Namuhla, i-Savo Kusić igxile emafasiteleni okhuni, amafasitela okhuni-aluminium, amafasitela ngokwezifiso, umnyango kanye nezicelo zekhotheshini. Lo mbhalo uhlala uyingobo yomlando yokuthuthukisa ikhaya futhi awusona isithembiso sokuklama, ukwenza, noma ukugada ukuguqulwa kwe-attic.
Ukuhlela igumbi le-attic
Imfuneko eyisisekelo yokunethezeka indawo eyanele. Ezakhiweni zomndeni, kungenzeka ukwandisa isikhala ngokusebenzisa indawo ye-attic encane futhi edingekayo ukuze kwakhiwe igumbi le-mansard.
Izitezi, ukuvikela umlilo noshimula
Iqala ngokulungisa kabusha nokuqinisa izitebhisi. Ngenkathi ukujula okufanele kwezitezi30, kanye nokuphakama15 cm, ezitebhisini eziya ku-attic siphinde sihlangane nobude bazo22-25 cmngokujula kuyo yonke into12 cmokuyiso iso6 cmibekwe ngaphansi kwesinyathelo esilandelayo (isib.1, ingxenye a). Uma izitebhisi ze-attic ziwumqansa kakhulu, kufanele kucatshangelwe ukuthi kungenzeka ukwakha izitebhisi ezintsha, mhlawumbe ngaphandle kwesakhiwo esimbozwe ngamashidi kathayela wezinto zokwenziwa. Kunoma yikuphi, imfuneko eyisisekelo ukuthi izitebhisi zinezinyathelo ezinhle zokuhlambalaza nezingasheleli. I-railing kufanele inwebe yonke indlela eya endlini engaphansi ukuze kuvinjwe othile ukuthi angawi phansi ezitebhisini.
Endleleni ephansi yesitebhisi se-attic, esitezi esingaphansi, umnyango ongenamlilo (ogqoke ngensimbi yensimbi) kufanele ufakwe ukuze uhlangabezane nemithetho yokuphepha komlilo. Kunconywa ukumboza umnyango ongenamlilo ngezinto ezingashi kodwa ezihlobisa, okuyi-insulator eshisayo ne-acoustic (uboya bengilazi, njll.).
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulawula nokunciphisa wonke ama-chimney, nokumboza labo abazobe bekhona endaweni yokuhlala ngamathayili e-ceramic ukuze bahlobise kakhulu futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, baphephe ngokuphathelene nomlilo. Umthetho ojwayelekile obalulekile ukubeka imfucumfucu ye-asbestos evikela ukushisa kanye ne-refractory, njll., phakathi kukashimula nezinto ezintsha zokuhlanganisa odongeni. Ifenisha, okhaphethi noma ezinye izinto ezivuthayo akumele zibekwe eduze kukashimula. Leyo ngxenye kufanele ibunjwe ukuze ibe uhlobo lwendawo yomlilo yamahhala.
Inothi Lokuphepha: Lona umbhalo womlando. Izinto ze-asbestos akufanele zisetshenziswe noma zicutshungulwe. Ukuguqulwa kwe-attic kungathinta umthamo wokuthwala umthwalo, ukuphepha komlilo, imizila yokuphuma, ama-chimneys kanye nokufakwa, ngakho-ke isimo esikhona kanye nesixazululo kufanele kuhlolwe ochwepheshe abagunyaziwe abafanelekile ngokwemithetho yamanje.
Ukwakhiwa kwamawindi nophahla
Kumelwe sinikeze iwindi lokukhanyisa kwemvelo kanye nokukhipha umoya. Uma udonga olulodwa lwekamelo lwakha udonga lwe-gable lwesikhala se-attic, khona-ke singabeka iwindi kulolo donga. Inqubo ingokulandelayo: ezindaweni lapho kuzobekwa khona umbundu ongaphezulu, umugqa owodwa wezitini kufanele ususwe ukuze siqale sisuse i-plaster eyomile eceleni kophahla, sibeke ibhodi lokunweba embundwini ongenhla bese siqhubeka nokulikhipha ngaphandle bese sibethela ibhodi ngokuphelele. Kusukela phezulu kuya phansi, izitini kufanele zisuswe endaweni yefasitela elizayo, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, ikholomu eyodwa yokusekela kufanele ibekwe engxenyeni engaphezulu kokuvula futhi ilungiswe okwesikhashana ngezikhonkwane ezimbili. Ekugcineni, sivula udonga kuyo yonke indawo (umkhiwane 1, ingxenye b.). Uma udonga lwegebula luwumugqa owodwa wezitini (udonga 12), kuyancomeka ukuthi ubhidlize lonke udonga bese ulwakha kabusha kokuthi 25 cm, noma okungcono kakhulu kokuthi 38 cm. Uhlaka lwefasitela seluvele lwakhiwe kulolu donga. Kufanele uqaphele kakhulu, ngoba ukubhidlika kodonga emgwaqeni kungase kubangele izingozi ezimbi kakhulu, futhi ukubhidlika kwezitini endaweni engaphansi ophahleni kungase kubangele ukubhodloka ophahleni.
