Masiku ano, Savo Kusić amayang’ana kwambiri mazenera amatabwa, mazenera a matabwa a aluminiyamu, mazenera amwambo, khomo ndi zopempha za mawu. Mawuwa amakhalabe malo osungiramo zinthu zapakhomo ndipo si mwayi wopanga, kuchita, kapena kuyang’anira kusintha kwa chipinda chapamwamba.
Kukonzekera chipinda chapamwamba
Chofunikira pa chitonthozo ndi malo okwanira. M’nyumba za mabanja, ndizotheka kuwonjezera malo pogwiritsa ntchito malo ocheperako komanso ocheperako ofunikira pomanga chipinda cha mansard.
Masitepe, chitetezo cha moto ndi ma chimney
Zimayamba ndi kukonzanso ndi kulimbikitsa masitepe. Pomwe kuzama kwa masitepe30, ndi kutalika15 cm, pa masitepe opita kuchipinda chapamwamba timakumananso ndi utali wake22-25 cmndi kuya ku chilichonse12 cmamene diso6 cmili pansi pa sitepe yotsatira (mkuyu.1gawo a). Ngati masitepe apamtunda ndi otsetsereka kwambiri, kuthekera komanga masitepe atsopano kuyenera kuganiziridwa, mwina kunja kwa nyumbayo yokutidwa ndi malata azinthu zopanga. Mulimonsemo, chofunika kwambiri ndi chakuti masitepe ali ndi masitepe abwino komanso osaterera. Chipongwecho chiyenera kupitirira mpaka kuchipinda chapamwamba kuti munthu asagwere pansi pa masitepe.
Pansi pa masitepe a attic, pansi, chitseko chopanda moto (chovala zitsulo) chiyenera kukhazikitsidwa kuti chigwirizane ndi malamulo otetezera moto. Ndikoyenera kuphimba chitseko chopanda moto ndi zinthu zosayaka koma zokongoletsera, zomwe zimakhalanso zotentha komanso zotsekemera (magalasi ubweya, etc.).
Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuwongolera ndi kudula ma chimneys onse, ndikuphimba zomwe zidzakhale m’malo okhalamo ndi matailosi a ceramic kuti azikongoletsa kwambiri komanso, chofunikira kwambiri, otetezeka potengera moto. Lamulo lofunikira kwambiri ndikuyika zinyalala zotchingira kutentha ndi zowuma za asibesitosi, ndi zina, pakati pa chimney ndi zida zatsopano zomangira khoma. Mipando, makapeti kapena zinthu zina zoyaka moto siziyenera kuyikidwa pafupi ndi chumuni. Gawo limenelo liyenera kupangidwa kuti likhale ngati malo amoto aulere.
Chidziwitso chachitetezo: Awa ndi mbiri yakale. Zida za asibesitosi siziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kapena kukonzedwa. Kutembenuka kwa chipinda chapamwamba kungakhudze mphamvu yonyamula katundu, chitetezo cha moto, njira zotuluka, chimneys ndi kukhazikitsa, kotero kuti zomwe zilipo ndi zothetsera ziyenera kufufuzidwa ndi akatswiri ovomerezeka oyenerera malinga ndi malamulo omwe alipo.
Kumanga kwa Mazenera ndi denga
Tiyenera kupereka zenera la kuyatsa kwachilengedwe ndi mpweya wabwino. Ngati khoma limodzi la chipindacho limapanga khoma la gable la chipinda chapamwamba, ndiye kuti tikhoza kuika zenera pakhoma limenelo. Ndondomekoyi ili motere: m’malo omwe pakhomo lakumtunda lidzayikidwa, mzere umodzi wa njerwa uyenera kuchotsedwa kuti choyamba tichotse pulasitala yowuma pambali pa denga, kuika bolodi yowonjezera pakhomo lakumtunda ndikupitilira kuchotsa kunja ndikukhomerera bolodi kwathunthu. Kuyambira pamwamba mpaka pansi, njerwa ziyenera kuchotsedwa pamalo awindo lamtsogolo, koma nthawi yomweyo, gawo limodzi lothandizira liyenera kuikidwa pagawo lomwe lili pamwamba pa kutsegula ndikukhazikika kwakanthawi ndi zikhomo ziwiri. Pomaliza, timatsegula khoma pamtunda wonse (mkuyu 1, gawo b.). Ngati khoma la gable ndi mzere umodzi wa njerwa (khoma 12), ndi bwino kugwetsa khoma lonse ndikulimanganso pa 25 cm, kapenanso bwino pa 38 cm. Zenera lazenera likhoza kumangidwa kale pakhoma ili. Muyenera kusamala kwambiri, chifukwa kugwa kwa khoma la pamsewu kungayambitse ngozi zoopsa, ndipo kugwa kwa njerwa m’chipinda chapamwamba kungayambitsenso kusweka kwa denga.
