Igama elithi “isakhiwo se-mezzanine” livame ukusetshenziswa kumongo wobunjiniyela bezakhiwo nezakhiwo. Kubhekiselwa ohlelweni lwesakhiwo olusetshenziselwa ukusekela usilingi phakathi kwephansi lesakhiwo. Isakhiwo se-mezzanine sidlala indima ebalulekile ekuzinzeni nasekuthwaleni umthamo wezakhiwo. Ukukhethwa kwezinto zokwakha kanye nohlobo lwesakhiwo se-mezzanine kuncike ezintweni ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise nenhloso yesakhiwo, ukuphakama kwayo, isabelomali, amakhodi wokwakha wendawo kanye nezinye izidingo zobuchwepheshe.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwezakhiwo ze-mezzanine

Ukuhlukaniswa kwezakhiwo ze-mezzanine kungenziwa ngokuya ngezinhlelo zesakhiwo, noma ngokuya ngezinto ezenziwe ngazo. Izindlela ezakhayo zezakhiwo ze-mezzanine yilezi: ama-vaults, izakhiwo ze-plate mezzanine, izakhiwo ze-mezzanine ze-beam, uphahla nophahla. Ukuhlukaniswa kwezakhiwo ze-mezzanine ngokwezinto ezenziwe ngazo yilezi: ama-vaults enziwe ngamatshe emvelo, ukwakhiwa kwe-mezzanine kokhonkolo namabhulokhi, ukwakhiwa kwezitini ze-mezzanine, ukwakhiwa kwe-mezzanine kokhonkolo oqinisiwe, ukwakhiwa kwensimbi ye-mezzanine kanye nezakhiwo zokhuni ze-mezzanine.

Namuhla, ukwakhiwa kwe-mezzanine kuvame ukwenziwa njenge-slab kakhonkolo eqinisiwe, egcwele amabhulokhi e-TM noma njengokwakhiwa kwe-FERT mezzanine.

Izakhiwo ze-mezzanine ezenziwe ngokhonkolo namabhulokhi enziwe ngezinto zokubopha

Izinhlelo ezibaluleke kakhulu zezakhiwo ze-mezzanine zaleli qembu zihlanganisa:

  1. Izakhiwo ze-mezzanine zikakhonkolo eziqinisiwe ezenziwe nge-formwork (ukwakhiwa kwe-mezzanine ye-AB ngendlela yamapuleti, ukwakhiwa kwe-mezzanine yamakhowe, ukwakhiwa kwe-ceramic mezzanine eqinisiwe).
  2. Ukwakhiwa kwe-mezzanine kakhonkolo okuqinisiwe okwenziwe nge-formwork (ukwakhiwa okunezimbambo, ukwakhiwa okunezimbambo ezinhle)
  3. Imishayo kanye nemishayo yengxenye ye-T yokwakhiwa kwe-mezzanine
  4. Ama-vaults enziwe ngokhonkolo noma amabhlogo amatshe okwenziwa (awenziwa namuhla)
  5. Ukwakhiwa kwe-mezzanine okwenziwe ngezinto ezithwala ama-slab ezenziwe endaweni yokusebenzela phakathi kwemishayo kakhonkolo (MK eyenziwe ngama-slabs aqinile ka-AB nemishayo, i-MK eyenziwe ngama-slabs angenalutho angu-AB, i-MK eyenziwe ngamapuleti e-ceramic angenalutho)
  6. Ukwakhiwa kwe-Mezzanine okwenziwe ngemishayo ye-prefab enezici zokugcwalisa

Abasebenzi bathela i-mezzanine slab kakhonkolo eqinisiwe phezu kwesiqinisi kanye nomsebenzi

Isithombe1- Ukuthululela ukhonkolo oluqinile oluyisicaba lwesakhiwo se-mezzanine

Ukwakhiwa kwezitini ze-Mezzanine

Ukwakhiwa kwe-mezzanine okunjalo akusakwenziwa, kodwa kuzoshiwo ukuthi hlobo luni lwezakhiwo ze-mezzanine ezenziwe ngale nto. Nokho, okunye okwengeziwe ngezitini ngokwazo kungafundwa kokuthi umbhalo olandelayo.

Ngaphambilini, ukwakhiwa kwe-ceramic mezzanine okuqinisiwe, ukwakhiwa kwe-mezzanine enezimbambo ngokugcwaliswa kwezitini, ukwakhiwa kwe-mezzanine ngemishayo yezitini kanye nezindonga zezitini zenziwa.

Izakhiwo ze-Mezzanine ezenziwe ngengilazi

Ukusetshenziswa kwezakhiwo ze-mezzanine zalolu hlobo kuvunyelwe kuphela kuma-skylights osilingi (okusilingi), kanye nokumboza indawo ehlala ama-skylights, njll. ngemithwalo ehambayo engaphansi kuka-500 kPa, kodwa hhayi ezakhiweni ze-mezzanine zezakhiwo noma ophahleni lwezakhiwo ezingaphansi kwegceke. Izakhiwo ze-mezzanine ezenziwe ngengilazi zihlanganisa: i-MK eqinisiwe eyenziwe ngokhonkolo oqinisiwe namabhulokhi engilazi, i-MK eyenziwe ngamabhulokhi engilazi ozimele bensimbi nosilingi wengilazi.

