** Nkhani zosungiramo zakale ndi chitetezo: ** zolembazo zimasunga mbiri yakale ya zida, miyeso ndi ndondomeko, koma sizowunikira malo enieni omangira kapena m’malo mwa malangizo a wopanga, maphunziro, ndondomeko ya ntchito ndi malamulo oyenerera. Musanagwetse, kubowola, kudula kapena kupukuta, mizere yamagetsi, madzi ndi gasi iyenera kupezeka ndipo zomangamanga ndi zipangizo ziyenera kufufuzidwa. Mtondo wakale, konkire, njerwa, zotchingira ndi zokutira zitha kukhala ndi silika wakristalo wopumira, asibesitosi, lead kapena zinthu zina zowopsa. Kuwongolera fumbi, chitetezo choyenera cha maso, kumva, ziwalo zopuma, manja ndi mapazi, malo ogwirira ntchito okhazikika ndi zida zomwe zimapangidwira ntchitoyo zimafunikira.
Masiku ano, Savo Kusić amayang’ana kwambiri mazenera amatabwa, mazenera a matabwa a aluminiyamu, mazenera amwambo, khomo ndi zopempha za mawu. Nkhaniyi idakali ngati mbiri yakale ndipo siyikuyimira kuperekedwa kwa ntchito zomanga.
Nyundo ndi zida zamphamvu
Nyundo zonse, zolemera kapena zopepuka, zili ndi magawo awiri: nyundo, yomwe ili ndi bowo pakati, ndi chogwirira chomwe chimalowamo. Mleme nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi chitsulo ndipo chogwiriracho chimakhala chamatabwa. Mitengoyi iyenera kukhala yolimba kwambiri komanso yosalala, kuti isang’ambe ndikuyambitsa matuza m’manja. Pofuna kupewa ngozi yovulala, fufuzani kuti chogwiriracho chayikidwa mwamphamvu mu pisitoni musanagwiritse ntchito. Pazida zapamwamba kwambiri, nkhosa yamphongo imamangiriridwa ku shank ndi pini kapena mphete yachitsulo. Kwa nyundo zomwe chogwiriracho chimangokhala ndi rammed, titha kukonza bwino ngati tiyendetsa muchitsulo kapena matabwa, kapena misomali ingapo yayikulu.
Zofunika: Misomali yokonzedwa bwino sikukonzekera kotetezeka konse. Chogwirira chong’ambika, chotayirira, kapena chosayenera ndi pistoni yowonongeka iyenera kuchotsedwa ntchito ndikukonzedwa kapena kusinthidwa molingana ndi malangizo a wopanga. Asanayambe ntchito, pamwamba pa pisitoni, otetezera pa chisel ndi malo osambira otetezeka amafufuzidwa.
Pogwiritsa ntchito, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti kuwombako kumakhala kolimba ngati chogwiriracho chikuyandikira kumapeto, ndipo mosiyana, pogwira chogwiriracho pafupi ndi kalabu, kuwombera kopepuka komanso kowongolera kumatha kupangidwa.
Nyundo Zolemera
Nyundo zachitsulo, mtundu wa nyundo zolemera, ndizolemera kwambiri ndipo zimakhala ndi chogwirira chachitali (pafupifupi 80 cm) kuti nkhonya zake zikhale zamphamvu momwe zingathere. Chisamaliro chiyenera kutengedwa kuti mugwiritse ntchito chida chamtunduwu kuti musavulaze. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri kuthyola zinthu zolimba, ndipo nthawi zambiri, amathanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito kumenya chisel chamiyala.
Macola ali ndi chogwirira chachifupi kwambiri ndipo ndi chaching’ono komanso chosavuta kuchigwira kuposa nyundo. Mleme umalemera kilogalamu imodzi kapena ziwiri ndipo ndi wooneka ngati kyuyu. Mukagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chida choyenera (chiselo, nkhonya ya bowo), ndi yokwanira kuthyola zinthu zapakati, kuboola makoma, kudula zinthu zolimba.