Ndilo vuto lovuta kwambiri ngati palibe khoma lapamwamba lomwe likugwirizana ndi khoma la gable, chifukwa pamenepa kuyatsa kuyenera kuthetsedwa ndi zenera la attic. Kusiyanitsa pakati pa mitundu iwiriyi ya mansard kumawoneka bwino pachithunzichi1gawo c.
SLIKA 1
Mawonedwe atsatanetsatane a zenera la dormer amaperekedwa pachithunzi ayi.2. Kuchotsa chophimba cha denga ndi kumanga denga lawindo la mansard kuyenera kuperekedwa kwa katswiri. Ntchitoyo idzakhala yosavuta ngati mtunda pakati pa ma cornices a denga ndi waukulu, chifukwa ndiye zenera likhoza kuikidwa pakati pa cornices ziwiri popanda kusuntha (mkuyu.2gawo b). Koma, ngati zenera lalikulu liyenera kuyikidwa, ndiye kuti denga liyenera kuthetsedwa ndikuwonjezera molingana ndi chojambula (mkuyu.2gawo a).
SLIKA 2
Monga njira yothetsera vuto, zenera lalikulu likhoza kuikidwa kuti ma cornea asasunthike koma asiyidwe kutsogolo kwawindo. Zoonadi, pamenepa, mapiko a zenera amatha kutsegulidwa kumunda, ndipo ndizotsimikizika kuti cornice ya oblique pakati pa mapiko a kumanzere ndi kumanja kwawindo si njira yabwino kwambiri (mwina ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati khoma logawanitsa katatu ndi bolodi lopanga). Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuyika ngalande zing’onozing’ono kunja kwa denga la zenera la mansard, ndi popopopopo potulutsa madzi pamizu.
Chigoba, kuika ndi kutentha
Makoma a chipinda cha mansard akhoza kukhazikitsidwa pokhapokha atapanga mafupa kuchokera ku matabwa 7,5 / 12 omwe amatetezedwa ku moto. M’malo mwake, izi zimaphatikizapo kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa zothandizira padenga lanyumba ndikuyika zomwe zilipo mkati. Mbali yamkati yazitsulo za denga iyenera kukhala ndi matabwa a m’lifupi mwake, koma 1/2“ - 1“ (12-24 mm) kotero kuti malo awo amkati ali pa denga lofanana ndi denga lothandizira “thirakiti”.
Zowona, mafupa amayenera kupangidwa m’njira yoti agwirizane ndi denga lomwe lilipo. Ndikofunikira kuti misomali ndi zomangira zomangira chigoba zisakhale zokulirapo, kuti zisafooketse mphamvu ya matabwa, zomangira za denga la denga. matabwa otchingira ayenera kumata m’malo misomali, gluing kapena, ngati sikokwanira, ndiye (mwa chisanadze kubowola mabowo) ndi zomangira matabwa. Pokonzekera bwino, makoma a attic (mwinamwake si onse) akhoza kuikidwa pamwamba pa makoma ochiritsira apansi. Makoma a mansard amangidwe ndi njerwa zosachepera 38 cm.
Ngati mafupa apangidwa, zida zitha kuikidwa.
