Qaphela malunga nomxholo kunye nokhuseleko: Lo nguvimba wezemfundo ongoovimba, hayi iprojekthi, ubalo olungatshintshiyo okanye imiyalelo yolwakhiwo lwezitebhisi. Iifoto ziyimifanekiso yeentlobo kunye neenkqubo kwaye azibonisi iiprojekthi eziqinisekisiweyo zeSavo Kusić. Uyilo kunye nokwakhiwa kwezitebhisi kufuneka ziphathiswe abaqulunqi abaqeqeshiweyo kunye neekontraka, ngokuhambelana nemimiselo esebenzayo, ukubala okumileyo kunye neemeko zento ethile.

Izitebhisi aziyonxalenye yentengiso entsha yenkampani. Ugxininiso lwangoku lwemveliso lubandakanya iifestile zomthi, iifestile zomthi zealuminiyam kunye neengcango ezenziwe ngokwezifiso. Ngeprojekthi ethile, ungathumela isicelo sekowuti.

Indima kunye nolwahlulo olusisiseko lwezinyuko

I-staircase sisakhiwo esiquka uluhlu lweendawo ezithe tye, okt izitebhisi, ezibizwa ngokuba zizinyuko. Ivumela intshukumo ethe nkqo phakathi kwamanqanaba ahlukeneyo kwizakhiwo, izindlu, ngaphandle nakwezinye iindawo. Izitepsi zihlala zenziwe ngomthi, isinyithi, ikhonkrithi okanye indibaniselwano yezinto ezininzi.

Umsebenzi we-staircase kukuvumela unxibelelwano oluthe nkqo phakathi kwemigangatho okanye amanqanaba, ukoyisa ukungafani kokuphakama kunye nokudibanisa izithuba. Izinyuko ziza ngokwemilo kunye nezimbo ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka kwiplanga yakudala ukuya kwizakhiwo zentsimbi zale mihla.

Kubalulekile ukuba i-staircase yenzelwe kwaye yakhiwe ngokukhuselekileyo engqondweni, kubandakanywa ukuthambekela okufanelekileyo, ukuphakama kwesinyathelo kunye nobunzulu, ukuhlamba kunye nokukhanyisa, ukukhusela ukulimala kunye nokuvumela ukusetyenziswa ngokukhuselekileyo.

Ngokwemilo yesiseko, injongo kunye nezinto zokwakha, izitebhisi zinokwahlulwa zibe ngamaqela amaninzi.

Ukwahlula ngokwemilo

Izinyuko zomlenze omnye

Isitephusi esithe ngqo okanye esithe ngqo asitshintshi indlela yaso. Ngokuxhomekeke kwi-landings efakiweyo, oko kukuthi, i-landings, ingaba ngaphandle kokufika okanye kunye neendidi ezininzi.

Izinyuko zeplanga ezinomlenze omnye zokwenyani ezivulekileyo

Umzekeliso — izinyuko zomlenze omnye zomthi.

Izinyuko Ezaphukileyo

Kwimeko yokwaphulwa, i-spiral, imilenze emibini, imilenze emithathu okanye i-multi-leg staircase, umlenze utshintsha indlela. Eyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo sisitephusi esinemilenze emibini esaphukileyo kwi-engile yasekunene, apho umlenze ongaphezulu uqala ukusuka kwindawo yokumisa isikweri kwaye udlulele kwicala lomlenze ongezantsi.

Eyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo yezitepsi ngokubanzi zizitepsi ezinemilenze emibini ezaphukileyo iingalo eziya kumacala achaseneyo, kwi-engile ye-180°. Kukho izitepsi ezinemilenze emithathu kunye nemilenze emine ezinendawo zokuhlala ezikoneni.

Izinyuko zomthi ezinemilenze emibini ezinemilenze echaseneyo imiyalelo

Umzekeliso — izinyuko ezinemilenze emibini enemilenze ekwi-engile 180°.

Izinyuko zomthi ezinemilenze emibini ezinokuma okuphakathi ekoneni

Umzekeliso — izitepsi ezinemilenze emibini ezinokuma okuphakathi.

Izinyuko ezirhangqiwe, ezingqukuva kunye nezingqukuva

Kwimeko yezitepsi ezinezinyuko ezigudileyo, ukwenzela ukugcina indawo, zinokutshintshwa ngokupheleleyo okanye ngokuyinxenye ngamanyathelo agudileyo.

Izinyuko ezichetyiweyo azisoloko zikhululekile ukuhamba kuzo. Xa amanyathelo ambalwa kuphela afuna ukubethelwa, anokutshintshwa ngezinyuko ezingqukuva.