Nyundo zanjerwa
Nyundo ya mmisiri nthawi zambiri imalemera pafupifupi 500-600magalamu ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusema, kudula njerwa ndi miyala, poyendetsa ma wedge, ndi zina zotero. Nyundo ya kalipentala ingagwiritsidwe ntchito m’malo mwake.400-500magalamu. Mu nyundo ya mmisiri, nkhope ya nyundo imakhala ngati ya mitundu ina ya nyundo, pamene mphuno imakhala yakuthwa kwambiri komanso yophwanyika ngati chiselo chopindika. Palinso mtundu wina wa nyundo ya mmisiri yofanana ndi chotola chaching’ono, chomwe chili ndi tsamba ndi spike mbali inayo.
Zakumwa
Pickaxes ikhoza kukhala ndi nsonga ziwiri zolozera mbali zonse, kapena mbali imodzi ndi yoloza ndipo mbali inayo ndi yafulati ndi yakuthwa. Mtundu womalizawu ndi wojambula waluso waluso chifukwa amalola kusintha kwa nkhonya ngati pakufunika. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofukula, kuswa pansi, magawo osiyanasiyana ndi zina.
Zikhome ndi nkhonya zamasonry
Screws ndi machiseli amiyala ndi zida zachitsulo, zozungulira kapena za octagonal m’magawo opingasa ndi 20 mpaka 60 utali wa masentimita. Ndi nyundo, amagwiritsidwa ntchito pobowola mabowo, tchisi, ndi zina zotero. Zobowola zopangidwa ndi zitsulo zapadera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pobowola makamaka zolimba. Chisel chokhala ndi mpeni waukulu chimagwiritsidwa ntchito podula njerwa kapena miyala.
Pogwira, tiyenera kugwira chidacho mwamphamvu, apo ayi chitha kuchoka m’manja mwathu pambuyo powombera nyundo. Mbali yomwe timayigwira nayonso ndi yofunika kwambiri: iyenera kupendekera pang’ono poyerekezera ndi pamwamba pomwe tikugwira ntchito, chifukwa mwinamwake kuwombako kumabwereranso motsatira njira ya chida. Ichi ndichifukwa chake nthawi zonse timayamba ndi kuwombera mopepuka.
Chitetezo pakugwira ntchito: musagwiritse ntchito tchipisi ndi nkhonya ndi mutu wa “bowa”, ming’alu kapena tsamba lowonongeka. Zomwe zili ndi njira zopangira zobisika ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa zisanachitike; zidutswa za zidutswa zimatha kuwuluka ndi liwiro lalikulu, motero chitetezo cha maso ndi nkhope komanso kupewa anthu ena ndichofunikira.
Tondo, Ntchito Yapadziko Lapansi ndi Chida Chosamutsa
Trowels
Ma trowels (ma trowels, ma spatula) ndi zitsulo zachitsulo zokhala ndi chogwirira chopindika, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokopera ndi kuthira matope, komanso kukonza zosakanizazo pang’onopang’ono. Malingana ndi mtundu wa ntchito, izi kapena mtundu wa trowel umagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pomanga makoma, omwe ali ndi pamwamba ozungulira ndi oyenera kwambiri, chifukwa ndi osavuta kudzaza mipata pakati pa njerwa. Mpukutu wokhala ndi nsonga yodulidwa kapena sikweya nsonga imagwiritsidwa ntchito popaka matope chifukwa imatha kujambula kuchuluka kwa zinthuzo potero kufulumizitsa ntchitoyo. Kumaliza ndi kumeta kumafuna timiyendo tating’ono ta thupi.
Iron ndi pulasitala
Twerolo limapangidwa mosiyanasiyana, kuti liyike bwino komanso pulasitiki. Zazikuluzikulu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyimitsa koyamba ndipo sizitalikirana ngati ma trowels pokonza malo opakidwa. Zapangidwa ndi matabwa ndi pulasitiki.
Mairon apakati (10x20 ndi 15x45) ndi amakona anayi, ataliatali ndipo ali ndi chogwirira kumbuyo. Amapangidwanso ndi matabwa, pulasitiki kapena zitsulo, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popaka pulasitala.