Kuyicala eliyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu uma kungekho udonga lwe-attic oluhambisana nodonga lwe-gable, ngoba kuleso simo ukukhanyisa kufanele kuxazululwe ngefasitela le-attic. Umehluko phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili zama-mansards ukhonjiswe kahle kakhulu esithombeni1, ingxenye c.
SLIKA 1
Ukubuka okuningiliziwe kwefasitela le-dormer kunikezwa esithombeni no.2. Ukususwa kwesembozo sophahla kanye nokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo sophahla sefasitela le-mansard kufanele kunikezwe uchwepheshe. Umsebenzi uzoba lula uma amabanga phakathi kwama-cornices wesakhiwo sophahla makhulu, ngoba ifasitela lingafakwa phakathi kwama-cornices amabili ngaphandle kokuhamba (fig.2, ingxenye b). Kodwa, uma iwindi elibanzi lizobekwa, khona-ke isakhiwo sophahla kufanele sixazululwe ngokungezwa ngokomdwebo (Fig.2, ingxenye a).
SLIKA 2
Njengesixazululo se-compromise, iwindi elibanzi lingafakwa ukuze ama-corneas anganyakazi kodwa ashiywe phambi kwewindi. Yiqiniso, kulokhu, amaphiko efasitela angavulwa kuphela ngasensimini, futhi kuqinisekile ukuthi i-oblique cornice phakathi kwephiko lesobunxele nesokudla lefasitela akuyona isisombululo esihle kunazo zonke (mhlawumbe ingasetshenziselwa udonga lokuhlukanisa elingunxantathu elinebhodi lokufakelwa). Kubaluleke kakhulu ukubeka ama-gutters amancane engxenyeni engaphandle yophahla lwefasitela le-mansard, kanye nomsele wokudonsa amanzi empandeni.
Uhlaka lwamathambo, ukufakwa nokushisisa
Izindonga zegumbi le-mansard zingafakwa kuphela ngemva kokwenza uhlaka lwamathambo kusuka emishayweni 7,5 / 12 evikelwe ngaphambilini emlilweni. Eqinisweni, lokhu kuhlanganisa ekwandiseni inani lezisekelo zesakhiwo sophahla kanye nokuhlanganisa ezikhona ngaphakathi. Uhlangothi lwangaphakathi lwezisekelo zophahla kufanele lufakwe amabhodi anobubanzi obufanayo, kodwa kuphela 1/2“ - 1“ (12-24 mm) ukuze izindawo zabo ezingaphakathi zibe kundiza efanayo efulelwe njenge-“amthie” entsha.
Impela, uhlaka lwamathambo kufanele ekugcineni lwakhiwe ngendlela yokuthi luhambisane nesakhiwo esikhona sophahla lwesakhiwo. Kubalulekile ukuthi izipikili nezikrini zokulungisa i-skeleton zingabi ngaphezu kwe-dimensioned, ukuze kungabi buthaka kakhulu umthamo wokuthwala wemishayo, imishayo yesakhiwo sophahla lwe-ridge. Amabhodi okuvala kufanele afakwe esikhundleni sezipikili, i-gluing noma, uma lokhu kungenele, khona-ke (ngemigodi yokubhoboza ngaphambili) ngezikulufo zokhuni. Ngokuhlela ngokucophelela, izindonga ze-attic (mhlawumbe hhayi zonke) zingabekwa ngaphezu kwezindonga ezisekela phansi. Izindonga ze-mansard kufanele zenziwe ngezitini okungenani 38 cm.
