Inothi Lokuvikeleka Elibalulekile: Lona umbhalo wezemfundo ofakwe kungobo yomlando ovela2017. unyaka, hhayi iphrojekthi noma imiyalelo yesimanje yokufakwa okuzimele kwama-gutters. Umsebenzi wophahla kanye nesitebhisi, ukusika, ukubhoboza, ukugoqa, ukusoda, amalangabi avulekile nezincibilikisi kuthwala izingozi zokuwa, umlilo, ukulimala nokuchayeka okuyingozi. Izinto zomlando ezishiwo kanye nezingubo zokumboza akufanele zisetshenziswe ngaphandle kokuhlola imithethonqubo yanamuhla kanye nemiyalelo yomkhiqizi. Ubukhulu nemisebenzi kufanele inikezwe abaklami abaqeqeshiwe kanye nosonkontileka. Izithombe nemidwebo ziyimifanekiso futhi azimeli amaphrojekthi aqinisekisiwe we-Savo Kusić.
Ama-gutters nemisebenzi yokufulela akuyona ingxenye yesipho esisha senkampani. Ukukhiqiza kwamanje kugxile ngamafasitela okhuni, amafasitela okhuni-aluminium kanye neminyango yangokwezifiso. Ngewindi elithile noma iphrojekthi yomnyango, ungathumela isicelo sekhotheshini.
Kungani ama-gutter abalulekile
Ama-Gutters aphakathi kwezinto zokugcina ezizofakwa esakhiweni. Uma izimali zokwakha seziphelile, lezi zinto ezibonakala zingabalulekile ngezinye izikhathi azithengwa futhi zifakwe ngokushesha.
Isakhiwo singase sibukeke siphelile ngaphandle kwamagatha, kodwa amanzi aphuma ophahleni abe esewela eduze kwezindonga, amanzise inhlabathi futhi afinyelele ezindongeni ezithwala imithwalo. Ingxenye yamanzi igxumagxuma isuka phansi, imanzise udonga kanye nokhonkolo ngaphezu kokufakwayo, ukuze kubonakale izimpawu zomswakama, ukhonkolo liwe bese ingaphakathi libe manzi.
Ukulimala kanye nezimbobo ku-gutter kungabangela ukuvuza ezindaweni ezizungezile, uphahla kanye nezindonga zangaphandle, kanye nemikhondo kapende nokugqwala. Umbhalo wokuqala uchaza umonakalo onjalo njengokulula ukulungisa kunomswakama osezindongeni zesisekelo.
Izinto ze-Gutter kanye nosayizi
Njengezinto zokwenza amagatha, ishidi lensimbi eliwugqinsi olungu-0,5 mm, okungavamile ukuba libe ithani noma ishidi le-aluminium elinogqinsi olungu-0,7 mm, kanye nezinto zepulasitiki.
Isibalo sangempela sisekelwe esilinganisweni ngokuya ngokuthi iyiphi ingxenye yegroove engu-1 cm² edingekayo ukuze kukhishwe indawo yophahla 1 m². Izakhi ze-Gutter zigotshwe kusukela kumakhasi ayisicaba.
Imicu yokuqalisa iyasikwa ukuze kungabikho izingcezu zikadoti ezidalekayo ebhodini 1.000 × 2.000 mm ebhodini. Ububanzi bomugqa wegroove othuthukisiwe obujwayelekile bufakwe kuhlu 250, 333, 400 kanye nokuthi 500 mm. Omaki bodoti bahambisana nobubanzi obuvezwe ngamasentimitha: 25, 33, 40 kanye no-50.
Ububanzi obudingekayo be-groove bunqunywa ngokuya ngemithambeka kanye nokuqagela okuvundlile kwendawo yophahla, kusetshenziswa ithebula elisuka kusihloko sokuqala.
Ishadi Lokufaka kungobo yomlando — Kunconywe Ububanzi Be-Gutter Encane.
Amadolo angathengwa njengezakhi ezenziwe ngomumo. Endabeni yophahla olulodwa noluphindwe kabili, iziphetho zamapayipi ngokuvamile zidinga ukuvalwa. Ishidi lokugcina le-tin noma i-galvanized steel sheet liyasikwa, ligobe, ligoqwe onqenqemeni futhi lihlanganiswe nge-soldering noma inhlanganisela ye-soldering ne-riveting.
