Namhlanje, i-Savo Kusić igxile kwi ifestile zomthi, iifestile zomthi-aluminiyam, iifestile zesiko, umnyango kunye nezicelo zekoteyishini. Esi sicatshulwa sihlala singuvimba wokuphucula ikhaya kwaye ayisosithembiso sokuyila, ukwenza, okanye ukongamela uguqulo lwe-attic.
Ukucwangcisa igumbi le-attic
Imfuno esisiseko yokuthuthuzela yindawo eyaneleyo. Kwizakhiwo zentsapho, kunokwenzeka ukwandisa indawo ngokusebenzisa indawo engaphantsi kwe-attic eyimfuneko yokwakhiwa kwegumbi le-mansard.
Izinyuko, ukhuseleko lomlilo kunye neetshimini
Iqala ngokuhlaziya kunye nokomeleza i-staircase. Ngelixa ubunzulu obufanelekileyo bezitepsi30, nokuphakama15 cm, kwizinyuko eziya kwi-attic sikwadibana nokuphakama22-25 cmngobunzulu bayo yonke into12 cmapho iliso6 cmibekwe phantsi kwenyathelo elilandelayo (umkhiwane.1, inxalenye a). Ukuba i-staircase ye-attic iphezulu kakhulu, ithuba lokwakha i-staircase entsha kufuneka liqwalaselwe, mhlawumbi ngaphandle kwesakhiwo esigqunywe ngamacangci ezinto zokwenziwa. Kwimeko nayiphi na into, imfuno esisiseko kukuba i-staircase ine-railing elungileyo kunye namanyathelo angatyibiliki. Umzila wentsimbi kufuneka unabele yonke indlela ukuya kwi-attic ukukhusela umntu ekuweleni phantsi kwezinyuko ukuya kwi-stairwell.
Kwindlela esezantsi ye-attic staircase, kumgangatho ophantsi, umnyango ongenamlilo (ofakwe kwi-sheet sheet) kufuneka ufakwe ukuhlangabezana nemimiselo yokhuseleko lomlilo. Kunconywa ukugubungela umnyango womlilo kunye nezinto ezingenakutsha kodwa ezihlobisayo, eziphinda zibe yi-thermal and acoustic insulator (uboya beglasi, njl.).
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulawula kunye nokunciphisa zonke iitshimini, kunye nokugubungela ezo ziya kuba kwindawo yokuhlala kunye neetayile ze-ceramic ukuze zihlobise ngakumbi kwaye, ngokubaluleke kakhulu, zikhuselekile ngokubhekiselele kumlilo. Umgaqo obalulekileyo oqhelekileyo kukubeka inkunkuma ye-asbestos ekhusela ukushisa kunye ne-refractory, njl., phakathi kwetshimini kunye nezinto ezintsha zokugubungela udonga. Ifenitshala, iikhaphethi okanye ezinye izinto ezinokutsha akufunekanga zibekwe kufutshane netshimini. Loo nxalenye kufuneka ibunjwe ukuze ibe luhlobo lwendawo yomlilo yasimahla.
Inqaku lokhuseleko: Lo ngumbhalo wembali. Izinto ze-asbestos kufuneka zingasetyenziswa okanye zisetyenzwe. Ukuguqulwa kwe-attic kunokuchaphazela umthamo wokuthwala umthwalo, ukhuseleko lomlilo, iindlela zokuphuma, iitshimini kunye nokufakelwa, ngoko ke imeko ekhoyo kunye nesisombululo kufuneka ihlolwe ziingcali ezifanelekileyo ezigunyazisiweyo ngokwemigaqo yangoku.
Ukwakhiwa kweefestile kunye nophahla
Kufuneka sinikeze ifestile yokukhanyisa kwendalo kunye nokungena komoya. Ukuba olunye udonga lwegumbi lwenza udonga lwe-gable lwendawo ye-attic, ngoko sinokubeka ifestile kulo donga. Inkqubo yile ilandelayo: kwiindawo apho umgca ophezulu uya kufakwa khona, umqolo omnye wezitena kufuneka ususwe ukuze kuqala sisuse i-plaster eyomileyo ukusuka kwicala lesilingi, sibeke ibhodi yokwandiswa komgangatho ophezulu kwaye uqhubeke uyisusa ngaphandle kwaye ubethelele ibhodi ngokupheleleyo. Ukuqala ukusuka phezulu ukuya phezulu, izitena kufuneka zisuswe kwindawo yefestile ezayo, kodwa ngelo xesha, enye ikholomu yokuxhasa kufuneka ibekwe inxalenye engaphezulu kokuvula kwaye igxininiswe okwethutyana ngezikhonkwane ezimbini. Ekugqibeleni, sivula udonga kwindawo yonke (umkhiwane 1, inxalenye b.). Ukuba udonga lwe-gable luluhlu olulodwa lwezitena (udonga 12), kuyacetyiswa ukuba udilize udonga lonke kwaye uyakhe kwakhona kwi-25 cm, okanye nokuba ngcono kwi-38 cm. Isakhelo sefestile sisenokwakhiwa kolu donga. Kuya kufuneka ulumke kakhulu, kuba ukudilika kodonga esitratweni kunokubangela iingozi ezimandundu, kwaye ukuwa kwezitena kwindawo yeattic kunokubangela uqhekeko kwisilingi.
