Izwi rekuti “mezzanine chimiro” rinowanzo shandiswa mumamiriro einjiniya yezvimiro uye zvivakwa. Rinoreva hurongwa hunoshandiswa kutsigira sirin’i pakati peuriri hwechivako. Iyo mezzanine chimiro chinoita basa rinokosha mukugadzikana uye kutakura mutoro wezvivakwa. Kusarudzwa kwezvinhu uye rudzi rwechimiro chemezzanine zvinoenderana nezvinhu zvakasiyana, kusanganisira chinangwa chechivakwa, kureba kwayo, bhajeti, makodhi ekuvaka emunharaunda uye zvimwe zvinodiwa zvehunyanzvi.

Chikamu chezvivakwa zvemezzanine

Kupatsanurwa kwezvivakwa zvemezzanine zvinogona kuitwa zvinoenderana nemaitiro masisitimu, kana zvinoenderana nemidziyo yavanoitwa. Inovaka masisitimu ezvimiro zvemezzanine ndeaya: vaults, plate mezzanine zvimiro, danda mezzanine zvimiro, sirin’i uye sirin’i. Kupatsanurwa kwezvivakwa zvemezzanine zvinoenderana nemidziyo yavanogadzirwa ndeiyi: mavhavha akagadzirwa nematombo echisikigo, mezzanine zvivakwa zvekongiri uye zvidhinha, mezzanine kuvaka kwezvidhinha, mezzanine kuvaka kwekongiri yakasimbiswa, simbi mezzanine zvivakwa uye matanda mezzanine zvivakwa.

Nhasi, zvivakwa zvemezzanine zvinowanzoitwa sefurati yakasimbiswa kongiri slab, izere neTM blocks kana seFERT mezzanine kuvaka.

Mezzanine zvimiro zvakagadzirwa nekongiri uye zvidhinha zvakagadzirwa nezvinhu zvinosunga

Iwo akakosha masisitimu emezzanine zvimiro zveboka iri anosanganisira:

  1. Flat yakasimbiswa kongiri mezzanine zvivakwa zvakaitwa muformwork (AB mezzanine zvivakwa muchimiro mahwendefa, howa mezzanine zvivakwa, yakasimbiswa ceramic mezzanine zvivakwa).
  2. Yakasimbiswa kongiri ribbed mezzanine zvivakwa zvakagadzirwa muformwork (ribbed zvivakwa, yakanaka-ribbed zvivakwa)
  3. Matanda uye T-chikamu matanda ekuvakwa mezzanine
  4. Vaults yakagadzirwa nekongiri kana zvidhinha zvematombo ekugadzira (asina kuitwa nhasi)
  5. Mezzanine zvivakwa zvinogadzirwa nesimbi inotakura zvinhu zvakagadzirwa mumusangano pakati pematanda ekongiri (MK yakagadzirwa neAB solid slabs nematanda, MK yakagadzirwa neAB hollow slabs, MK yakagadzirwa negomba mahwendefa eceramic)
  6. Mezzanine zvivakwa zvakagadzirwa ne prefab matanda ane infill zvinhu

Vashandi vanodururira kongiri yemezzanine slab pamusoro pekusimbisa uye fomu

Mufananidzo1-Kudururira furati yakasimbiswa kongiri slab ye mezzanine chimiro

Mezzanine zvidhinha zvivakwa

Zvivako zvakadaro zve mezzanine hazvisati zvaitwa, asi zvinozotaurwa kuti ndezvipi zvivakwa zvemezzanine zvakagadzirwa nechinhu ichi. Nekudaro, chimwe chinhu pamusoro pezvidhinha pachacho chinogona kuverengwa mu chinyorwa chinotevera.

Pakutanga, zvivakwa zveceramic mezzanine zvakasimbiswa, ribbed mezzanine zvivakwa nekuzadza zvidhinha, mezzanine zvivakwa nematanda ezvidhinha uye zvidhinha zvivharo zvakaitwa.

Mezzanine zvivakwa zvakagadzirwa negirazi

Kushandiswa kwemezzanine zvivakwa zverudzi urwu kunobvumirwa chete kusirin’i (ceiling) skylights, pamwe nekuvhara nzvimbo inogarwa ne skylights, nezvimwewo nekutakura mitoro isingasviki 500 kPa, asi kwete yemezzanine zvivakwa zvezvivakwa kana zvesirin’i zvechivanze chepasi. Mezzanine magadzirirwo egirazi anosanganisira: yakasimbiswa MK yakagadzirwa nekongiri yakasimbiswa uye mabhuroko egirazi, MK yakagadzirwa nemabhuroko egirazi mumafuremu esimbi akaumbwa uye sirin’i yegirazi.