Miyala yaying’ono kwambiri imakhala yooneka ngati sikweya (10x10 kapena 15x15cm) ndipo timawagwiritsa ntchito kusalaza pulasitala yomaliza. Choyamba timanyowetsa pamwamba pa pulasitala ndi burashi, ndiyeno chitsulo. Palinso chitsulo cha siponji chomwe timatha kunyowetsa ndi kusita nthawi imodzi. Plasterboard ndi masikweya (30x30 kapena 40x40) ndipo ili ndi chogwirira chakuya chakumbuyo kumbuyo. Timagwiritsa ntchito m’malo mwa foloko yamisiri popalasa makoma ndi kudenga.
mafosholo, chida chokumba ngati fosholo
Phulusa nthawi zambiri limapangidwa ndi chitsulo chopukutidwa kapena chitsulo chopanikizidwa (chomalizacho chimakhala chochepa kwambiri komanso chosamva). Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokumba pansi ndi kusamutsa zinthu pamtunda waufupi, kapena kunyamula katundu wotayirira m’njira yoyendera. Ali ndi nsonga zakuthwa kwambiri ndipo amalowa mosavuta pansi akufukulidwa. Zowawa zokhala ndi nsonga yosalala zimachotsa zinthu bwino chifukwa zochulukirapo zimatha kukwezedwa nthawi imodzi. Muyenera kudziwa kuti kugwira ace (ndi mafosholo ambiri) ndikovuta kwambiri ngati tigwirana manja moyandikana. Ndicho chifukwa chake tiyenera kugwira chogwiriracho ndi dzanja limodzi motsika momwe tingathere, ndipo ndi dzanja lina, kugwira pafupifupi kumapeto kwa chogwiriracho.
Zidebe ndi machubu
Zidebe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kusamutsa ndi kusunga zinthu zochulukira, kuphatikiza matope pomwe sizinakonzedwe pamalo omangawo. Ngati ndi kotheka, matope ochepa amatha kukonzedwa mwa iwo, pogwiritsa ntchito trowel kusakaniza. Zapangidwa ndi chitsulo kapena pulasitiki, ndipo ndowa ya pulasitiki imakhala yocheperapo, koma chifukwa chake imakhala yopepuka komanso yothandiza kwambiri pantchito zachibwana.
Machubu osaya komanso otakata amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusunga kapena kukonza matope pang’ono. Machubu opangidwa ndi chitsulo ndi pulasitiki ndi abwino kwambiri kusakaniza kotengera simenti kapena laimu, pomwe matabwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri posakaniza potengera gypsum.
masieve akusefa
Sieves, zamatabwa kapena zachitsulo, nthawi zambiri zimagulitsidwa ndi ma meshes angapo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zotheka kuyika ma meshes olimba kapena ochepa ngati pakufunika. Timasefa zinthu zosiyanasiyana kudzera mwa iwo, timalekanitsa mbewu zazikulu ndi zazing’ono. Timawagwiritsa ntchito makamaka popanga mchenga, komanso kuchotsa zotupa kuchokera kumatope osakaniza, makamaka poika zigawo zomaliza pamakoma. Mafoloko apadera a miyala amatha kukhala ndi cholinga chomwecho. Panthawi imodzimodziyo ndi kusamutsa zinthu kuchokera mulu umodzi kupita ku wina, timalekanitsa zing’onozing’ono, pamene zinthu zazikulu zimagawanika kukhala mulu wina. Pitchforks itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito pakusakaniza kowuma kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana zosakaniza: simenti, mchenga, laimu.
zitsulo zodulira zitsulo ndi lumo
Pliers si chida chapadera cha zomangamanga, koma ndizofunikira pa ntchito zosiyanasiyana zamatabwa, kukonza zinthu zamatabwa, etc. Zophatikizana zophatikizana ndizoyenera kwambiri, chifukwa zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pazochitika zazikuluzikulu: kugwiritsira ntchito chinthu chomwe chiyenera kukonzedwa, kupindika zitsulo zachitsulo, kudula kapena kupindika mawaya owonda kwambiri, kuchotsa misomali. Zopalasa za mmisiri zimagwira ntchito bwino pochotsa misomali kapena zokokera pamatabwa. Zopangira za Rebar, zokhala ndi nsagwada zing’onozing’ono, koma zogwirira ntchito zazitali, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popinda ndi kudula mapepala, zitsulo zachitsulo, pochotsa misomali yayikulu. Malumo odulira zitsulo siwofunika chifukwa nthawi zambiri amatha kusinthidwa ndi pliers yabwino ya kalipentala, kapena chisel ndi nyundo. Zitsanzo zosavuta kwambiri ndizofanana ndi lumo wamba waukulu. Atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kudula maukonde achitsulo, zitsulo zachitsulo, mapepala okhala ndi makulidwe a 8 mpaka 10 mm. Mipiringidzo ya makulidwe onse imatha kudulidwa ndi lumo.