Iphaneli yengilazi yaphansi ngaphakathi ixhuma ukubuka esitezi esingezansi

Isithombe 2 - Ukwakhiwa kwengilazi ye-mezzanine

Izakhiwo ze-mezzanine ezenziwe ngemishayo ye-FERT

Lezi zinhlobo zokwakhiwa kwe-mezzanine zivame ukusetshenziswa namuhla, ngoba ziyashesha futhi zithembekile. Umthwalo udluliselwa yimishayo ye-FERT, enokuqiniswa kwayo, futhi ukugcwaliswa kwalesi sakhiwo se-mezzanine sakhiwe ngamabhuloki e-FERT, angadluliseli umthwalo kusuka esakhiweni se-mezzanine kuya ezindongeni ezizungezile. 

Izinqwaba ze-FERT, amabhulokhi e-ceramic kanye nokuqinisa ngaphambi kokuhlanganisa

Isithombe 3 - FERT ukwakhiwa kwe-mezzanine (imishayo ye-FERT namabhulokhi angagcwalisi)

Izakhiwo zensimbi ye-mezzanine

Ngokugcwaliswa kwezakhiwo ezinjalo ze-mezzanine, cishe zonke izici zikakhonkolo zesakhiwo ezifakwe ngaphansi kwezakhiwo ze-mezzanine ezenziwe ngokhonkolo ziyacatshangelwa, lapho esikhundleni semishayo kakhonkolo (eyakhiwe ngaphambili noma eyenziwe endaweni) isetshenziswa izisekelo zensimbi. Izakhiwo ze-Mezzanine ezenziwe ngensimbi zihlanganisa: I-MK eyenziwe ngensimbi ye-I-profiles, i-MK eyenziwe ngezisekelo zensimbi elula, i-MK eyenziwe ngeshidi lensimbi. Okuthe xaxa mayelana nesakhiwo sensimbi ngokwaso kungatholakala kokuthi umbhalo olandelayo.

Isakhiwo sensimbi ye-mezzanine esisekelwa kumakholomu

Isithombe 4 - Isakhiwo sensimbi ye-mezzanine

Ukubuka ngezansi kwamagida ensimbi anepuleti eligcwalisa isakhiwo se-mezzanine

Isithombe 5 - Isakhiwo sensimbi se-mezzanine esifakwe iphaneli yokhuni

Isakhiwo se-rib steel mezzanine esineshidi elinephrofayela

Image 6 - Isakhiwo se-mezzanine esinezimba zensimbi

Izakhiwo zokhuni ze-mezzanine

Izakhiwo ze-Mezzanine ezenziwe ngokhuni zihlanganisa: I-MK yemishayo eqinile (MK enesitezi esimaphakathi, i-MK yezitini ezikhanyayo, i-MK enephansi eliyimpumputhe kanye nongqimba lokufakwa komsindo, i-semi-massive MK), i-MK yamapulangwe kanye ne-MK yemishayo emibili (i-attic nophahla).

Ezakhiweni ze-mezzanine ezine-mezzanine, zokwakhiwa kwama-mezzanines, amaphaneli enziwe ngokhuni, i-plaster of paris, amabhodi alula enziwe ngoboya bezinkuni, njll. Izakhiwo ze-mezzanine ezinkulu zimbozwe nge-mesh encane yocingo enezicucu zobumba olubhakiwe emajoyintini, agcwele ukhonkolo, noma ambozwe ngama-slabs kakhonkolo aqinisiwe angenalutho. Izakhiwo ze-Mezzanine ezenziwe ngamapulangwe, kanye ne-I-imishayo, zisetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukulondoloza izingodo, kanye nezakhiwo ezenziwe ngamapulangwe aphindwe kabili ukuze kwandiswe ukuvikeleka kokubili kumsindo odluliswa emoyeni kanye nomthelela lapho uhamba.

Izingongolo zokhuni ze-mezzanine kanye nefomu lepuleti ekwakhiweni kwesakhiwo

Isithombe 7 - Ukwakhiwa kwe-mezzanine yokhuni

Uphahla nophahla

Uphahla luhlanganisa:

  1. Kunamathiselwe osilingini (olunamekwe) (usilingi owenziwe nge-wire mesh, enemeshi yensimbi emsulwa njengesisekelo seglue, ukwelukwa kwezinti zokhuni, ngamapulangwe amancane oboya bezinkuni noma anezikhala zomhlanga).
  2. Usilingi wengilazi (osilingi bengilazi abanezingxenye eziphambanayo zikakhonkolo, ezineziphambano zensimbi noma ezineziphambano zokhuni).
  3. Usilingi wensimbi (osilingi bezintambo zocingo, usilingi wensimbi, usilingi wensimbi oweluliwe, usilingi wamashidi anezimbobo).
  4. Usilingi wokhuni (ophahleni owenziwe ngamapulangwe, ngezilayiti zokhuni, ezixhumene ngokhuni, ezinamaphaneli oboya okhuni angalukiwe, namaphaneli okhuni amunca umsindo)

Isilingi sezakhiwo ze-mezzanine, ikakhulukazi ezinamathiselwe, zingathuthukisa ukwahlukanisa kusuka kumsindo odluliswa emoyeni nasezinyathelweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bangakwazi ukwandisa ukufakwa kwe-thermal. Nokho, lokhu akusasetshenziswa namuhla.

Izihloko ezihlobene: izakhiwo zamapulangwe ezithwala imithwalo, ukuxhumana kwezingodo, ugodo kanye nokwenziwa kwamawindi nezicabha zamapulangwe.