Kwimeko yezitepsi ezijikelezayo okanye ezijijekileyo, zonke izitepsi zibaliwe.

Izinyuko ezenziwe ngomthi eziSpiral ezinewedge

Umzekeliso — izinyuko ezijikelezayo.

Ukwahlula ngokwenjongo

Ngokwenjongo, izitebhisi zahlulwe zibe:

  • igadi nangaphandle;
  • indawo engaphantsi;
  • i-attic;
  • izinyuko ngaphandle kweendonga zangaphandle;
  • mezzanine, okt izitephusi zangaphakathi.

Ukwahlula ngokwemathiriyeli

  • Izinyuko zamatye endalo zikholisa ukwenziwa njengegadi okanye izitepsi ezingaphandle, kodwa nezinyuko zangaphakathi kwizakhiwo ezikhulu, izikolo kunye nezixhobo ezifanayo.
  • Izinyuko zekhonkrithi zimele isisombululo sangaphakathi esingatshiyo sonxibelelwano lwangaphakathi okanye phakathi komgangatho kwaye zezona zixhaphakileyo zezitepsi zangaphakathi.
  • izitepsi zezitena azifane zakhiwe, ubukhulu becala njengegadi okanye izinyuko ezisezantsi.
  • Izitebhisi zeglasi zenziwe ngeglasi yokhuseleko kunye nekonkrithi yeglasi eyomeleziweyo.
  • Izitebhisi zentsimbi zisetyenziswa ngokuyinxenye kwizakhiwo zokuhlala, umzekelo njengezitepsi zentsimbi, kwaye zikwasetyenziswa kwimizi-mveliso.
  • Izinyuko ezenziwe ngomthi zisetyenziswa kwizindlu zeentsapho nakwizakhiwo ezincinci zokuhlala.

Izinyuko zomyezo ezenziwe ngamacwecwe amatye angaqhelekanga

Umzekeliso — izinyuko zelitye legadi.

Staircase

Xa umisela izinyuko, o.k. umlinganiselo phakathi kobubanzi bokunyathela b kunye nobude benyathelo h, oku kulandelayo kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo kuzo zonke izitepsi:

  • ubude benyathelo lomntu bubonakaliswa yimo b +2h =60-64 cm;
  • ukhuseleko xa uhamba lubonakaliswa ngefom b + h =46 cm;
  • ukuthuthuzela ngexesha lokunyakaza kubonakaliswa yifom * b - h =12 cm*.

Ukuba idatha evela kwezi fom zintathu ibonakaliswe ngokomzobo kuzo zonke izinyuko ezinokubakho, kuyavela ukuba zonke iigophe ziyadibana kumlinganiselo wokunyuka17/29 cm(h/b), eyona nto ivumayo kakhulu kwaye ifuna ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kancinane.

Kwiimeko apho ubudlelwane17/29 cmayinakufezekiswa, kuxhomekeke kwinjongo ye-staircase ukuba iya kubalwa ngokuhambelana nefom elula okanye ifom yokhuseleko.

Izinyuko zangaphandle

Ifomu elula ye-staircase yangaphandle yisinyathelo okanye ipleyiti ebekwe phambi komnyango wangaphambili. Ububanzi bawo abufanele bube buncinci, ukwenzela ukuba umntu omi phambi komnyango abe nesithuba esaneleyo kwaye xa evula umnyango ngaphakathi, akayi kuma ngokukhawuleza emphethweni.

Kwanalezi zinyuko zilula kufuneka zibe nesiseko esiqinileyo ukuze zingashukumi kwaye zigobe. Kungcono ukuba imisele yodonga lwangaphantsi, oko kukuthi i-consoles, isetyenziselwa isiseko.

Kwimeko yokumahluko omkhulu wokuphakama phakathi komhlaba kunye nomda ophezulu womgangatho ophantsi, izitebhisi zangaphandle zibekwe kwelinye icala, ngokuphambeneyo ukuya eludongeni lwesakhiwo. Izitebhisi zangaphandle zenziwe ngamatye endalo, i-workshop grade concrete okanye i-clinker.

Isileyiti samatye nezinyuko phambi kocango lwangaphambili lwamaplanga

*Umzekeliso — icwecwe nezinyuko phambi komnyango wangaphambili.