Uma uhlaka lwamathambo lwenziwa, izinsiza zingabekwa.
Izintambo zikagesi kufanele zilethwe ngomzila omfushane kakhulu, ovalwe ngokuphindaphindiwe, kumapayipi ase-Bergman. Akumele siphambanise uphahla ngokufaka ugesi. Intambo eyodwa yokuvikela enoshintsho, ipulaki eminingi kanye nesibani esisodwa (noma udonga) kwanele. Kufanele usebenzise ngamabomu umugqa wobukhulu obuqinile ngokufakwa ngokucophelela. Iswishi eyinhloko kufanele ibe endaweni ephansi eduze komgwaqo onesibani somshayeli ukuze sikwazi ukucisha amandla uma kungekho muntu ku-attic. Ngendlela efanayo, amanzi osinki owodwa omncane kanye nepayipi lendle kufanele kulethwe ngendlela emfushane kakhulu. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kungcono ukubeka i-mansard eduze noma ngaphezu kwe-node emanzi. Singakwazi ukuletha amapayipi eduze komunye nomunye ukuze siwanikeze into evamile yokushisa ukushisa (amanzi angaba yiqhwa ebusika futhi ashise ehlobo kangangokuthi angeke asetshenziswe njengamanzi okuphuza). Ngaphandle kukasinki, akukuhle ukuba nabanye abasebenzisi bamanzi endlini engaphansi.
Indlela ephumelela kakhulu yokushisisa i-attic ukushisa kwesitimu noma amanzi ashisayo. Uma kungenakwenzeka ukuxazulula ukushisa ngale ndlela, khona-ke ama-convectors wegesi, isitofu samafutha noma okungenzeka ukuthi izifudumezi zikagesi ezitholakala eduze kodonga lwe-gable futhi kuphela njengendlela yokugcina, isitofu sokushisa izinkuni sicatshangelwa.
Isitezi, ulayini wangaphakathi kanye nokwahlukanisa
Ngemva kokuxazulula izinsiza, uhlaka lwamathambo nezitezi, kuyafakwa phansi.
Uma uphahla lwesakhiwo seluvele lwakhiwe ngendlela yokuthi ukwakhiwa kwe-mansard nakho kucatshangelwe, ngakho-ke kudingekile kuphela ukubeka izinto zokuhlobisa kanye nokufakwa kwe-thermal (i-PVC floor noma i-wall-to-wall carpet) phansi, esevele iqondanisiwe futhi ingakwazi ukuthwala umthwalo.
Nokho, ama-attics ajwayelekile ayenziwa kanje, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukubeka kuqala amabhodi athwala imithwalo emigqeni yokuxhuma, futhi kulawa ama-pathos omkhumbi ambozwe ngokhaphethi noma i-PVC. Kubalulekile ukuthi ngesikhathi esisodwa sibeke izinto zokuvikela ezishibhile, ezingashi esikhaleni phakathi kwamabhodi kanye nama-pathos agcwalisa yonke indawo. Indwangu yegwebu kanye noboya bengilazi obungamasaka nezindwangu kungasetshenziswa kule njongo, njengoba kulula ukuyibeka endaweni.
After this, the inner lining of 1/2“ boards should be placed, which are protected against fire. On top of these, there is a lining made of fiber boards, plywood, chipboard, panels, etc. (fig. 3). The historical text also referred to ordering and service cutting at this point. chipboard, I-MDF namanye amabhodi le sevisi ayiyona ingxenye yomnikelo omusha womphakathi.
SLIKA 3
Ekugcineni, kusala ukubeka isendlalelo sokuhlukanisa ngaphandle, esifana nephansi. Kulula kakhulu ukusebenza nge-insulating material engatholakala emabhodini, nakuba kubiza kakhulu.
Qaphela: amanani wobuchwepheshe, izinto zokwakha kanye nezinqubo ezingenhla zidluliswa njengokuqukethwe okungokomlando, hhayi njengedizayini yesimanje noma umyalelo wokwenziwa. Umthamo wokuthwala, umswakama kanye nokujiya, ukungena komoya, ukuvuleka kophahla, ukuvimbela amanzi, ukuvikelwa komlilo nakho konke ukufakwa kufanele kuxazululwe ngokuya ngento yangempela, imithetho evumelekile kanye nemiyalelo yomkhiqizi wesistimu.