Zindikirani: amati amadula makulidwe a mapepala kuchoka pa 8 mpaka 10 mm ndipo matiresi a “ makulidwe onse“ amanyamulidwa kuchokera ku mbiri yakale ndipo sizomwe zidatchulidwa. Kuchuluka kumafufuzidwa kokha pa chizindikiro ndi malangizo a chitsanzo chenichenicho. Chida cholakwika chikhoza kuthyola, kuzembera kapena kutaya chidutswa chodulidwacho; chogwiriracho chiyenera kuthandizidwa mokhazikika, ndi manja kuchoka panjira yodulira.
Trolley
Matigari (mfundo) amapangidwa lero ndi chitsulo, pulasitiki ndi matabwa, ndi gudumu la rabara.
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusamutsa zinthu zambiri kapena zolimba. Ngati timadziwa kuchuluka kwake (nthawi zambiri kuyambira 50 mpaka 70 malita), atha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga zosakaniza.
Kupinda, zingwe ndi zodula manja
Chipinda Chopinda cha Chitsulo
Makina opindika chitsulo ichi kwenikweni ndi mbale yathyathyathya, masikweya, yachitsulo yokhala ndi zodzigudubuza zitatu zotuluka. Chitsulo chachitsulo chimayikidwa kumapeto kwina pakati pa odzigudubuza awiri omwe amachigwira, ndipo amapindika kuzungulira chachitatu, pogwiritsa ntchito chida chapadera.
Pazitsulo zopindika za 6 mpaka 8 millimeters, titha kupanga tokha chipangizo chothandiza, ngati tikhomerera misomali ikuluikulu itatu mu dongosolo lomwelo pa bolodi lochindikala. Mipingo ya akalipentala wamba ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito kupindika.
Zofunika: Chipangizo chokonzedwa bwino chopangidwa ndi matabwa ndi misomali sichikhala ndi mphamvu zolemetsa ndipo chikhoza kulephera mwadzidzidzi. Pakulimbitsa ndi ndodo, gwiritsani ntchito chida chodzipatulira cha kuchuluka koyenera, chomangika mokhazikika motsatira malangizo, ndikuwongolera kayendedwe ka zinthuzo.
Zingwe
Chingwe ndiye njira yosavuta yonyamulira kapena kutsitsa katundu wocheperako pomwe kusiyana kwake sikuli kwakukulu. Chingwe cha hemp chokhala ndi makulidwe a 8 mpaka 30 mmilimita ndichokwanira kukweza pamanja.
Chingwe chabwino, kuwonjezera pa kulimba, chiyeneranso kukhala chosinthika. Katunduyu amadalira zinthu ndi kuchuluka kwa ulusi mu kuluka. Ngati tikufuna kuti chingwecho chikhale nthawi yaitali, tiyenera kuchitsuka m’madzi abwino n’kuchisiya chililende pa mbedza kapena msomali. Tisanagwiritse ntchito, tiyenera kuyang’ana kuti chingwecho chimatha kupirira katunduyo komanso kuti sichidasweka paliponse. Ngati chingwecho chikuwoneka chochepa kwambiri, tikhoza kuchigwiritsa ntchito pochiwirikiza kawiri, ngati kutalika kwake kumalola. Mukalumikiza zingwe ziwiri kapena zingapo, mfundozo ziyenera kukhala zolimba kuti zisamangidwe chifukwa cha kupsinjika.
Komabe, zingwe ziwiri zomangika sizingapirire ngati chingwe chimodzi chonse cha m’mimba mwake. Nsonga zodziwika kwambiri zomwe amamanga njerwa amagwiritsa ntchito ndi: tension hangman noose, mfundo ya munthu, ndi mfundo za mmisiri.
