Zosungidwa zakale ndi chitetezo: zolembazo zimasunga mbiri yakale ya maloko, makiyi ndi mahinji. Sizikupanga upangiri wachitetezo chamakono, inshuwaransi kapena kupanga zobwereza popanda chilolezo. Gwirani ntchito pa maloko ndi makiyi pokhapokha muli ndi ufulu wolowa; ganyu woyendetsa maloko ovomerezeka kapena ntchito yoteteza, moto, kuthamangitsidwa ndi maloko amagetsi. Akasupe, m’mbali zakuthwa, mafayilo, macheka, malawi, zosungunulira ndi zometa zimatha kuvulaza kapena moto.
Masiku ano, Savo Kusić amayang’ana kwambiri mazenera amatabwa, mazenera a matabwa a aluminiyamu, mazenera amwambo, khomo ndi zopempha za mawu. Nkhaniyi akadali mbiri kunyumba Buku ndipo si zimapanga kupereka locksmith kapena ntchito locksmith.
Zowonongeka ndi kukonza kwake
Pakhomo pali ntchito zing’onozing’ono, za tsiku ndi tsiku: kukonza pansi, kuchotsa magalasi osweka kapena kukonza khomo. Mawu oyambirira amawafotokozera mwatsatanetsatane kuchokera ku zosavuta mpaka zovuta. Pankhani ya loko, choyamba ndikofunikira kudziwa ngati choyambitsa chake ndi njira yokhayo, kusamanga bwino chitseko, hinji yotha kapena silinda yowonongeka.
Mitundu ndi magawo a loko ya mortise
Buku la mbiriyakale limasiyanitsa pakati pa maloko, theka la maloko ndi maloko, ndikuzindikira kuti maloko amayikidwa pazitseko zanyumba.
Pazojambula pali: 1. bowo lakiyi, 2. loko, 3. mbeza, 4. chogwirizira, 5. chipolopolo chozungulira, 6. malo ogwirira, 7. nyumba zokhoma, 8. akasupe ndi mapini ndi 9. mapeto omaliza. Chiwonetserocho chimaphatikizanso zomangira zomangitsa, ndipo pankhani ya maloko otetezedwa, gearbox; masanjidwe akuwonetsedwa pachithunzichi 1.
Chithunzi 1 — mbali za loko yomangidwa.
Njira Zokonzera Zakale
Malemba oyambilira akufotokoza za kupasuka kwa chikwama, kuchotsa kasupe, ndikuyang’ana mkono, mkono, tabu, ndi kugwira. Kasupe amatha kutuluka mwadzidzidzi, ndipo makina akale amatha kukhala ndi mbali zakuthwa kapena zowotcha. Musanatsegule chitseko, chitetezedwe kuti chisatsekedwe, ndipo zigawo zake ziyenera kukonzedwa kuti zisasoweke.
Pakutsegula kwa chogwirira, mawuwa akufotokoza kumaliza ndi fayilo ndikuphimba mkono ndi pepala lopyapyala. Pamkono wamanja wotha, umayikidwa kuti uchoke m’mphepete kuchokera ku 1,5 mpaka 2 mm. Palinso zonena za kusintha kasupe wosweka, kudula pepala la thupi ndikugwira ntchito ndi nyundo ndi fayilo. Miyezo imeneyi ndi ya m’mbiri yakale ndipo silololedwa ndi loko yamakono.
Pakugwidwa kowonongeka, kutambasula ndi kusintha kumafotokozedwa, ndi loko kumafufuzidwa pamalo otseguka; mbali yopindika ya mbedza m’mawu oyamba ili pafupi 1 mm pamwamba pa tabu. Ngati lilime la chogwirira ndi kutsegula kwa mbale yolandirira sizikugwirizananso, chifukwa chake chikhoza kukhala chitseko chokhazikika kapena kukweza. Musanakulitse kutsegula, muyenera kuyang’ana mahinji, geometry ya mapiko ndi chitetezo cha msonkhano.
Buku la mbiriyakale limalimbikitsa kuti nthawi ndi nthawi muzipaka mafuta pozungulira ndi otsetsereka ndi mafuta opanda asidi. Wopanga wamakono angafunike chida china, motero malangizo ake amakhala patsogolo. Mukatha kusonkhanitsa, loko iyenera kuyang’aniridwa pamene chitseko chili chotsegula, kuti chisakhale chokhoma chifukwa cha malo olakwika.