Ithebula elisuka emthonjeni linikeza inani lama-rivets wokuxhumanisa izici zamathegi25,33,40futhi50: ngokulandelana6,7,9futhi13iyaqhuma.
Ithebula lengobo yomlando — inombolo edingekayo yama-rivets.
Umdwebo wokufaka kungobo yomlando — izici zesistimu yokukhipha amanzi ophahleni.
Ukuxhumana, ukuthambeka kanye nokuhlola i-gutter evundlile
Ngemva kokufaka, i-gutter kufanele ihlolwe ngamanzi. Ikakhulukazi, kufanele kunqunywe ukuthi kukhona yini ukucindezelwa okugcina amanzi, ngoba amanzi ayinsalela angalimaza ngokushesha insimbi yeshidi.
Umbhalo wangempela usho umdwebo waminyaka yonke wawo wonke ama-gutter namahhuku, ngaphandle kwezingxenye ezenziwe ngeshidi likathayela. Izakhi zihlanganiswa ngokugoqa, ukugoqa kanye ne-soldering. Ukugoqa umphetho ongaphezulu ongaphandle kususa umphetho ocijile futhi kuqinisa izakhi ukusuka ku-1 kuye ku-2 m.
Okungenani ukugqagqana okungu-3–4 cm kucacisiwe uma kuhlanjululwa. Isici esiseduze nepayipi lokudonsa sibekwe kusukela phansi. Ngaphambi kwe-riveting, ngokusho kombhalo wokuqala, izindawo zokuthintana ziboshwe ngengxube ye-putty ne-minium; le nto yomlando kufanele ihlolwe ngokwemithetho yezokuphepha yanamuhla.
I-gutter kufanele ibe nendawo eyehlelayo kancane ngasepayipini lokudonsa amanzi elingu-2–3 mm ngemitha ende. Ukuthambekela kufinyelelwa ngokuma okulungile kwe-hip futhi kuhlolwe ngombusi omude kanye nezinga lomoya. I-slat ibonisa ihuku okungenzeka iphakanyisiwe noma eyehlisiwe.
Amahhuku kufanele abe nama-arcs alinganayo. Unqenqema lwangaphakathi lomsele, olubheke odongeni, lubekwe phezulu kancane ukuze luvikele udonga ekuchaphazeni. Amahhuku anamathiselwe ngama-rivets noma ngezikulufu zokhuni emaphethelweni angaphezulu amapulanga.
Amaphiko ensimbi engxenyeni engaphandle yehuku ejikela ekujikeni kwe-gutter. Kufanele bayibambe iqine iqonde enguqulweni, kodwa futhi bavumele ukushelela kwe-longitudinal ngenxa yokwanda kokushisa.
Amapayipi amanzi amile
Amanzi asuka kugubhu ovundlile awela ngasemseleni aphuma ngamapayipi amile aya epayipini eliqoqayo noma phansi. Ipayipi eliqondile lixhuma endaweni engakwesokunxele ngokukhethekile engxenyeni evundlile.
Ngokwesihloko sangempela, ububanzi bepayipi eliqondile lilingana nohhafu noma amakota amathathu obubanzi bengxenye evundlile. Amapayipi obude 2–3 m ahlanganiswa ngokufaka ipayipi eliphezulu 4–8 cm kweliphansi. Anamathiselwe odongeni ngezinsimbi, futhi izisekelo zidayiswa ngaphezu kwezinsimbi ukuze zingasheleli.
Amadolo enziwe ngezingcezu ezimbalwa. Ukuhlukana phakathi kwezingxenye eziyisicaba akufanele kudlule 30°. Ukuze ugweme ukufinyela kwesigaba, ucezu oluxhumayo olunwetshiwe lubekwa lapho kuphuka khona.
I-downspout kufanele ikhiphe amanzi kude nodonga futhi yehlise isivinini samanzi awela phansi. Umthombo uchaza izici zokudonsa amanzi ezikhonkolo njengezingabizi, ezilungisekayo futhi kulula ukuzihlanza.
Amapayipi ayisikwele namapayipi angangena kangcono ekubukekeni kwesakhiwo sesimanje futhi afakwe ukuze kubonakale uhlangothi lwangaphambili kuphela. Ububi babo ukuthi umonakalo ngezinye izikhathi ubonakala kuphela lapho udonga luba manzi.