Kukweza: chingwe m’mimba mwake ndi kuyang’ana kowoneka sizokwanira kudziwa kuchuluka kwa katundu. Pakukweza, gwiritsani ntchito zida zovomerezeka zomwe zimatha kuwerengeka, zolumikizira zoyenera komanso pulani yokwezera. Musayime pansi pa katundu woyimitsidwa ndipo musagwiritse ntchito mfundo zomwe sizinali zokonzedweratu ndikuyang’aniridwa ndi dongosolo linalake.
chingwe chowongolera poyang’ana kupendekeka
Chingwe chowongolera, chosavuta momwe chingafunikire, chimathandiza kudziwa choyimirira pamfundo iliyonse. Amakhala ndi kulemera kumodzi (mtsogoleri, chitsulo), choloza pansi ndikumangiriridwa ku chingwe chopyapyala. Pansi pa kulemera kwake, chingwecho chimakhala cholimba ndipo nthawi zonse chimayima molunjika. Pogwiritsira ntchito, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti pamene tikufuna kulamulira verticality, mwachitsanzo khoma, kapena gawo lake, nthawi zambiri timatenga chinachake kuti tifanizire (benchmark), m’mphepete mwake, zomwe timaganiza kuti ndizowona. Timagwiritsitsa chingwe chowongolera mokhazikika komanso ku khoma. Tisanafananize ngati chingwecho chikufanana ndi m’mphepete (benchmark), tiyenera kudikirira kuti chingwe chowongolera chikhazikike.
Macheka
Macheka a Carpenter, okhala ndi thabwa ndi mpeni wopyapyala, wopendekeka, amalola kudula bwino kwambiri. Komabe, bandeji yokhazikika ndi dzanja limodzi ndi yokwanira pantchito zazing’ono. Ndi ntchito yomanga, palibe luso lapadera la macheka lomwe limafunikira. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti timagwiritsa ntchito macheka pa “jerk”, mwachitsanzo, kumukokera kwa iye. Kuti mzere ukhale wodulidwa motalika, nthawi zonse timayamba ndi tsamba lomwe limakhala lopingasa.
mpeni wagalasi
Mpeni wodziwika bwino komanso wotsika mtengo kwambiri wa glazier uli ndi mawilo akuthwa achitsulo kumbali imodzi, omwe amakulolani kudula pang’onopang’ono galasi ndikukokera mpeni pamzere womwe mukufuna, mwina mothandizidwa ndi wolamulira wachitsulo. Ndikofunikira, kuti mugwire bwino ntchito, m’malo mwa gudumu mukangotaya kuthwa kwake. Mipeni yamakono kwambiri imakhala ndi mawilo asanu ndi limodzi omwe amaikidwa pa disk imodzi yozungulira, kotero amatha kusinthidwa mosavuta. Kumapeto kwa litalo lokhala ndi mipeni pali nsonga za makulidwe osiyanasiyana omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kung’amba magalasi omwe amatsalira akadula. Odula magalasi amagwiritsa ntchito mpeni wokhala ndi nsonga ya diamondi, yomwe ndi yokwera mtengo kwambiri komanso yabwino kuposa mtundu wamba wodula magalasi.
mpeni wodula matailosi
Wodula matayala ali ndi tsamba lakuthwa kwambiri, “onani”, lomwe titha kudula nalo matailosi a ceramic popanda kuwang’amba. Timagwiritsa ntchito, komanso mpeni wa galasi, kuti tidutse mzere womwewo kangapo mpaka tilowe pansi pa glaze. Ndiye titha kudula matailosi pakati ndi manja athu.
Kudulira magalasi ndi matailosi: gwiritsani ntchito zida zopangira zinthuzo, malo okhazikika, zoteteza maso ndi magolovesi osaduka. Chidutswacho sichiphwanyidwa ndi manja osatetezedwa; m’mphepete mwake ndi fumbi zimayendetsedwa ndikutayidwa bwino.
Chida choyezera ndi kulemba chizindikiro
Pafupi ntchito iliyonse imafunikira kuyeza ndi kuyika chizindikiro, ndipo chida chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pankhaniyi chiyenera kukhala cholondola kwambiri pochepetsa malire a kulolera. Komabe, ntchito yomwe timakonda kuchita tokha, yosavuta ndiyokwanira. Meta yopinda ya kalipentala nthawi zambiri imagawidwa m’magawo asanu kapena khumi 20 centimita kutalika. Nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi matabwa, komanso pulasitiki ndi aluminiyumu.
