Chiziviso Chakakosha Chekuchengetedza: Ichi chinyorwa chedzidzo chakachengetwa kubva ku 2017. gore, uye kwete purojekiti kana murairo wemazuva ano wekuvaka yakazvimirira. Kuchera, matope, kuchengetedza masvingo, nzira dzekufamba, matanho uye madziva zvinogona kukanganisa kugadzikana kwevhu uye chivako uye kutakura njodzi yekudonha, kuvigwa, kukuvara uye kunyura. Kuiswa muvhu, dhiraivha, kusimbisa, kuchengetedza kwevana uye kuwanikwa kunofanirwa kugadziriswa maererano nemirairo inoshanda uye mamiriro enzvimbo chaiyo. Kuronga uye kuita kunofanirwa kupihwa kune vagadziri vanokwanisa uye makondirakiti. Mapikicha nemifananidzo zvinoratidzira uye hazvimiriri mapurojekiti akasimbiswa eSavo Kusić.
Kuumbwa kwevhu, nzira dzebindu, masitepisi, madziro ekuchengetedza uye madziva hazvisi chikamu chekupihwa kweruzhinji nekambani. Ikozvino kutariswa kwekugadzira kunosanganisira mahwindo emapuranga, wood-aluminium Mahwindo uye magonhi etsika Kune rimwe hwindo kana purojekiti yemusuwo, unogona kutumira chikumbiro chekotesheni
Kuronga kushandiswa kwevhu
Usati waronga ivhu rakatenderedza imba yemhuri kana kombi, chinangwa chenzvimbo yacho chinofanirwa kutariswa uye kukura, kurerukirwa, nzvimbo, kunaka kwevhu uye kubatana nenharaunda zvinofanirwa kuverengerwa.
Manyoro ekutanga anoratidza kuti nzvimbo iripo ngaigoverwe zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa nemhuri: yebindu, bindu remuriwo, maruva, kufamba nekuzorora. Zvinangwa izvozvo hazvidi kuti zvinyatsoparadzaniswa. Bindu rinogona kuita basa rehupfumi, asi panguva imwechete rinoramba riri chikamu chinopindirana chenzvimbo yekugara iyo inofanirwa kufadza kugara mairi.
Kuyera nzvimbo usati waita chirongwa.
Nzira uye maitiro ekuyera
Nekuda kwechirongwa chekugadzira, zvinodikanwa kuziva saizi, chinzvimbo uye mamiriro epamusoro. Tsime inotaura kuti hurongwa hwemamiriro ezvinhu hunoratidza ratidziro yakatwasuka yezviyero chaizvo, saka pane nzvimbo dzakatenuka, musiyano unowedzera nekona yekurerekera unofanirwa kuverengerwa.
Tepi yekuyeresa, mbariro mbiri dzekuyeresa dzakareba 2 m dzakakamurwa kuita 10 cm, mabhodhi maviri ekudhirowa patripodhi uye maviri maprotractor akanyorwa semidziyo yekuyeresa yekare. Pamudziyo unobatwa nemaoko wemakona, murairi mukuru wetriangular we 45°, celluloid protractor, rurimi runofambiswa uye uremu hwe lead zvinotsanangurwa.
- Archive kudhirowa1— midziyo yekuyeresa inobatwa nemaoko.
Kune makona akachinjika, bhodhi rekudhirowa rinoiswa rakachinjika, mafambiro anoendeswa kune bepa, uye anozobuda makona matatu anoyerwa, anokweverwa pachiyero uye anoshandiswa pakuverenga nzvimbo. Land arc miganhu inogona kukamurwa kuita zvikamu zvakananga.
- Archive kudhirowa2- kuyerwa kwenzvimbo yevhu.
Mumaitirwo ekutanga, kutenuka kunotariswa uchishandisa matanda maviri ekuyeresa: nhambwe yakachinjika uye musiyano wehurefu unoyerwa, uyezve kutenuka kunoverengerwa muzana. A flat board rinotaurwa serubatsiro rwekukurumidza pamateru.
