikhonkwane. Vumela indawo esezantsi egobileyo yesixhobo iphumle phezu kweplanga, kwaye kwangaxeshanye ucinezele isiphelo eside ngesiphatho sisezantsi.

Masikhankanye imithetho emibini ebalulekileyo: I-V cut kufuneka igubungele i-shaft ye-nail ngokusemandleni, ukwenzela ukuba inxalenye engezantsi ye-lever ibe mfutshane ngokusemandleni. Beka i-pad (eyenziwe ngetsimbi okanye umthi) phantsi kwe “elbow” yesixhobo, ukuze ungonakalisi ubuso bomthi. Xa isikhonkwane siqala, kancinci kancinci sonyusa ubukhulu bepadi, ukuze sisebenzise awona mandla alungileyo okutsala.

Iipliers eziqhelekileyo nazo zingasetyenziselwa ukususa izikhonkwane (umfanekiso 2, inxalenye 5). Kungcono ukusebenzisa i-pliers njenge “lever” kunokutsalela isikhonkwane emzimbeni. Isikhonkwane esikhululwe okomzuzwana ngenxa yeclinching kwaye kunye nayo iipliers zibhabha ngamandla amakhulu kwaye zinokubangela ingozi. Ngokukodwa, kufuneka silumke singabetheli isikhonkwane entloko.

Iintlobo ezisisiseko kunye nokuphawulwa kwezikhonkwane

Ukongeza ekwazini izikhonkwane ngokweenkcukacha kwenye indawo, apha siza kubonisa ezona ntlobo zibalulekileyo zezikhonkwane. Ezi zezi: isikhonkwane esinentloko ye-countersunk encinci (yeevili zokhuni), isikhonkwane esaziwayo esinentloko ethe tyaba, isikhonkwane esinesiqingatha esinentloko ejikelezayo kunye nesikhonkwane esinesiphatho esichazwe kumacala omabini (esetyenziselwa ukukhusela i-knob ekuweni, umfanekiso 3).

Umfanekiso 3: Ezona ntlobo zibalulekileyo zezikhonkwane kunye nomzekelo wophawu lwedimension.

Uphawu oluqhelekileyo lwazo zonke izikhonkwane kukuba imilinganiselo yazo inikwe ngendlela yokuphindaphinda, umz. 25×25. Inombolo yokuqala ibonisa ububanzi be-nail shaft kwishumi le-millimeter, kwaye inombolo yesibini ibonisa ubude be-shaft kwiimilimitha. I-designation esetyenzisiweyo ibonisa isikhonkwane sobukhulu 2,5 mm (okt 25 izishumi ze-millimeter) kunye 2,5 cm ubude (25 mm). Izikhonkwane ezinde zidla ngokuba ngqindilili.

Ukukhangela iqhekeza lesikhonkwane kwivenkile ekhethekileyo kuthetha ukungcatsha ukungabi nalwazi kwakho. Oko kukuthi, izikhonkwane zithengiswa ngekhilogram. Ngolwazi, sinika ubunzima bezikhonkwane ukusuka kumaqhekeza 1000, okt ukupakishwa:

Ubunzima bezikhonkwane zentloko etshoniweyo abuhlukanga kangako kobezikhonkwane ezisicaba, ngelixa iinzipho zentloko engqukuva nesiqingatha somnyango zikhaphukhaphu kancinci.

Ngaphambi kokuba siqhelane nokudibanisa izinto kwizakhiwo zokuchwela kunye nokuchwela, kuyimfuneko ukuba siqhelane ngakumbi nenye yezona zinto zisetyenziswa kakhulu - isikhonkwane. Sinayo ezandleni zethu phantse yonke imihla, umz. xa udibanisa imifanekiso eludongeni, upholstering, ukufaka izitshixo, izixhobo, njl. Kubalulekile ukuba sithenge izikhonkwane ezifanelekileyo kwizinto ezithile zomsebenzi othile.

Ukuze wenze ukhetho olufanelekileyo, kuyimfuneko ukwazi igama lokurhweba, imilinganiselo kunye neentlobo zezipikili. Imilinganiselo kunye nezinto zokwenza izikhonkwane zinikezelwa ngokwemigangatho.

