E noʻonoʻo e pili ana i ka ʻike a me ka palekana: He kikokikona hoʻonaʻauao waihona kēia, ʻaʻole he papahana, helu helu a i ʻole nā kuhikuhi no ke kūkulu ʻana i nā alapiʻi. ʻO nā kiʻi nā kiʻi o nā ʻano a me nā kaʻina hana a ʻaʻole hōʻike i nā papahana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia o Savo Kusić. Pono e hāʻawi ʻia ka hoʻolālā a me ke kūkulu ʻana i nā alapiʻi i nā mea hoʻolālā kūpono a me nā mea hana ʻaelike, e like me nā lula kūpono, ka helu static a me nā kūlana o ka mea kikoʻī.
ʻAʻole ʻāpana nā alapiʻi o ka hāʻawi lehulehu hou a ka hui. ʻO ka manaʻo hana o kēia manawa he puka lāʻau, pukapuka lāʻau-aluminika a me nā puka i hana ʻia. No kekahi papahana kikoʻī, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻouna i noi no ka haʻi ʻōlelo.
ʻO ke kuleana a me ka mahele kumu o nā alapiʻi
ʻO kahi alapiʻi he hale i loaʻa i kahi ʻano o nā ʻili ākea, ʻo ia hoʻi nā hehi, i kapa ʻia ʻo nā alapiʻi. Hāʻawi ia i ka neʻe kū pololei ma waena o nā pae like ʻole i nā hale, nā hale, waho a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe. Hana pinepine ʻia nā alapiʻi me ka lāʻau, ka metala, ka palaki a i ʻole ka hui pū ʻana o kekahi mau mea.
ʻO ka hana o ke alapiʻi ka mea e hiki ai ke kamaʻilio kū pololei ma waena o nā papahele a i ʻole nā pae, lanakila i nā ʻokoʻa kiʻekiʻe a hoʻohui i nā wahi. Hiki mai nā ʻanuʻu i nā ʻano a me nā ʻano like ʻole, mai ka lāʻau maʻamau a i nā hale metala hou.
He mea nui e hoʻolālā a kūkulu ʻia kahi alapiʻi me ka noʻonoʻo palekana, e komo pū ana me ka piʻi kūpono, ke kiʻekiʻe a me ka hohonu o ke alapiʻi, ke alapiʻi a me nā kukui, e pale aku i ka ʻeha a hiki ke hoʻohana palekana.
E like me ke ʻano o ke kumu, kumu a me nā mea hana no ke kūkulu ʻana, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā alapiʻi i mau pūʻulu.
Māhele ma ke ʻano
Alapii wāwae hoʻokahi
ʻAʻole hoʻololi ke alapiʻi pololei a pololei i kona ala. Ma muli o nā pae ʻāina i hoʻokomo ʻia, ʻo ia hoʻi nā pae ʻāina, hiki ke loaʻa me ka ʻole o ka pae ʻana a i ʻole me ka nui.
Kiʻi — ke alapiʻi lāʻau wāwae hoʻokahi.
Alapii Nahaha
Ina o ke alapii haki, spiral, elua wawae, ekolu wawae a nui paha, hoololi ka wawae i ka aoao. ʻO ke ʻano maʻamau, ʻo ke alapiʻi wāwae ʻelua i haki ʻia ma kahi kihi ʻākau, kahi e hoʻomaka ai ka wāwae luna mai kahi pae huinaha a holo pololei i ka ʻaoʻao o ka wāwae lalo.
ʻO ke ʻano alapiʻi maʻamau maʻamau, he alapiʻi haʻi wāwae ʻelua i ʻō aku kona mau lima ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ma ke kihi o 180°. Aia nā alapiʻi ʻekolu wāwae a ʻehā wāwae me ka pae ʻana ma nā kihi.
Kiʻi — ʻelua-wāwae alapiʻi me nā wāwae ma ke kihi o 180°.
Kiʻi — he alapiʻi wāwae ʻelua me kahi pae waena.
Alapiʻi ʻili, ʻōpuni a me nā alapiʻi
Ma nā alapiʻi me nā ʻanuʻu beveled, i mea e mālama ai i ka lewa, hiki ke hoʻololi piha ʻia a ʻāpana paha me nā ʻanuʻu wedge-beveled.
