Umgangatho womthi umiselwa bubukho okanye ukungabikho kweziphene, ezithi kwiimeko ezininzi zithobe amandla awo okanye zibe mandundu inkangeleko yawo yangaphandle.
Nodes
Kumthi osikiweyo, umntu udibana namaqhina asempilweni adityaniswe nemithi, esempilweni, edityaniswe ngokuyinxenye neplanga, kunye nalawo angazange adibane nawo - aqhagamshelwe, amaqhuqhuva akroliweyo aphuma ngokulula (ifoto 4). Amaqhina sisiphene esisisiseko esimisela umgangatho weentlobo zemithi kunye neemveliso, njengoko ziphazamisa ukufana kweenkuni, zenza kube nzima ukucubungula kunye nokunciphisa amandla awo.
Xa kukho amaqhina emthini, ukunciphisa amandla ayo kuxhomekeke kwinqanaba lokubola kweqhina, ubungakanani bayo kunye nendawo apho ikhoyo. Ngaloo ndlela, umzekelo, amaqhina abekwe kwindawo yoxinzelelo kunye nemida yeeplanga zesilingi zichaphazela kakhulu amandla abo okuthwala. Kufuneka kungabikho iindawo ezinobubanzi obungaphezulu kuno-10 mm.
Kumaplanga asarhayo, iinkuni zibuthathaka kakhulu kwiindawo apho kukho amaqhina - amaqhina afileyo namakhulu adityanisiweyo. Amaqhina adityaniswe ngokuyinxenye, kwaye ngakumbi lawo angadityaniswanga kwaphela, aphazamisa imfezeko yezinto kwaye athobe umgangatho womthi nangaphezulu kunasempilweni, amaqhina adityanisiweyo.
*Umfanekiso4: IiNodes - a) enempilo, enzima, edibeneyo; b) engadityaniswanga okanye engadityaniswanga; c) ukuyeka isikolo; d) iimpondo; e) ukujija; f) iqhina - ukuminxa.
Imibala engaqhelekanga kunye nokubola
Imibala engaqhelekanga kunye nokubola ihlukaniswe ngaphakathi nangaphandle.
Ipeyinti yangaphakathi kunye nokubola
Imibala yangaphakathi kunye nokubola (umfanekiso 5) ibonakala ngexesha lobomi bomthi embindini womthi ovuthiweyo okanye embindini womthi. Njengomthetho, zibangelwa yifungi etshabalalisa iinkuni. Izinambuzane zomngundo zifikelela ngaphakathi komthi ngamasebe aphukileyo kunye nokwenzakala emthini nasemithanjeni.
Umfanekiso 5: Rot on pine.
Umsebenzi wobomi bomngundo uyeka kumthi osikiweyo weentlobo ze-coniferous kunye namagqabi abanzi. Kwimithi yeentlobo ezivuthulukayo (ngaphandle kondoqo), ukukhula komngundo kunokuqhubeka nakwimithi esikiweyo.
Ubomvu obungaphakathi, ukubonwa kunye nengundoqo yobuxoki ayinayo impembelelo enkulu ekutshintsheni kwamandla omthi. Ukubola kwangaphakathi, okubangelwa ngumngundo, kutshabalalisa iinkuni kwaye zenze ukuba zingakulungeli ukusetyenziswa kulwakhiwo.
Ipeyinti yangaphandle kunye nokubola
Imibala yangaphandle kunye nokubola kubonakala kwiplanga elisikiweyo ngelixa kukho ukufuma okwaneleyo kuwo. Ngexesha lokumisa okwenziweyo, zonke iintsholongwane zokungunda ezibangela imibala yangaphandle kunye nokubola ziyafa.
Imibala yangaphandle kunye nokubola kubandakanya ukubola okutyheli, umhlwa, imivimbo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka-mnyama, amabala amnyama, ukugruzuka kunye nokungunda. Ziyonakalisa imbonakalo yangaphandle, kodwa zinciphisa kancinci iipropathi zomatshini zokhuni. I-Sapwood ibola, i-pox rot kunye ne-peripheral soft rot zitshabalalisa iinkuni. Ezinye iziphene zomthi ziboniswe emfanekisweni 6.
Umthi owosulelwe ngumngundo wendalo ulahlekelwa yimisebenzi yawo kwaye, njengomthombo wosulelo lwamaplanga asempilweni kwiindawo zokugcina iimpahla kunye neendawo zokwakha, kufuneka zitshiswe.
