Lo lus “interstory structure” feem ntau yog siv rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev tsim vaj tsev thiab architecture. Nws hais txog cov txheej txheem siv los txhawb lub qab nthab ntawm cov plag tsev ntawm lub tsev. Cov qauv mezzanine plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ruaj ntseg thiab kev thauj khoom muaj peev xwm ntawm cov tsev. Kev xaiv ntawm cov khoom siv thiab hom mezzanine qauv nyob ntawm ntau yam, nrog rau lub hom phiaj ntawm lub tsev, nws qhov siab, pob nyiaj siv, cov cai hauv zos thiab lwm yam kev cai.

Division of mezzanine constructions

Kev faib ntawm mezzanine kev tsim kho tuaj yeem ua raws li cov txheej txheem, lossis raws li cov ntaub ntawv uas lawv tau tsim. Constructive systems ntawm mezzanine lug yog: vaults, phaj mezzanine lug, beam mezzanine lug, ceilings thiab ceilings. Kev faib cov mezzanine tsim raws li cov ntaub ntawv uas lawv tau ua yog: vaults ua los ntawm tej yam ntuj tso pob zeb, mezzanine kev tsim kho ntawm pob zeb thiab blocks, mezzanine tsim ntawm cib, mezzanine kev tsim kho ntawm cov pob zeb, steel mezzanine kev tsim kho thiab ntoo mezzanine kev tsim kho.

Niaj hnub no, kev tsim kho mezzanine feem ntau tau ua raws li lub tiaj tiaj tiaj tiaj tiaj tiaj, ntim nrog TM blocks lossis ua FERT mezzanine siv.

Mezzanine cov qauv ua los ntawm cov pob zeb thiab cov blocks ua los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv khi

Cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm mezzanine cov qauv ntawm pawg no suav nrog:

  1. Kev tsim kho vaj tse hauv vaj tse hauv tsev ua haujlwm (AB mezzanine kev tsim kho hauv daim phiaj, nceb mezzanine kev tsim kho, kev tsim kho ceramic mezzanine).
  2. Reinforced qhob ribbed mezzanine kev tsim ua hauv formwork (ribbed constructions, fine-ribbed constructions)
  3. Beams thiab T-section beams ntawm mezzanine kev tsim kho
  4. Vaults ua los ntawm pob zeb lossis blocks ntawm cov pob zeb dag (tsis ua hnub no)
  5. Mezzanine kev tsim kho ua los ntawm kev cob qhia-ua phaj bearing ntsiab ntawm cov pob zeb ua vaj tse (MK los ntawm AB khoom phaj thiab kab teeb, MK los ntawm AB hollow slabs, MK los ntawm hollow ceramic daim hlau)
  6. Mezzanine kev tsim kho ua los ntawm prefabricated kab teeb nrog cov ntsiab lus

Cov neeg ua hauj lwm pouring reinforced pob zeb mezzanine slab tshaj qhov reinforcement thiab formwork

Image 1 - Pouring ntawm lub tiaj tiaj reinforced pob zeb slab ntawm mezzanine qauv

Mezzanine cib siv

Cov kev tsim kho mezzanine no tsis tau ua lawm, tab sis nws yuav tau hais txog yam kev tsim kho mezzanine tau ua los ntawm cov khoom siv no. Txawm li cas los xij, ib yam dab tsi ntxiv txog cov cib lawv tus kheej tuaj yeem nyeem hauv cov ntawv txuas ntxiv.

Kev tsim kho cov pob zeb ceramic mezzanine, ribbed mezzanine kev tsim kho nrog cib txhaws, mezzanine tsim nrog cib kab teeb thiab cib vaults yav dhau los.

Mezzanine iav siv

Kev siv mezzanine kev tsim kho ntawm hom no tsuas yog tso cai rau lub qab nthab (ceiling) skylights, nrog rau kev npog qhov chaw nyob los ntawm skylights, thiab lwm yam nrog txav loads tsawg dua 500 kPa, tab sis tsis yog rau mezzanine cov qauv ntawm cov tsev lossis rau cov laj kab hauv qab. Mezzanine tsim los ntawm iav muaj xws li: reinforced MK ua los ntawm cov pob zeb thiab iav blocks, MK ua los ntawm iav blocks nyob rau hauv cam khwb cia hlau thav ntawv thiab iav ceilings.