Makiyi ndi njira yakale yowapangira
M’makiyi akale okhala ndi cholembera, mawu oyambira amakhala ndi mkono wotakata 6–8 mm ndi kufotokoza kapangidwe ka quill molingana ndi makina ake. Masiku ano, chobwereza chiyenera kupangidwa ndi womanga malo ovomerezeka, kutengera choyambirira komanso ndi ufulu wa eni ake kapena wogwiritsa ntchito. Zosindikiza, miyeso ndi zithunzi za kiyiyo siziyenera kupezeka pagulu.
Kachitidwe m’mbiri kumaphatikizapo kuyeza makiyi aiwisi, kukanikiza pa vise, kusungitsa mkono ndi lilime ndi kuwongolera mawonekedwe, monga momwe zikuwonekera pachithunzi 2.
Chithunzi 2 — ndondomeko yakale yopanga makiyi pamanja.
Zotsatirazi, choyambiriracho chikufotokoza kusamutsa malo a grooves kuchokera pachiyambi, kudula ndi macheka, kumaliza ndi mafayilo a singano ndikuzungulira m’mphepete. Zanenedwanso kuti nthengayo idayatsidwa ndi lawi lamoto kuti izindikire komwe idakhudzidwa, kenako idatsukidwa ndi petulo. Chifukwa cha moto, utsi, kuwotcha komanso kuthekera kokopera kosaloledwa, njirayi sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito; kubwereza koyenera kumapangidwa ndi akatswiri omwe ali ndi zida zoyenera.
Pa makiyi okhala ndi nthenga ziwiri, mawuwa akutsindika kufananiza. Kwa silinda ya loko, akunena kuti kupanga kumakhala kovuta kwambiri ndipo kumayambira pachiyambi. Mbiri zotetezedwa zamakono zingafunike khadi lachitetezo kapena chilolezo china.
Kwa ma nibs opindika, zolemba zakale zimanena kuti kuchuluka kwa kusintha komwe kungatheke kumawonjezeka ndi kuchuluka kwa masitepe: pamasitepe asanu ndi limodzi akuti 720, ndi zisanu ndi zitatu 40320 zosiyana. Izi sizomwe zimatsimikizira chitetezo cha loko.
Kukonzanso zakale komanso malire amakono achitetezo
Buku loyambirira likufotokoza za kusintha loko yokhazikika poboola dzenje 2 mm ndikuwonjezera kachidutswa kakang’ono ka msomali ka 3 mm ndi kutalika kwa 5 mm. M’mawuwa, mbali imodzi imasinthidwa kukhala 2 mm ndi kutalika kwa 3 mm, ndipo poyambira ndi m’lifupi mwake 3 mm ndi kuya kwa 2 mm amapangidwa mu cholembera cha kiyi. Izi zimafalitsidwa kokha pofuna kusunga mbiri yakale: kusinthidwa kosinthidwa kungathe kufooketsa loko, kutsekereza potuluka, kapena kulepheretsa ntchito yomwe yalengezedwa ndipo sikuyenera kuchitidwa pakhomo lomwe likugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kotsegula, silinda yotseka ndi mahinji
Posankha loko, ndikofunikira kaya chitseko kapena zenera zili kumanzere kapena kumanja. Zojambula zakale zikuwonetsa njira yodziwira pachithunzichi 3, kumtunda.
Malemba oyambirira akufotokoza maloko a silinda a Yale ndi maloko a mapini awiri a Wertheim ngati chitetezo ndipo amafotokoza mbiri yakale yachitetezo, yomwe ikuwonetsedwa pachithunzi 3, chapakati. Mikhalidwe ya inshuwaransi ndi makalasi achitetezo masiku ano amadalira ndondomeko yovomerezeka, miyezo, msonkhano wathunthu wa khomo, silinda, chishango, mbale zolandirira ndi njira yokwezera; chifukwa chake, mawu akalewa asagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati umboni wachitetezo kapena chitetezo.
Chithunzi 3 — maloko, maloko otsegulira ndi mahinji.
Loko imagwira ntchito bwino pokhapokha zitseko ndi mazenera atsekeka bwino komanso mahinji akugwira ntchito ndikusamalidwa. Pochotsa banki, mawu oyamba amatchula za shimu pamene hinji yatsopanoyo ndi yopyapyala kapenanso sinki yowonjezera ikakhala yokhuthala. Monga padi, imalongosola matailosi amtundu wofanana ndi gawo lokhazikika.
M’munsi mwachithunzichi 3 chikuwonetsa mbiri yakale ya hinji ndi masinthidwe.
Chisankho sichiyenera kutengera dzina la hinji yokha. Zida, miyeso, misa ndi geometry ya sash, njira yotsegulira, kukula kwa kutsegula, chikhalidwe cha chimango ndi njira yolumikizira ndizofunikira. Zitseko zolemera, zamoto ndi zotulutsiramo zimafunikira zida zolengezedwa ndikuyika akatswiri.