Ndi tepi yoyezera yachitsulo yaying’ono kwambiri, yokulungidwa mubokosi lozungulira kapena lalikulu, yomwe imatha kukokedwa mpaka kutalika komwe mukufuna. Pambuyo ntchito, izo basi adagulung’undisa kubwerera m’bokosi. Chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwake kwakukulu, komabe, sizoyenera kwambiri zoyezera molunjika.
Muyezo wa tepi wa nsalu umagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeza zigawo zazitali. Tepiyo, yopangidwa ndi chinsalu cholimba kwambiri kapena nayiloni, 10 mpaka 20 meter kutalika, imakulungidwa pa gudumu limodzi m’bokosi. Mukagwiritsidwa ntchito, tepiyo imabwereranso mosavuta potembenuza gudumu ndi chogwirira chimodzi.
Mulingo wamzimu wokhala ndi kuwira kwa mpweya ndiye chida chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuyeza kupendekera kwa malo ofukula kapena opingasa. Amakhala ndi galasi kapena chubu lapulasitiki lomwe lili ndi madzi okhala ndi kuwira kwa mpweya. Mulingo wa mzimu nthawi zambiri umapangidwa ndi matabwa kapena aluminiyamu, ndipo ndi 30 mpaka 40 centimita utali. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala machubu ena awiri kapena atatu motere kotero kuti ndi kotheka kuwerengera molunjika ndi kolowera pakona ya 45 madigiri.
Mulingo ukapendekera mbali imodzi, thovulo limasunthira pamalo okwera kwambiri. Mulingo wa mzimu umakhala wopingasa pamene kuwira kuli pakati pa chubu, chomwe chalembedwa. Tikafuna kuwongolera kupendekeka kwa magawo ataliatali, timayika chidacho pa ndodo yayitali yokwanira yoyezera. Kuti tiwone ngati pamwamba ndi yopingasa, tidzabwereza miyesoyo m’mizere yayikulu - motsatira ma diagonal ndi perimeter (kuzungulira).
Zomangamanga, zokhazikika komanso zokhazikika, zimapangidwa ndi matabwa kapena aluminiyamu. Amakonzedwa bwino kwambiri ndipo ndi ovuta kuwasokoneza. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito muzomangamanga zambiri: poyala pulasitala pamakoma, monga zitsogozo popanga m’mphepete, poyala pansi ndi magawo, ngati chothandizira cholemba.
Maonekedwe apadera osalala a pensulo ya wopanga amaipangitsa kuti ikhale yolimba. Kutsogola kopanda phokoso kumalola, mwa zina, kusiya chizindikiro chabwino kwambiri ngakhale mutagwiritsa ntchito pazinthu zovuta.
Kukweza ndi kukonza makina osakaniza
Lever ndi reel
Chingwe ndi chimodzi mwa zida zakale kwambiri komanso zodziwika bwino zonyamulira katundu. Kwenikweni ndi chitsulo chachitsulo (khwangwala) chomwe chimakankhidwira pansi pa chinthu chomwe chikunyamulidwa. Pogwiritsa ntchito kupanikizika pansi kumbali ina ya bar yomwe imakhazikika pa chithandizo, ndizotheka kukweza ngakhale zinthu zolemetsa kwambiri, mpaka kutalika kokwanira kuika zonyamula kapena zogudubuza. Chitsulo chachitsulo chimayambira mamita asanu ndi limodzi mpaka mamita asanu. Mbali imodzi imakhala yozungulira ngati msomali, ndipo zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kulowetsa lever pansi pa chinthu chomwe chiyenera kunyamulidwa. Reel ndi gudumu lopindika lomwe limazungulira mozungulira ekseli yokhazikika kuchitsulo chachitsulo. Chingwe chachitsulo, chomangika ku chimango chomwecho, chimamangirira chokokeracho pachithandizo chilichonse choyenera. Kuti anyamule chinthu, chingwe cha m’mimba mwake choyenerera chimadutsa m’mphako ndipo mbali imodzi imamangiriridwa ku katunduyo ndipo ina imakokedwa ndi manja. Khama ndilofanana ndi kukweza kwa chingwe chokha, koma kukweza kumakhala kosavuta chifukwa chokhoza kuchita kuchokera pamwamba ndi pansi. Kuphatikiza apo, ntchitoyi imatha kukhala yosavuta pogwiritsa ntchito makina okhala ndi ma reel awiri kapena atatu.
