Cov hom ntoo sib txawv hauv cov qauv, xim, lub zog, kev ua haujlwm, zoo li, kev loj hlob thiab ua haujlwm ntev hauv cov kev siv tshwj xeeb. Cov kev sib txawv no tseem ceeb thaum xaiv cov khoom siv rau kev tsim kho thiab cov khoom siv ntoo.
Feem ntau siv hom ntoo
Conifer hom yog siv rau kev txhawb nqa lub tsev:
- cov tais diav;
- spruce;
- boron;
- larch.
Oak thiab beech yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog haum rau cov ntaiv, pem teb thiab cov hom phiaj zoo sib xws.
Ntau hom ntoo txawv li cas
Cov qauv thiab xim ntawm cov ntoo, kev loj hlob ntawm lub cev thiab cov ceg, tawv ntoo, nplooj thiab koob yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm hom ntoo.
Tus kws kho mob sib txawv raws li:
- ntoo qauv - ntoo ntoo, sapwood, dav ntawm cov cav, feem ntawm cov ntoo lig thiab cov ntoo thaum ntxov;
- lub zog thiab kev ua haujlwm;
- tsos thiab kev loj hlob, suav nrog bumpiness;
- durability ntawm ntoo nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob prevailing nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub.
Fir thiab ntoo thuv nrog lub nplhaib dav heev muaj qhov sib npaug tsawg dua ntoo dua li ntoo nrog lub nplhaib nqaim. Nws tsis tshua muaj zog thiab yooj yim rau kev ua haujlwm.
Beech ntoo nrog lub nplhaib dav feem ntau yog qhov muaj zog dua li ntoo nrog lub nplhaib nqaim. Ncaj grain ntoo nrog ob peb knots yog technically muaj nuj nqis tshaj crooked thiab heev knotty ntoo. Pine zoo sawv ntawm huab cua ntev dua beech.
Tsob ntoo
Xyoo, ntxov thiab lig ntoo
Nyob rau ntu ntu ntawm tsob ntoo, cov xyoo feem ntau pom tau meej meej. Raws li txoj cai, txhua tus loj hlob hauv ib xyoos.
Image 1. Ciam teb thaj tsam ntawm ob xyoos ntawm ntoo thuv nyob rau hauv siab magnification.
Lub xyoo pib nrog cov hlwb dav, nyias-walled uas tshwm ci rau ntawm qhov muag liab qab - ** ntoo thaum ntxov **. Nws xaus rau hauv nqaim, tuab-walled hlwb uas tshwm tsaus nti - ** ntoo lig **.
Raws li daim duab 1 m nws tuaj yeem cia siab tias cov ntoo, nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo ib yam, nrog rau kev nce hauv qhov feem pua ntawm cov ntoo lig muaj peev xwm ntau dua thiab ua haujlwm nyuaj dua.
Pores nyob rau hauv deciduous hom
Daim duab 1 yog yam ntxwv ntawm cov ntoo coniferous. Nyob rau hauv cov ntoo tawv ntoo, ntoo nrog lub nplhaib-zoo li lub qhov hws, xws li cov tshauv hauv daim duab 2, thiab cov ntoo nrog cov pob zeb tawg, xws li beech hauv daim duab 3.
Image 2. Ntoo tshauv nrog lub nplhaib-zoo li tus pores.
Image 3. Beech ntoo nrog tawg qhov pores.
Nrog rau qhov nce ntawm qhov loj ntawm qhov pores, lub peev xwm thauj khoom kuj txo.
Cov duab 1–3, sib nrug los ntawm cov hlwb uas tau hais nyob rau hauv cov hlab uas sib npaug mus rau axis ntawm tsob ntoo, kuj tseem qhia cov rays uas cim nrog tsab ntawv m. Lawv ncav cuag radially los ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm tsob ntoo mus rau bark. Tus naj npawb thiab thickness ntawm cov tub ntxhais rays cuam tshuam qhov kev tiv thaiv ntawm ntoo transversely mus rau axis ntawm tsob ntoo.
Log dav
Qhov dav ntawm lub nplhaib sib txawv hauv txhua tsob ntoo, thiab ntau dua li ntawm cov ntoo sib txawv. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv txheeb cais, nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm ntoo thuv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hnyav, qhov dav ntawm lub cav yog hais txog 1–2 mm.
Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis tsim nyog sau cov ntoo thuv nrog lub xyoo nqaim lossis dav dua li qhov tsis muaj nqis. Lub zog feem ntau qis dua tsuas yog thaum qhov nqaim heev thiab dav dav, thiab vim qhov dav ntawm cov grooves feem ntau hloov me ntsis xwb.