Izitepsi eziPhambili

Izitepsi ze-Mezzanine ezenziwe ngamatye endalo

Zine iintlobo zezitepsi ze-mezzanine ezenziwe ngelitye lendalo:

  1. Izitepsi ezikhululekileyo zelitye eliqingqiweyo phakathi kweendonga zobuso, kwiindonga zebhanti okanye izixhaso zobuso;
  2. izinyuko zamatye aqingqiweyo kumacwecwe athotyiweyo ekhonkrithi eyomeleziweyo;
  3. izinyuko zamatye aqingqiweyo kumagumbi angaphantsi eludongeni;
  4. Izinyuko ezimileyo ezenziwe ngamatye aqingqiweyo anezinyuko ezijingayo.

Ukwenza izitebhisi, amatye endalo aqinileyo njengegranite, i-syenite, ibasalt, amatye ekalika acolekileyo, amatye esanti equartz kunye nemarble afanelekile.

Izinyuko zekhonkrithi zeMezzanine

Izinyuko zekhonkrithi zinokwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezine eziphambili ezineenxalenye ezininzi:

  1. izinyuko ezenziwe ngekhonkrithi ecinezelweyo, njengezitephusi ezisezantsi;
  2. izitebhisi ezenziwe ngekhonkrithi eqinisiweyo;
  3. izitebhisi ezenziwe ngezinto ezithathiweyo ze-ceramic eziqiniweyo, ubukhulu becala phakathi kwezixhaso zentsimbi;
  4. izitebhisi ezenziwe ngezinto zekhonkrithi ezenziwe ngaphambili.

Ukunyathela kwazo zonke izinyathelo zekhonkrithi ezingagqunywanga kunye nezinye izinto, ezifana ne-marble, ilitye lokufakelwa kwekhonkrithi, i-clinker slabs okanye i-wood, ziqiniswa ngezinto eziphathekayo eziqinileyo, ngokukodwa ukwandisa ukuchasana nokugqoka.

Inkqubo yezitepsi eziphathekayo ngexesha lokwakha nezinyuko zangaphandle zigqityiwe

*Umzekeliso - ukwakhiwa kunye nokubonakala kwezinyuko zekhonkrithi.

Izinyuko zeMezzanine ezenziwe ngentsimbi

Iindidi eziphambili zezitebhisi zentsimbi ziquka:

  • i-staircase eyenziwe ngezixhaso zetsimbi kunye namanyathelo enziwe ngamatye endalo;
  • i-staircase eyenziwe ngezinto ezixhasayo zetsimbi kunye neebhloko zekhonkrithi;
  • i-staircase eyenziwe ngenkxaso yentsimbi ngezitena;
  • i-staircase eyenziwe ngenkxaso yensimbi kunye namanyathelo adibeneyo;
  • izinyuko ezenziwe ngentsimbi ngokupheleleyo.

Izitebhisi ezisuka kumaqela amane okuqala zidla ngokusetyenziswa kwizakhiwo zokuhlala, kunye nezo zentsimbi ezipheleleyo ingakumbi kwimizi-mveliso.

Izinyuko zeNsimbi yoMzimveliso wokwenyani ezineNporo

Umzekeliso — izinyuko zentsimbi.

Izinyuko zomthi zeMezzanine

Ngokwendlela yokwakha kunye nokudityaniswa kwezinyuko ezinobuso, kukho iindidi ezintlanu zezinyuko zomthi:

  1. Izitepsi ezithintelayo;
  2. izitepsi ezineembedded, o.k.
  3. izitepsi ezineengcango ezigrunjiweyo;
  4. izitepsi ezinezinyuko ezigudileyo;
  5. izitepsi ezinezinyuko ezakhelwe ngaphakathi.

Izinyuko zamaplanga zangaphakathi ezinemilenze emibini ezinomzila

Umzekeliso — izinyuko zomthi zemezzanine.

Izitebhisi ezineentambo ezakhelwe ngaphakathi zilula, zithe tye kwaye zinomlenze omnye. Isetyenziselwa ngokukodwa ukufikelela kuphahla, iindawo zokugcina ezolimo, iiseli kunye neendawo ezifanayo. Inokunyathela kuphela okufakwe kwiinotshi ezidleleni kubunzulu be-20–30 mm. Ubunzima bee soli 30–50 mm.

Ezona zitephusi zomthi zibaluleke kakhulu, eziphantse zisetyenziswe kuphela ukudibanisa imigangatho, ziquka izitepsi ezinemikrozo. Ukunyathela kunye nebunzi layo ligobile kuzo zombini izidlele kubunzulu be-18–20 mm. Ubukhulu besidlele esingaphandle ngu 45–70 mm, kunye nengaphakathi 36–60 mm.