Ikhathalogu encinci yezikhonkwane

*Umfanekiso4: Ikhathalogu encinci yezikhonkwane.

1. Isikhonkwane esinentloko esicaba sinentloko enqatyisiweyo ngobukhulu ukuze ihamile ingatyibiliki xa uqhuba. Ingasetyenziselwa zonke izinto zokhuni, ngokukodwa kwiibhodi ze-riveting, ii-slats (amatyala, amashalofu).

2. I-Nail Countersunk Head Nail inentloko encinci kune-flat head nail, i-cylindrical kancinane (ifana nentloko ye-pin). Ilungele kakhulu umsebenzi wokuchwela (ifenitshala, i-pathos, njl.), Kuba intloko yayo iphinda ingene kwizinto eziphathekayo, ngoko ke umcwangcisi unokuslayida phezu kwayo.

3. Isikhonkwane sephepha lodonga sikholisa ukuba ngwevu okanye intsimbi-blue ngombala. Isetyenziselwa ukubopha amalaphu kwi-upholstery.

4. **I-decorative wallpapering nail ** isetyenziselwa ukuhombisa imiphetho kunye nemiphetho yelaphu. Ithengiswa ngemibala emine: i-nickel, i-yellow, i-oxide ebomvu kunye nomnyama.

5. Isikhonkwane sokutshixa senziwe ukuya kubude be20 mmenentloko engathi-ngumjikelo. Njengoko igama layo libonisa, isetyenziselwa ukuqinisa izitshixo kwiifestile, iingcango, iidesika, iikhabhinethi, njl.

6. Isikhonkwane sokubopha sinesiqu esineqhina sokubambelela ngcono. Isetyenziselwa ukubethelela ukuqiniswa kwekona kwiifestile kunye neereyili kwimida. Ayibambeki emva kokuchwetheza, kuba inentloko ebuyileyo.

7. Isikhonkwane esimilise u-U. Ukumakishwa kwemilinganiselo kuyafana nakwezinye iindidi zezikhonkwane (umz. 18×18), ngaphandle kokuba inani lesibini apha libonisa ubude bebonke bezingalo zombini. Isetyenziselwa ukuqhoboshela imithombo yamanzi kunye neengcingo emthini.

8. Isikhonkwane sestucco iveliswa ngokobukhulu 2×30. Ukongeza ekusetyenzisweni kokutyatyekwa, ikwasetyenziselwa ukuqinisa okwethutyana iingcingo ezibhityileyo kunye neepleyiti.

9. I Isikhonkwane seHook sinehuku esicaba kunye nesikwere shaft. Kuyimfuneko ukuxhoma izinto ezahlukeneyo ezinje: izibuko, imifanekiso, iishelufu, njl.njl.

10. Izikhonkwane Zomfanekiso Wentsimbi yenye yezikhonkwane ezithile. Inentloko esicaba, engqukuva enokugqunywa ngekepusi yobhedu. Isenokubethelelwa eludongeni lwezitena.

11. Isikhonkwane somenzi wezihlangu. Kwesi sikhonkwane, ngumlinganiselo wobude kuphela 8–12 mm onikiweyo. Isetyenziselwa ikakhulu kwishishini, kodwa kuyafuneka nokulungiswa kwezihlangu. Ifanelekile ukukhupha izinto ezincinci.

12. Isikhonkwane esimenyezelayo licwecwe lesinyithi elingunxantathu. Isetyenziselwa ukukhenkceza iifestile, iingcango kunye nemifanekiso enezakhelo zokhuni. Imela yokubeka inokutsalwa ngokulula phezu kwayo (umfanekiso 4).

iinzipho zokhuni okanye izikrufu

Ukusetyenziswa kwezikhonkwane kunobuninzi bezinto ezingathandekiyo: kufuna ulwazi lwengcali xa u-hammering, xa ususa izikhonkwane, ukhuni lonakaliswe, xa usomisa ukhuni, isikhonkwane sikhulula. Ngoko ke kungcono ukusebenzisa izikrufu zomthi.

Izihloko ezinxulumeneyo: iziphene zomthi, iifestile zomthi kunye neengcango.