Panera regirazi remukati mukati rinobatanidza maonero nepasi pazasi

Mufananidzo 2 - Girazi mezzanine kuvakwa

Mezzanine zvimiro zvakagadzirwa neFERT matanda

Idzi mhando dzekugadzira mezzanine dzinowanzo shandiswa nhasi, nekuti dzinokurumidza uye dzakavimbika. Mutoro unotamiswa neFERT matanda, ane kusimbiswa kwawo, uye kuzadza kweiyi mezzanine chimiro chinoumbwa neFERT blocks, izvo zvisingatamisi mutoro kubva kune mezzanine chimiro kumadziro akapoteredza. 

FERT piles, Ceramic infill blocks uye kusimbaradza usati wagadzira

Mufananidzo 3 - FERT mezzanine kuvaka (FERT matanda uye infill block)

Simbi mezzanine zvimiro

Pakuzadzwa kwezvivakwa zve mezzanine, zvinenge zvese zvimiro zvekongiri zvakanyorwa pasi pemezzanine zvivakwa zvekongiri zvinotariswa, uko panzvimbo pematanda ekongiri (akafanogadzirwa kana kugadzirwa panzvimbo) anoshandiswa simbi inotsigisa. Mezzanine zvivakwa zvesimbi zvinosanganisira: MK yakagadzirwa nesimbi I-profiles, MK yakagadzirwa nesimbi inotsigisa, MK yakagadzirwa neshizha simbi. Zvimwe zvishoma nezve chimiro chesimbi pachacho chinogona kuwanikwa mu chinyorwa chinotevera.

Simbi mezzanine chimiro chine zvitsigiso zvinotsigirwa pamakoramu

Mufananidzo 4 - Simbi mezzanine chimiro

Pazasi maonerwo emagidhi esimbi ane ndiro inozadza chimiro chemezzanine

Mufananidzo 5 - Simbi mezzanine chimiro chine mapuranga kuzadza mapaneru

Simbi yembabvu mezzanine chimiro chine pepa rakanyorwa

Mufananidzo 6 - Simbi ribbed mezzanine chimiro

Zvivakwa zvehuni mezzanine

Mezzanine zvivakwa zvehuni zvinosanganisira: MK yematanda akasimba (MK ane uriri hwepakati, MK yezvidhinha zvakareruka, MK ine bofu pasi uye ruzha rwekuvharisa mutsindo, semi-massive MK), MK ye clapboards uye MK yemaviri mapango (yapamusoro uye sirin’i).

Pamezzanine zvivakwa zvine mezzanine, pakuvaka mezzanine, mapaneru akagadzirwa nematanda, plaster yeParis, mabhodhi akareruka akagadzirwa nemvere dzematanda, nezvimwe. Semi-massive mezzanine zvimiro zvakafukidzwa ingave yakatetepa waya mesh nezvidimbu zvevhu rakabikwa mumajoini, iyo izere nekongiri, kana iyo yakafukidzwa negomba yakasimbiswa kongiri slabs. Mezzanine zvivakwa zvakagadzirwa nemapuranga, pamwe chete neI-matanda, anoshandiswa kunyanya kuchengetedza pamatanda, uye zvivakwa zvakagadzirwa nematanda maviri kuti awedzere kudzivirirwa kubva kune ruzha runopfuudzwa nemhepo uye kubva pakukanganisa kana uchifamba.

Mapango emezzanine neplate formwork mukuvakwa kwechivako

Mufananidzo 7 - Kuvakwa kwemapuranga mezzanine

Masirin’i nemasirin’i

Madenga anosanganisira:

  1. Sirin’i dzakanamirwa (maceiling akagadzirwa newaya mesh, ane mambure esimbi chaiwo senheyo yenamo, akarukana matanda, nemapuranga matete emvere dzemakwai kana mesh yetsanga).
  2. Sirin’i dzegirazi (masirin’i egirazi ane kongiri-pachinjiro, ane simbi dzakachinjika-zvikamu kana nemapuranga emuchinjikwa).
  3. Sirin’i dzesimbi (masirin’i ewaya mesh, sirin’i dzemambure esimbi, sirin’i yakatambanudzwa, sirin’i yemapepa ane maburi).
  4. Sirin’i dzehuni (masirin’i akagadzirwa nemapuranga, masiraidhi emapuranga, ane matanda akarukana, ane mapuranga emvere dzemakushe asina kunyungudutswa, ane tambo dzehuni dzinotora inzwi).

Sirin’i zvemezzanine zvimiro, kunyanya zvakanamirwa, zvinogona kuvandudza insulation kubva kukurira kunofambiswa nemhepo uye kubva kutsoka. Mukuwedzera, vanogona kuwedzera kupisa kwekushisa. Zvisinei, izvi hazvichashandiswi nhasi.

Misoro inoenderana: magadzirirwo ematanda anotakura mitoro, kukochekera matanda, matanda uye kugadzirwa kwemahwindo nemagonhi ematanda.