ʻAʻole ʻoluʻolu ka hele ʻana i nā alapiʻi hili. Ke hoʻololi ʻia nā ʻanuʻu liʻiliʻi, hiki ke pani ʻia me nā ʻanuʻu pōʻai.
Ma ke ʻano o kahi alapiʻi spiral a i ʻole nā alapiʻi spiral, ua bevelled nā ʻanuʻu a pau.
Kiʻi — ʻalapiʻi spiral.
Māhele e like me ke kumu
E like me ke kumu, ua māhele ʻia nā alapiʻi i:
- māla a me waho;
- hale lalo;
- luna;
- alapiʻi ma waho o nā paia o waho;
- mezzanine, ʻo ia hoʻi nā alapiʻi i loko.
Māhele ma nā mea
- Ua hana pinepine ʻia nā alapiʻi pōhaku kūlohelohe ma ke ʻano he kīhāpai a i ʻole ke alapiʻi waho, akā he alapiʻi i loko o nā hale nui, nā kula a me nā mea like.
- ʻO nā alapiʻi paʻa e hōʻike ana i kahi hoʻonā i loko hiki ʻole ke puhi ʻia no ka haʻahaʻa a i ʻole ke kamaʻilio ma waena o ka papahele a ʻo ia ke ʻano maʻamau o ke alapiʻi kūloko.
- Kakaʻikahi ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o nā alapiʻi pōhaku, ma ke ʻano he kīhāpai a i ʻole ke alapiʻi lalo.
- Nā ʻanuʻu aniani i hana ʻia me ke aniani palekana a me ke aniani i hoʻoikaika ʻia.
- Hoʻohana hapa ʻia nā alapiʻi kila i nā hale noho, no ka laʻana me nā alapiʻi ʻili pepa, a hoʻohana pū ʻia i nā hale hana.
- Hoʻohana ʻia nā alapiʻi lāʻau i nā hale ʻohana a me nā hale noho liʻiliʻi.
Kiʻi — ʻalapiʻi pōhaku māla.
Alapii
I ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka piʻi ʻana o ke alapiʻi, ʻo ia hoʻi ka ratio ma waena o ka laulā hehi b a me ke kiʻekiʻe ʻanuʻu h, pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia kēia mau mea no nā alapiʻi a pau:
- ua hōʻike ʻia ka lōʻihi o kahi kapuaʻi kanaka e ke ʻano b +2h =60-64 cm;
- hōʻike ʻia ka palekana i ka wā e hele ai ma ke ʻano b + h =46 cm;
- hōʻike ʻia ka hōʻoluʻolu i ka wā o ka neʻe ʻana e ke ʻano b – h =12 cm.
Inā hōʻike kiʻi ʻia nā ʻikepili mai kēia mau ʻano ʻekolu no nā piʻi alapiʻi a pau, ʻike ʻia ua hui nā pihi a pau i ka ratio piʻi o17/29 cm(h/b), ʻo ia ka mea maikaʻi loa a koi aku i ka liʻiliʻi loa o ka ikehu.
I na hihia kahi i pili ai17/29 cmʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia, pili ia i ke kumu o ke alapiʻi inā e helu ʻia e like me ke ʻano maʻalahi a i ʻole ke ʻano palekana.
Alapiʻi waho
ʻO ke ʻano maʻalahi o ke alapiʻi waho he ʻanuʻu a i ʻole ka pā i kau ʻia ma mua o ka puka mua. ʻAʻole pono e liʻiliʻi ko lākou ākea, i lawa ka manawa o ka mea e kū ana ma mua o ka puka a i ka wā e wehe ai i ka puka mai loko mai, ʻaʻole ia e kū koke ma ka ʻaoʻao.
ʻO kēia mau alapiʻi maʻalahi pono ke kumu paʻa i ʻole lākou e neʻe a piʻo. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi inā hoʻohana ʻia nā pā wai o lalo, ʻo ia hoʻi nā consoles no ke kumu.
Inā nui nā ʻokoʻa kiʻekiʻe ma waena o ka lepo a me ka lihi o luna o ka papahele o lalo, e kau ʻia nā alapiʻi o waho ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, e kū ana i ka paia o ka hale. Hana ʻia nā alapiʻi o waho me ka pōhaku maoli, ka papa hana papa hana a i ʻole clinker.
*Kiʻi - ka pāpaʻi a me nā kapuaʻi ma mua o ka puka mua.