Mizere yamagetsi iyenera kubweretsedwa panjira yachidule, yotsekeredwa mobwerezabwereza, mu mapaipi a Bergman. Sitiyenera kudzaza chipinda chapamwamba ndi kuika magetsi. Waya umodzi woteteza wokhala ndi switch, pulagi ingapo ndi denga limodzi (kapena khoma) babu woyatsira ndizokwanira. Muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mwadala mzere wa miyeso yolimba kwambiri yotsekera mosamala. Chosinthira chachikulu chiyenera kukhala pansi pafupi ndi msewu wokhala ndi nyali yoyendetsa ndege kuti tithe kuzimitsa mphamvu ngati palibe m’chipinda chapamwamba. Momwemonso, madzi a sinki imodzi yaying’ono ndi chitoliro cha chimbudzi ayenera kubweretsedwa panjira yaifupi kwambiri. Pachifukwa ichi, ndi bwino kuyika mansard pafupi kapena pamwamba pa node yonyowa. Tikhoza kubweretsa mapaipi pafupi wina ndi mzake kuti tipeze madzi otsekemera amadzimadzi (madzi amatha kuzizira m’nyengo yozizira ndi kutentha m’chilimwe mpaka sangagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati madzi akumwa). Kupatula sinki, sibwino kukhala ndi ogula madzi ena m’chipinda chapamwamba.
Njira yabwino kwambiri yotenthetsera chipinda chapamwamba ndi kutentha kwa nthunzi kapena madzi otentha. Ngati sizingatheke kuthetsa kutentha motere, ndiye kuti ma convectors a gasi, chitofu chamafuta kapena chotenthetsera chamagetsi chomwe chili pafupi ndi khoma la gable ndipo ngati njira yomaliza, chitofu chowotcha nkhuni chimaganiziridwa.
Pansi, zotchingira mkati ndi zotchingira
Mutatha kukonza zofunikira, mafupa ndi masitepe, pansi amaikidwa.
Ngati denga la nyumbayo lamangidwa kale m’njira yoti kumanganso mansard kumaganiziridwanso, ndiye kuti ndizofunika kuyika zinthu zokongoletsera ndi kusungunula kutentha (PVC pansi kapena khoma ndi khoma) pansi, zomwe zimagwirizana kale ndipo zimatha kunyamula katundu.
Komabe, attics wamba samapangidwa motere, ndipo m’pofunika kuyika matabwa onyamula katundu poyamba pazitsulo zolumikizira, ndipo pazipata za sitimayo zimakutidwa ndi kapeti kapena PVC. Ndikofunikira kuti nthawi imodzi tiyike zotsika mtengo, zosawotcha zotetezera mumlengalenga pakati pa matabwa ndi njira zomwe zimadzaza malo onse. Zinthu za thovu ndi ubweya wagalasi mu mawonekedwe a matumba ndi quilts zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pachifukwa ichi, chifukwa ndizosavuta kuziyika.
Pambuyo pake, mkati mwa matabwa ayenera kuikidwa1/2“ Zomwe zimatetezedwa kumoto. Pamwamba pa izi, pali chinsalu chopangidwa ndi matabwa, plywood, chipboard, mapanelo, ndi zina zotero (mkuyu.3). M’malo ano, mbiri yakale imatanthawuza kuyitanitsa ndi kudula ntchito kwa chipboard, MDF ndi matabwa ena; ntchito imeneyi si gawo lazoperekedwa ndi anthu.
SLIKA 3
Pamapeto pake, zimakhalabe kuyika chophimba chotetezera kunja, chofanana ndi pansi. Ndizosavuta kugwira ntchito ndi zida zotsekera zomwe zitha kupezeka m’ma board, ngakhale ndizokwera mtengo.
Zindikirani: ukadaulo, zida ndi njira zomwe zili pamwambazi zimaperekedwa ngati mbiri yakale, osati monga kapangidwe kamakono kapena malangizo a kachitidwe. Kulemera kwa katundu, chinyezi ndi condensation, mpweya wabwino, kutsegula padenga, kutsekereza madzi, kuteteza moto ndi kuika zonse ziyenera kuthetsedwa molingana ndi chinthu chenichenicho, malamulo omveka ndi malangizo a wopanga dongosolo.