Yimeko enzima kakhulu ukuba akukho nanye yeendonga ze-attic ezihambelana nodonga lwe-gable, kuba kuloo meko ukukhanya kufuneka kusonjululwe ngefestile ye-attic. Umahluko phakathi kwezi ntlobo zimbini zeemansards zibonakaliswe kakuhle kumfanekiso1, inxalenye c.
SLIKA 1
Umbono ocacileyo wefestile ye-dormer unikwe kumfanekiso wenombolo.2. Ukususwa kwesigqubuthelo sophahla kunye nokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo sophahla lwefestile ye-mansard kufuneka inikwe ingcali. Umsebenzi uya kuba lula ukuba umgama phakathi kwee-cornices zesakhiwo sephahla zikhulu, kuba ngoko ifestile inokufakwa phakathi kwee-cornices ezimbini ngaphandle kokuhamba (umkhiwane.2, inxalenye b). Kodwa, ukuba ifestile ebanzi kufuneka ibekwe, ngoko isakhiwo sephahla kufuneka sisonjululwe ngokongezwa ngokomzobo (Fig.2, inxalenye a).
SLIKA 2
Njengesisombululo se-compromise, iwindow ebanzi ingafakwa ukwenzela ukuba i-corneas ingashukunyiswa kodwa ishiywe phambi kwefestile. Kakade ke, kule meko, amaphiko efestile anokuvulwa kuphela ngokubhekiselele kwintsimi, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba i-cornice e-oblique phakathi kwephiko lasekhohlo nasekunene lefestile ayilona sisombululo esihle kakhulu (mhlawumbi ingasetyenziselwa udonga lwe-triangular yolwahlulo kunye nebhodi yebhodi eyenziweyo). Kubaluleke kakhulu ukubeka iigatha ezincinci kwindawo engaphandle yesakhiwo sophahla lwefestile yemansard, kunye nomsele wokukhupha amanzi ezingcanjini.
Uhlaka lwamathambo, ufakelo kunye nokufudumeza
Iindonga zegumbi le-mansard zingafakwa kuphela emva kokwenza i-skeleton ukusuka kwiiplanga 7,5 / 12 ezikhuselwe ngaphambili emlilweni. Enyanisweni, oku kuqulethwe ekwandiseni inani leenkxaso zesakhiwo sephahla kunye nokugubungela izinto ezikhoyo ngaphakathi. Icala elingaphakathi leenkxaso zephahla kufuneka lifakwe kwiibhodi zobubanzi obufanayo, kodwa kuphela 1/2“ - 1“ (12-24 mm) ukwenzela ukuba iindawo zabo zangaphakathi zibe kwiplanga elifanayo le-ckened kunye nenkxaso entsha “inkxaso”.
Ngokuqinisekileyo, i-skeleton kufuneka ekugqibeleni yenziwe ngendlela ehambelana nesakhiwo esikhoyo sophahla lwesakhiwo. Kubalulekile ukuba izikhonkwane kunye nezikhonkwane zokulungisa i-skeleton azikho ngaphezu kwe-dimensioned, ukwenzela ukuba ungabi buthathaka kakhulu amandla okuthwala amaplanga, iiplanga zesakhiwo sophahla lwe-ridge. Iibhodi zokudibanisa kufuneka zifakwe endaweni yezikhonkwane, i-gluing okanye, ukuba oku akwanelanga, ngoko (ngemingxuma yangaphambili yokubhoboza) ngezikrufu zokhuni. Ngokucwangciswa ngokucophelela, iindonga ze-attic (mhlawumbi azikho zonke) zingafakwa ngaphezu kweendonga ezixhasayo kumgangatho ophantsi. Iindonga zemansard kufuneka zenziwe ngezitena ubuncinane 38 cm.
Ukuba i-skeleton yenziwe, izinto eziluncedo zinokubekwa.