Zofunika: chonyamulira zingwe, mbeza, zingwe, zomangira ndi zolumikizira zonse ziyenera kuperekedwa ndikukhala ndi zolembera zokwanira. Dongosolo lanjira yonyamula katundu komanso madera opanda munthu ndikofunikira. Chingwecho chimatha kutsika kapena kutaya chithandizo; katunduyo sumatetezedwa ndi thupi ndipo samasiyidwa pokha pa lever.
Zosakaniza
A chosakanizira ndi makina omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusakaniza matope komanso makamaka kupanga konkire. Kuphatikiza pa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomangamanga, zosakaniza zazing’ono kwambiri zimapangidwanso, zomwe zimachotsa kusakaniza kwa cubic mamita awiri pa ola limodzi. Zigawo za chosakaniza ndi chotengera chozungulira - cauldron - chomwe chingathe kupendekera kumbali, ndi injini yamagetsi yaing’ono yomwe imatha kulumikizidwa ndi netiweki yamagetsi yapanyumba ya 220 volts. Galimoto imazungulira chowotcha ndipo nthawi yomweyo zopalasa zomwe zimamangiriridwa pamenepo. Njira yonseyi imayikidwa pazitsulo zazitsulo zokhala ndi mawilo a rabara, kuti zikhale zosavuta kuyenda. Mfundo yakuti boiler imapendekera kumbali imapangitsa kuti kutsitsa komanso kutsitsa kukhale kosavuta. The okonzeka osakaniza atha kutsanuliridwa mu ufa, kapena mwachindunji anaika zisamere pachakudya.
Nthawi zabwino za osakaniza zimabwera patsogolo pokonzekera matope kapena konkire, monga popaka makoma, makoma a concreting, etc. Kuphatikiza apo, chosakaniza sichimangopulumutsa mphamvu ndi nthawi, koma kusakaniza kumakhala kofanana, choncho ntchitoyo ikuchitika bwino.
Chitetezo chamagetsi ndi makina: mbiri yakale 220 volt mains reference sicholozera cholumikizira. Chosakanizacho chiyenera kukhala ndi chingwe cholondola, maziko ndi chitetezo choperekedwa kumalo omangira chonyowa, ndipo kugwirizana kuyenera kutetezedwa ndi chipangizo choyenera chosiyana. Zimitsani ndikuteteza makinawo musanayeretse kapena kuchotsa jams; manja, zovala ndi zida zisalowe m’malo oyenda pomwe pali mphamvu.
Sprinkler
Sprayer, monga liwu lenilenilo limanenera, amagwiritsidwa ntchito popaka matope popopera mankhwala. Ndi bokosi lachitsulo lokhala ndi chogwirira komanso chotsegula mbali imodzi. Mkati mwa bokosi lachitsulo muli chodzigudubuza, chomwe chimatembenuzidwa ndi chogwirira ndi momwe zitsulo zambiri zotanuka zimamangiriridwa ngati zisa. Tikayika matope ndikuyamba kutembenuza chogwiriracho, mbale zachitsulo zimakankhira matope mwamphamvu kukhoma, omwe pamapeto pake amawapopera mofanana. Kuchuluka kwa pulasitala kumatengera liwiro lomwe chogwiriracho chimatembenuzidwira komanso mtunda wa sprayer kuchokera pakhoma. Ndibwino kuti muyambe kuyang’ana maonekedwe omaliza a ntchito pa gawo la khoma.
Chidziwitso chomaliza: sankhani chidacho molingana ndi zinthu, mphamvu zomwe zalengezedwa komanso momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito. Musanagwiritse ntchito, yang’anani chikhalidwe, zigawo zotetezera, malo ogwirira ntchito ndi malangizo a wopanga. Fumbi, phokoso, mbali zowuluka, magetsi, kunyamula pamanja ndi kugwira ntchito pamalo okwera zimafunikira miyeso yapadera yomwe kuwunika kwa mbiriyi sikungalowe m’malo.