Ib lub iav pem teb vaj huam sib luag rau sab hauv txuas qhov pom rau hauv pem teb hauv qab

Duab 2 - iav mezzanine siv

Mezzanine cov qauv ua los ntawm FERT kab teeb

Cov kev tsim kho mezzanine no feem ntau siv niaj hnub no, vim tias lawv ceev thiab txhim khu kev qha. Lub load yog pauv los ntawm FERT kab teeb, uas muaj lawv tus kheej qhov cuab lub zog, thiab cov filling ntawm no mezzanine qauv yog tsim los ntawm FERT blocks, uas tsis hloov lub load los ntawm lub mezzanine qauv mus rau ib ncig ntawm lub phab ntsa. 

FERT piles, ceramic infill blocks and reinforcement before concreting

Duab 3 - FERT mezzanine siv (FERT kab teeb thiab infill blocks)

Steel mezzanine structures

Rau kev sau cov kev tsim kho mezzanine, yuav luag tag nrho cov txheej txheem pob zeb uas tau teev tseg nyob rau hauv mezzanine tsim los ntawm cov pob zeb los rau hauv kev txiav txim siab, qhov twg es tsis txhob ntawm cov kab teeb (prefabricated lossis ua rau ntawm qhov chaw) steel kev txhawb nqa yog siv. Mezzanine cov qauv ua los ntawm cov hlau muaj xws li: MK ua los ntawm steel I-profiles, MK ua los ntawm lub teeb steel txhawb nqa, MK ua los ntawm cov ntawv hlau. Ib me ntsis ntxiv txog cov qauv hlau nws tus kheej tuaj yeem pom hauv ** cov ntawv txuas ntxiv**.

Steel mezzanine structure with supported on columns

Duab 4 - Steel mezzanine qauv

Kab qab saib ntawm steel girders nrog phaj filling ntawm mezzanine qauv

Daim duab 5 - Hlau mezzanine qauv nrog ntoo vaj huam sib luag filling

Rib steel mezzanine qauv nrog profiled sheet

Image 6 - Steel ribbed mezzanine structure

Ntoo mezzanine constructions

Mezzanine kev tsim los ntawm cov ntoo muaj xws li: MK ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob (MK nrog nruab nrab hauv pem teb, MK ntawm lub teeb ci ci, MK nrog lub qhov muag tsis pom hauv pem teb thiab suab rwb thaiv tsev txheej, ib nrab loj MK), MK ntawm clapboards thiab MK ntawm ob kab teeb (ntev thiab qab nthab).

Ntawm mezzanine kev tsim kho nrog mezzanine, rau kev tsim kho ntawm mezzanines, panels ua los ntawm ntoo, plaster ntawm paris, lub teeb boards ua los ntawm ntoo ntaub plaub, thiab lwm yam. Semi-loj loj mezzanine lug yog them nrog ib tug slender hlau mesh nrog pieces ntawm ci av nplaum nyob rau hauv cov pob qij txha, uas yog sau nrog pob zeb, los yog lawv yog them nrog hollow reinforced pob zeb slabs. Mezzanine kev tsim ua los ntawm cov phiaj xwm, nrog rau I-beams, feem ntau yog siv los txuag cov ntoo, thiab cov khoom tsim los ntawm ob kab teeb kom muaj kev tiv thaiv ob qho tib si los ntawm lub suab xa los ntawm huab cua thiab los ntawm kev cuam tshuam thaum taug kev.

Nov mezzanine beams and plate formwork in the building of the building

Daim duab 7 - Ntoo mezzanine siv

Qab nthab thiab qab nthab

Cov qab nthab suav nrog:

  1. Pasted (plastered) ceilings (qab nthab ua los ntawm hlau mesh, nrog ntshiab hlau mesh ua lub hauv paus rau kua nplaum, nrog interweaving ntawm ntoo sticks, nrog nyias boards ntawm ntoo ntaub plaub los yog reed mesh).
  2. Cov iav qab nthab (cov iav qab nthab nrog cov pob zeb sib tsoo, nrog cov hlaws hlau lossis nrog cov ntoo hlais).
  3. Hlau ceilings (hlau mesh ceilings, steel mesh ceilings, stretched hlau ceilings, perforated sheet ceilings).
  4. Ntoo ceilings (qab nthab ua los ntawm planks, ntoo slats, nrog ntoo interlacing, nrog unglued ntoo wool panels, nrog suab-absorbing ntoo fiber panels).

Qab nthab ntawm mezzanine cov qauv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov pasted, tuaj yeem txhim kho kev rwb thaiv tsev ob qho tib si los ntawm lub suab kis los ntawm huab cua thiab los ntawm cov ko taw. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv tuaj yeem nce thermal rwb thaiv tsev. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsis siv niaj hnub no.

Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb: txhawb cov qauv ntoo, tug ntoo links, lub tsev thiab kev tsim cov qhov rais thiab qhov rooj.