Izithango ezivikelayo eqhweni nasemfucumfucwini nazo zingaba zesistimu. Abakaki abamise okwe-L babekwa ophahleni njalo 2–3 m, futhi izinti zensimbi ezinobubanzi obungu-5–8 mm zinamathiselwe kuzo ngemigqa emithathu noma emine. Indima yabo ukuvimbela amaqabunga namagatsha ukuthi angafinyeleli kumsele kanye nokushelela kweqhwa okungaze kuklebhule umsele.
Ukuhlanza nokulungiswa kwezingxenye ezilimele
Umonakalo ovame kakhulu kumbhalo womthombo uhlotshaniswa nokulungiswa okungavamile. Ngesikhathi sokuwa kwamaqabunga, ama-gutters kufanele ahlanzwe kaningi, ngoba amaqabunga awile angalimaza upende kanye nezingqimba zamathini. Ithuluzi lokuhlanza elisizayo lingabunjwa ngokwengxenye ye-gutter.
Umfanekiso — amaqabunga anqwabelene angaphazamisa ukugeleza kwamanzi.
Ama-Gutters enziwe ngeshidi elingafakwanga lensimbi ayelulekwa ukuthi apendwe ngesikhathi esifudumele sasehlobo. Ngemva kokuba upende lomile, uhlelo lugcwaliswa ngamanzi ahlanzekile ukuze kuhlolwe ukugeleza. Uma amanzi ehlala emigodini, izingwegwe ezingaphansi kwazo ziyaphakanyiswa ukuze kubuyiselwe igutter endaweni yayo efanele.
Amalunga aphinde avalwe kabusha noma athengiswa njengoba kudingeka. Amapayipi aqondile achazwa njengokuhlanza ngentambo egobile.
Umthombo uvala okwesikhashana izimbobo ezincane nge-putty, bese uthengisa umugqa weshidi elithayiwe phezu kwezimbobo ezinkulu ezingaphandle. Izindawo ezinkulu ezilimele ziyasikwa futhi zivalwe ngeziqephu ezivela ngaphandle. Ipheshi limbozwe, liyacijiswa futhi okungenani linama-laps angu-1,5 cm zinhlangothi zonke. I-epoxy noma i-universal automotive putty iyashiwo.
Uma kudingeka ukushintshwa kwengxenye ephelele, amakhanda e-rivet akhishwa ezinhlangothini zombili, ingxenye eyonakele ikhishwa eceleni, futhi izimbobo engxenyeni entsha zimakwa ngokuvumelana nezingxenye eziseduze. Bese leyo ngxenye ibhobolwa, ivalwe, ihlanjululwe futhi ithengiswe.
Lapho ushintsha ingxenye yepayipi eliqondile, izingxenye ezingaphezulu komonakalo kufanele zilungiswe ukuze zingasheleli. Izingxenye ze-Aluminium zichazwa njengezilungisekayo ngoku-riveting, nezingxenye zepulasitiki ngokunamathisela nangokushisela.
Gutter assembly
Ngaphambi kokuhlanganiswa, izingwegwe zigotshwa ngendlela edingekayo. Umthombo usho ibanga elilinganayo ukusuka80-100 cmnokubopha ngezipikili ezimbili80noma ngezikulufo ezimbili zokhuni5×50 mmenekhanda eliphansi, emaphethelweni angaphezulu ezimpondo.
Ithebula lengobo yomlando — izici zesistimu nobukhulu bazo.
Umdwebo wokufaka kungobo yomlando — indawo yezinto ezivundlile nezime mpo.
Lapho izingwegwe zifakiwe, umthamo omncane ulungiswa ngokugoba2-3‰, leyo2-3 mmiwela kumitha edingekayo ngasepayipini lokudonsa amanzi. Unqenqema lwangaphandle lomsele lubizwa ngokuthi5 mmeliphansi kunelingaphakathi, futhi umehluko phakathi konqenqema lwangaphakathi lomsele kanye nonqenqema lophahla luncane kakhulu.25 mm.
Ngaphambi kokuhlanganisa izakhi, i-tape yokuvala i-PVC yefektri iyahlolwa. Umthombo uchaza ukuhlanza, ukugeza ngophethiloli kanye nokunamathisela kabusha itheyiphu ekhululiwe. Ngenxa yengozi yomlilo, ukubhema namalangabi avulekile akuvunyelwe phakathi nomsebenzi onjalo; umsebenzi wesimanje kufanele ulandele imiyalelo nomkhiqizi wamanje kanye nemithetho yezincibilikitsi ezivuthayo.