Hurefu uye nhambwe dzakaoma-kusvika-zvinogona kutariswa nekuvakwa kubva kumakona akayerwa. Kuti uwane kona yakarurama pasina protractor, zvinyorwa zvinotaura hukama hwekirasi3-4-5: yekutanga ndiyo4 m, uye ma arcs eradius anotorwa kubva kumagumo ayo5 muye3 m.
- Archive kudhirowa3- kuyerwa kwehurefu uye kutenuka.
Kugadzirwa kwemateru uye kuumbwa kwemateru
Mushure mezviyero uye chirongwa, nzvimbo yacho yakarongwa. Vavariro ingava yekuwana nzvimbo yakakura yakati sandara kana kushandura materu kuva maturu. Kwarinobva kunokurudzira kuumba materu akananga kudivi remateru kuitira kufamba kushoma kwechinhu.
Sezviyero zvemitsetse yakajairika, 1:2 uye 1:1 zvinotsanangurwa, uye nekuchengetedzwa kwakakodzera, 2:1. Nekuda kwekuderera kunotevera, imwe yakakura zvishoma yekutanga ebankment inotaurwa. Muchinyorwa, kutenuka kunodzivirirwa kubva pakusukwa nemasodhi, uye kubva pakutsvedza nemasiteki. Kubvisa sod, dota rakagadziridzwa rinotsanangurwa rinogadzira zvidimbu zvinenge 30 × 30 cm.
Chengetedza kudhirowa 4 — kubvisa nekuisa sod.
Pakutenuka kwakasununguka, kwanobva kunodudza matombo makuru kuzasi uye madiki kumusoro. Matombo anoiswa pamubhedha wakagadzirirwa, pasina kumanikidzirwa; kana kurova kuchidiwa, sando yedanda inotsanangurwa.
Pamateru anopfuura 45°, mavara anoyambira nezve zvingangodiwa zvemudhuri unoramba uripo panheyo yakasimba inotsigira. Muchiitiko che drywall, semutungamiri wezvakaitika kare, hupamhi hwechigadziko hwakaenzana nehafu yehupamhi hwemadziro, asi hupamhi hwechikamu chepamusoro chikamu chechishanu chehupamhi hwechigadziko. Mabhuroko anofanirwa kugadzikana uye asina matombo akaiswa zvisina tsarukano.
Madziro ekongiri nematombo akasungwa nedhaka anoda mvura. Nzvimbo yacho inotsanangura chiteshi chiri pamusoro pemateru uye maburi ega ega 1–2 m mumadziro akasimba. Pasina mvura yakakwana, mvura inogona kukanganisa rusvingo. Pamicheto yemateru, makwenzi akaderera nehuswa zvakataurwa kuitira kuwedzera kudzivirira kwevhu.
Dhivha kudhirowa 5 — mienzaniso yekuchengeta mvura yemudhuri.
Matero anofanira kunonoka kuyerera kwemvura mushure mekunaya uye kuchengetedza mvura yakawanda yezvirimwa. Kwabva kunopa zano mabhandi euswa kudivi rekukokorodza, materu akapfava uye machenero ari kumucheto kwemateru.
Nzira dzebindu
Nzira dzinogona kushandiswa nevanofamba netsoka kana mota, saka nzvimbo yavo nekupedza zvinosiyana zvichienderana nemutoro. Panzira dzetsoka, kunobva kwataura hupamhi kubva 40 kusvika 100 cm; pahupamhi hwe 100 cm vanhu vaviri vanogona kupfuura. Chifukidziro chekupedzisira hachifanirwe kuramba chichienderera, saka uswa hunogona kuramba huri pakati pemahwendefa.