Umfanekiso 6: Ukubola kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zomthi okubangelwa kukungunda okutshabalalisa iinkuni - a) ukungunda; b) ukugruzuka; c) uburhabaxa; d) ukubola komthi.
IiNgqondo
Ngokwexesha apho bavela khona kunye nohlobo lokulimala, ukuqhekeka kwahlulwa zibe yimichiza yokhuni olukhulayo, olubandakanya ukutsha, ukujikeleza kunye nokuqhekeka kwiqhwa, kunye nokuqhekeka ngenxa yoxinzelelo, okubangelwa ukomisa iinkuni. Iintanda zonakalisa ingqibelelo yomthi (umfanekiso 7).
Umfanekiso 7: Ukuqhekeka kwemvelaphi yomatshini - a) ukutsha; b) ukuba nobubele kokusingqongileyo; c) iintanda ngenxa yokomisa kunye nobunzima kwisiqwenga esijikelezayo; d) iintanda ngenxa yobunzima beebhodi.
Iimpazamo kwimilo kunye nesakhiwo somthi
iimpazamo zemilo yomthi
Iimpazamo kubume bomthi ziquka ukugoba, ukugoba, ukugoba kunye nentliziyo engaphakathi. Olu hlobo lwempazamo lunciphisa ipesenti yokusetyenziswa kwezinto.
Iimpazamo kwisakhiwo somthi
Iziphene kwisakhiwo somthi - i-strand twist, i-fiber flow irregularity, i-grain line irregularity, i-sapwood ephindwe kabini yangaphakathi, intliziyo ephindwe kabini, kunye nentliziyo yobuxoki - inxulumene nesakhiwo somthi esingaqhelekanga.
I-twisting, i-irregularity ye-fiber flow kunye nokungahambi kakuhle komgca weenkozo kunciphisa iimpawu zomatshini zomthi.
Ubunzima bomthamo, ubunzima kunye nobunzima bomthi ojijekileyo buphezulu kunomthi ophilileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ekubeni ukhuni olunepesenti encinci ye-twist inxalenye alubonakali utshintsho oluphawulekayo kwiimpawu ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo xa kuthelekiswa nomthi oqhelekileyo, uvumelekile ukuba usetyenziswe ekwakhiweni kunye nezithintelo ezithile. Ukujija okuphezulu kwehlisa umgangatho wee-assortments ezinkulu. I-sapwood ephindwe kabini ye-oki kulwakhiwo olusemgangathweni ikwathoba umgangatho.
Intliziyo yoMthi
Intliziyo yomthi ibangela ukuchaphaza kwamaplanga asarhayo ngexesha lokoma kwawo kwaye wonakalise umgangatho wawo. Ngokwakhiwa okujikelezayo, indawo yentliziyo ayithathwa njengesiphoso. Intliziyo ephindwe kabini iyenza ibe mandundu umgangatho wokwakha okujikelezayo. Intliziyo ye-eccentric ikholisa ukunciphisa ngokubonakalayo iimpawu zomatshini zomthi, ezithi kwezo meko zifaneleke kudidi oluphantsi, ukuya kutsho kwiinkuni.
Amanxeba, amanxeba kunye neziphene
Amanxeba liqela leziphene ezibandakanya ukulimala komatshini, izibazi, ukomisa inxalenye kunye nokuguqulwa kwamanxeba. Ukwenzakala ngoomatshini kunokunciphisa ixabiso lomthi kwaye kube negalelo ekubeni iinkuni zosulelwe ngumngundo ngexesha lokukhula kwazo, kunye nokosulela iinkuni ezingqukuva ngexesha lokuzigcina.
Izikrweqe kunye nokomisa inxalenye kuwonakalisa umgangatho, yonakalisa ingqibelelo yomthi kwaye kubangele ukujika kweeleya zonyaka.
Izithintelo zomhlaza ngandlel’ ithile zenza zibe mandundu ngakumbi iimpawu zoomatshini kwaye zehlise umgangatho womthi.
Ukukhutshwa okungaqhelekanga
Ukufakwa, itela kunye neengxowa zentlaka nazo ziwohloka umgangatho wokhuni.
Ukukhetha iinkuni kwiifestile kunye neengcango
Uvavanyo olululo lwemathiriyeli yenye yezihloko ezinxulumene nokwenza iifestile zomthi, iifestile zomthi-aluminiyam kunye nomnyango. Ngeprojekthi ethile kunye nemilinganiselo efunekayo, thumela isicelo sekowuti.