Iingcingo zombane kufuneka ziziswe ngeyona ndlela imfutshane, zigqunywe ngokuphindaphindiweyo, kwimibhobho yaseBergman. I-attic ayifanele ixutywe kunye nokufakelwa kombane. Ucingo olunye olukhuselayo olunokutshintsha, iplagi eninzi kunye nesilingi enye (okanye udonga) ibhalbhu yokukhanya yanele. Kufuneka usebenzise ngabom umgca wemilinganiselo eyomeleleyo ngokugquma ngononophelo. Umtshini oyintloko kufuneka ubekwe kumgangatho ophantsi kufuphi ne-driveway kunye nesibane somqhubi ukuze sikwazi ukucima amandla ukuba akukho mntu kwi-attic. Ngendlela efanayo, unikezelo lwamanzi kwisinki enye encinci kunye nombhobho wogutyulo kufuneka uhanjiswe ngendlela emfutshane. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, kungcono ukubeka i-mansard ecaleni okanye ngaphezu kwe-node emanzi. Sinokuzisa imibhobho ecaleni komnye ukuze ibonelele ngokugquma ubushushu obuqhelekileyo (amanzi anokuba ngumkhenkce ebusika aze afudumale ehlotyeni kangangokuba angasetyenziswa njengamanzi okusela). Ngaphandle kwe-sink, akulungile ukuba nabanye abasebenzisi bamanzi kwi-attic.
Eyona ndlela isebenzayo yokufudumeza i-attic kukufudumeza komphunga okanye amanzi ashushu. Ukuba akunakwenzeka ukucombulula ukufudumeza ngale ndlela, ke ii-convectors zegesi, isitofu se-oyile okanye mhlawumbi izifudumezi zombane ezibekwe kufuphi nodonga lwe-gable kwaye kuphela njengendlela yokugqibela, isitofu somlilo siya kuqwalaselwa.
Umgangatho, i-lining yangaphakathi kunye nokugquma
Emva kokusombulula izinto eziluncedo, amathambo kunye nezinyuko, umgangatho ufakiwe.
Ukuba isilingi sesakhiwo sele sakhiwe ngendlela yokuba ukwakhiwa kwe-mansard nayo ithathelwe ingqalelo, ngoko ke kuyimfuneko kuphela ukubeka izinto zokuhlobisa kunye ne-thermal insulation (i-PVC floor okanye i-wall-to-wall carpet) phantsi, esele ilungelelaniswe kwaye inokuthwala umthwalo.
Nangona kunjalo, ii-attics eziqhelekileyo azenziwanga ngolu hlobo, kwaye kuyimfuneko ukubeka kuqala iibhodi ezithwala imithwalo kwiiplanga zokudibanisa, kwaye kule mizila yenqanawa ehlanganiswe ngekhaphethi okanye i-PVC. Kubalulekile ukuba ngaxeshanye sibeke izinto zokugquma ezingabizi, ezingatshiyo kwindawo ephakathi kweebhodi kunye neepathos ezigcwalisa indawo yonke. Izinto ze-Foam kunye noboya beglasi ngendlela yeengxowa kunye neengqungquthela zingasetyenziselwa le njongo, njengoko kulula ukuyibeka.
Emva koko, umgca wangaphakathi weebhodi kufuneka ufakwe1/2“ ezikhuselweyo emlilweni. Kwicala eliphezulu lazo, kukho i-lining eyenziwe nge-fiber board, i-plywood, i-chipboard, iipaneli, njl.3). Kule ndawo, isicatshulwa sembali esibhekiselele kwi-oda kunye nenkonzo yokusika i-chipboard, i-MDF kunye nezinye iibhodi; loo nkonzo ayiyonxalenye yesibonelelo esitsha sikawonke-wonke.
SLIKA 3
Ekugqibeleni, ihlala ibeka i-insulating layer ngaphandle, efana nomgangatho. Kulula kakhulu ukusebenza ngezinto zokugquma ezinokufumaneka kwiibhodi, nangona zibiza kakhulu.
Qaphela: amaxabiso obugcisa, imathiriyeli kunye neenkqubo ezingasentla zigqithiswa njengomxholo wembali, kungekhona njengoyilo lwale mihla okanye umyalelo wophumezo. Umthamo womthwalo, umswakama kunye ne-condensation, umoya, ukuvuleka kwephahla, ukukhuselwa kwamanzi, ukukhuselwa komlilo kunye nazo zonke iifakelo kufuneka zixazululwe ngokwento eyona nto, imithetho esebenzayo kunye nemiyalelo yomenzi wenkqubo.