Kuvaka kunotanga nekutsvaga nzvimbo yechigadziko, mupendero uye mutsara. Nzira yacho inofanira kuva yakafara kudarika yapera. Mipendero muzvinyorwa inogadzirwa nekrete, dombo, zvidhinha kana zvirimwa. Kune nzira dzengoro, iyo substratum inotaurwa chete mumigwagwa iyo mavhiri anopfuura, nepo yepakati inogona kuzadzwa nematombo kana slag. Pamusoro panofanira kupedza mvura.
Chengetedza kudhirowa — zvimiro nezvikamu zvemakwara.
Dhivha yekudhirowa 6 - kurongeka, kugadzirira mubhedha, kuiswa uye kudhindwa kwema slabs.
Dhivha kudhirowa 7 - kuumbwa kwegwara uye dhiraivha.
Chengetedza kudhirowa 8 — mienzaniso yeroja base.
Kune nzira dzetsoka dzakareba, kwanobva kunopa zano rekutanga rekuyera 1–2 m yega. Mamwe maelementi anoiswa zvinoenderana nendege iyoyo, paine kamutsetse kadiki kekudhonza mvura.
Chengetedza kudhirowa 9 - kuenzana kwetirosi.
Masitepisi mubindu
Paivhu rakakomberedzwa, nzira nematanho zvinowanzochinjana. Mapatsi akafuratira anofanirwawo kunge aine mutserendende, uye nhamba yematanho inofanira kudzikiswa kusvika painodiwa.
Mabviro anotsanangura matanho akareruka akagadzirwa nematombo echisikigo asina kuchekwa, aine mapedhi pasi pemupendero wepamberi. Mhinduro yakadaro haina kuitirwa masitepisi akareba. Kumhara mushure me 8–10 matanho ega ega anotsanangurwa segwaro renhoroondo yekunyaradza. Masitepisi uye kumhara kunofanira kubvisa mvura uye kuremekedza chiyero chakatarwa chehurefu nekutsika.
Masiteki akasimba, mapuranga uye masiraidhi anotaurwa kune masitepisi evhu, ane nhanho kureba kusvika 10–12 cm uye lateral mvura inoyerera. Pamatanho ezvidhinha, dombo rematombo kana slag rinotsanangurwa, uye redombo, rakati sandara kumberi nepamusoro penzvimbo uye kugadzika kwakachengeteka pakusasumuka.
Madziva egadheni
Mashoko anotsanangura nzira dzinoverengeka dzekare dzekugadzira dziva diki. Kana iri ivhu rakaumbwa, gomba rinocherwa 40–50 cm kudzika kudarika kudzika kwaidiwa, uye ivhu rinoiswa muzvikamu zvitatu zvekukora 10–15 cm.
Paivhu rakatsiga zvakakwana, foil yepurasitiki inotaurwa, nekunyatsoyereswa kwe substrate kuitira kuti dzvinyiriro irege kubvarura coating uye mupendero wevhu pamusoro pemapendero efoiri.
Pachidziva chekongiri, kunobva kunodudza kongiri layer ye 10–15 cm ine formwork. Pamadziva makuru, kusimbiswa uye 2–3 mitsara yekudzivirira inodudzwa, pamwe chete nedhini uye kuiswa zvakanaka kupfachukira. Mushure mekuseta kongiri, chinyorwa chinokurudzira shanduko yemvura inokwana katatu isati yaunza zvirimwa nekuda kwezvinhu zvinonyungudika kubva mukongiri nyowani.
Tinokurudzira zvirimwa zvinoshivirira hunyoro hwakatenderedza dziva. Kunobva kwataura zvakare kuiswa kwemvura shrimps ye genus Daphnia senzira yakatsanangurwa panguva yekumisa mvura yakamira; Chirevo ichi chekare hachifanirwe kushandiswa pasina ongororo yemazuva ano yemhando yemvura uye ecology yemadziva.
Kana gadheni rapera, chinyorwa chekutanga chinozivisa fenzi semusoro unotevera. Fenzi, pamwe nemamwe mabasa anotsanangurwa muzvinyorwa zvedura iri, hazvisi chikamu chezvinopihwa nekambani zvemahwindo nemagonhi.