Izakhi zixhunywe ngamakholomu: ukuphela okunganwetshiwe komunye kungena ekugcineni okunwetshiwe komunye, ekuqondeni kokuphuma kwamanzi. Umphimbo nedolo kusuka90° xhuma nesiphetho esinganwetshiwe noma ukuvala kwangaphakathi. I-fastener yangaphandle isetshenziswa ekugcineni okungavuthisiwe.
Ukudweba kungobo yomlando — amalunga, izindololwane kanye nokulungisa ubude bezinto.
Izingcezu ezimfushane zisikwa ngesaha kusuka ezintweni ezinwetshiwe ohlangothini olulodwa noma zombili, futhi indawo yomgexo ibunjwe ngefayela. Ngokombhalo wangempela, imiphetho engezansi yezikhala ezicutshunguliwe kufanele zihlukaniswe 240 mm eduze kwe-arc ye-gutter, engahlolwa nge-tape yephepha.
Khipha amapayipi enziwe ngezinto zepulasitiki
Umthombo uchaza amapayipi okukhipha amanzi e-PVC ngezinhlangothi ezimbili. Ipayipi elithi 90 mm liqhathaniswa nepayipi lethini lophawu 33, kanye nepayipi 110 mm elinepayipi eliwuphawu 50.
Isisindo esilula, ukumelana nokugqwala kanye nokungabikho kwesidingo sokupenda nokugcinwa kahle kubalulwe njengezinzuzo. Isimangalo sokuthi azikho iziqu ezikhethekile ezidingekayo ekufakweni akufanele zihunyushwe njengokuthatha indawo yokuhlolwa kokuphepha nokuhlolwa kwamakhono.
Isibalo sisekelwe ekubonisweni okuvundlile kophahla. Ngokwedatha yoqobo, ipayipi elithi 90 mm lingadonsa amanzi endaweni 60–65 m², kanye nepayipi 110 mm indawo 110–130 m². Inani lamapayipi linqunywa ngokusekelwe endaweni ephelele.
Ukufakwa kwamapayipi amanzi epulasitiki
Amapayipi okukhipha amanzi angaba “nentamo yedada” noma angabi nayo. Izindololwane ezimbili ze-45° zicaciswe intamo yedada. Izindololwane ezifanayo zisetshenziselwa i-outlet ephansi.
Inhlanganisela yezinto ezinwetshiwe kanye nedolo kuhanjiswa indandatho yerabha. Iziphetho ezingenazo imiphetho ebukhali futhi indandatho iboshwe ngamanzi anensipho. Izingxenye ziyahlanganiswa, bese zihlukaniswa ukuze 5–8 mm ihlale phakathi kwazo ngenxa yokwanda kwezinga lokushisa. Amafutha awasetshenziswa ngoba, ngokombhalo, alimaza irabha.
Ngemva kokusika, iziphetho ezicijile ziyasuswa noma zisikwe nge-engeli engu-30° ngobude obungu-5 mm, ukuze isiphetho sepayipi singaphushi iringi yerabha.
Ipayipi lokudonsa amanzi linamathiselwe odongeni ngebanga eliphakeme 2 m ngezinzipho ezikhethekile, izinsimbi nezikulufi. Ibanga elincane phakathi kodonga nepayipi licaciswe ngokuthi 15 mm. Indawo engaphansi nayo ivikelwe nge-clamp, kuyilapho i-slab kakhonkolo emise okukhethekile inciphisa amandla amanzi aphumayo.
Ukuphepha kokufakwa
I-athikili yoqobo ikhuluma ngokufakwa kwamagridi avimbela iqhwa ngokuhambisana nokufakwa kwama-gutter ku-gable nophahla lwamatende. Iqhwa elimanzi elishelela kungazelelwe lisuka ophahleni lingabangela ukulimala okubi kakhulu kanye nomonakalo kuthango.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiziphi izinyathelo zomlando kanye nezinqubo embhalweni, ukufinyelela ophahleni, ukuvikelwa kokuwa, ukulayishwa kwesakhiwo, ukusebenza ngamathuluzi nezincibilikisi kanye nokuvikelwa kwendawo engaphansi kwemisebenzi kufanele kuhlelwe ngokuvumelana nemithethonqubo esebenzayo nemibandela yesakhiwo esithile.