Nā alapiʻi waena
ʻO ke alapiʻi mezzanine i hana ʻia me ka pōhaku maoli
He ʻehā ʻano alapiʻi mezzanine i hana ʻia me ka pōhaku maoli:
- ʻO nā ʻanuʻu kūʻokoʻa o nā pōhaku i kālai ʻia ma waena o nā paia maka, ma nā pio kāʻei a i ʻole nā kākoʻo alo;
- nā ʻanuʻu pōhaku i kālai ʻia ma luna o nā pā pōhaku i hoʻoikaika ʻia;
- nā kapuaʻi pōhaku i kālai ʻia ma nā pā hale;
- nā alapiʻi kūʻokoʻa i hana ʻia me ka pōhaku kālai ʻia me nā ʻanuʻu e kau ana.
No ka hana ʻana i nā alapiʻi, nā pōhaku kūlohelohe paʻa e like me ka granite, syenite, basalt, nā limestone maikaʻi, nā pōhaku quartz a me ke kinikini kūpono.
Mezzanine alapiʻi paʻa
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā alapiʻi paʻa i ʻehā mau ʻano nui me nā ʻano ʻano he nui:
- nā alapiʻi i hana ʻia me ke kaʻa paʻa, e like me nā alapiʻi lalo;
- nā alapiʻi i hana ʻia me ke koʻa i hoʻoikaika ʻia;
- nā alapiʻi i hana ʻia me nā mea seramika i hoʻoikaika ʻia, ka hapa nui ma waena o nā kākoʻo kila;
- nā ʻanuʻu i hana ʻia me nā mea i hana mua ʻia.
ʻO nā hehi o nā ʻanuʻu paʻa a pau ʻaʻole i uhi ʻia me nā mea ʻē aʻe, e like me ke kinikini, ka pōhaku i hana ʻia, nā papa clinker a i ʻole ka lāʻau, ua hoʻoikaika ʻia me nā mea paʻa paʻa, ma mua o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke kūʻē ʻana i ke kapa.
Kiʻi — ka hana ʻana a me ke ʻano o kahi alapiʻi wili.
Mezzanine alapiʻi i hana ʻia me ke kila
ʻO nā ʻano nui o nā alapiʻi kila:
- nā alapiʻi i hana ʻia i nā kākoʻo kila me nā ʻanuʻu i hana ʻia i ka pōhaku maoli;
- nā alapiʻi i hana ʻia me nā kākoʻo kila me nā poloka a i ʻole nā poloka;
- nā alapiʻi i hana ʻia i nā kākoʻo kila me nā pōhaku lepo;
- alapiʻi i hana ʻia me nā kākoʻo kila me nā ʻanuʻu pili;
- alapiʻi i hana ʻia me ke kila.
Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā ʻanuʻu mai nā hui mua ʻehā no nā hale noho, a me nā hale kila piha loa no nā hale ʻoihana.
Kiʻi — ke alapiʻi kila.
Alapiʻi lāʻau Mezzanine
E like me ke ʻano o ke kūkulu ʻana a me ka pili ʻana o nā alapiʻi me nā alo, ʻelima ʻano alapiʻi lāʻau:
- alapiʻi poloka;
- alapiʻi me ka embedded, i.e. wedged treads;
- alapiʻi me nā heʻe wāwae;
- alapiʻi me nā ʻanuʻu piha piha;
- alapiʻi me nā ʻanuʻu i kūkulu ʻia.
Kiʻi — ke alapiʻi lāʻau mezzanine.
ʻO nā alapiʻi me nā hehi i kūkulu ʻia he maʻalahi, pololei a me ka wāwae hoʻokahi. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia no ke komo ʻana i nā hale, nā hale kūʻai mahiʻai, nā cellars a me nā wahi like. Loaʻa iā ia nā hehi i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o nā maka papalina ma ka hohonu o 20–30 mm. ʻO ka mānoanoa o nā kapuaʻi he 30–50 mm.
ʻO nā alapiʻi lāʻau koʻikoʻi, kahi i hoʻohana wale ʻia no ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā papahele, e komo pū me ke alapiʻi me nā ʻanuʻu ʻuʻuku. Hehi kona mau lae ma na papalina elua ma ka hohonu o 18–20 mm. ʻO ka mānoanoa o ka pāpālina waho 45–70 mm, a ʻo loko 36–60 mm.