Inothi mayelana nokuqukethwe nokuphepha: Lona umbhalo wokufundisa wengobo yomlando, hhayi iphrojekthi, ukubala okumile noma imiyalelo yokwakhiwa kwezitezi. Izithombe ziyimifanekiso yezinhlobo nezinqubo futhi azimeli amaphrojekthi aqinisekisiwe we-Savo Kusić. Ukuklama nokwakhiwa kwezitezi kufanele kunikezwe abaklami abaqeqeshiwe nosonkontileka, ngokuhambisana nemithethonqubo evumelekile, ukubala okumile kanye nemibandela yento ethile.

Izitezi aziyona ingxenye yomnikelo omusha wenkampani. Ukugxila kokukhiqiza kwamanje kufaka amafasitela okhuni, amawindi e-aluminium okhuni kanye neminyango eyenziwe ngokwezifiso. Ngephrojekthi ethile, ungathumela isicelo sekhotheshini.

Iqhaza nokuhlukaniswa okuyisisekelo kwezitezi

A staircase isakhiwo esiqukethe uchungechunge lwezindawo ezivundlile, i.e. amatezi, abizwa ngezitebhisi. Ivumela ukunyakaza okuqondile phakathi kwamazinga ahlukene ezakhiweni, ezindlini, ngaphandle nakwezinye izindawo. Izitezi zivame ukwakhiwa ngokhuni, insimbi, ukhonkolo noma inhlanganisela yezinto ezimbalwa.

Umsebenzi wezitezi ukunika amandla ukuxhumana okuma mpo phakathi kwephansi noma amaleveli, ukunqoba ukuhluka kobude nokuxhuma izikhala. Izitezi ziza ngezakhiwo nezitayela ezihlukene, kusukela ezakhiweni zokhuni zakudala ukuya ezakhiweni zensimbi zesimanje.

Kubalulekile ukuthi izitebhisi ziklanywe futhi zakhiwe kucatshangelwa ukuphepha, okuhlanganisa ukuthambeka okufanele, ukuphakama kwesinyathelo nokujula, udonga nokukhanyisa, ukuze kuvinjwe ukulimala futhi kuvumele ukusetshenziswa okuphephile.

Ngokwesimo sesisekelo, inhloso kanye nezinto zokwakha, izitebhisi zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amaningana.

Hlukanisa ngomumo

Izitezi zomlenze owodwa

Isitezi esiqondile noma esiqondile asishintshi indlela yaso. Ngokuya ngokufika okufakiwe, okungukuthi ukufika, kungaba ngaphandle kokufika noma okuningana.

Izitezi zokhuni zangempela ezinomlenze owodwa ezivulekile

Umfanekiso — izitezi zokhuni ezinomlenze owodwa.

Izitezi Eziphukile

Endabeni yesitezi esiphukile, esisontekile, esinemilenze emibili, imilenze emithathu noma enemilenze eminingi, umlenze ushintsha indlela. Ifomu elivame kakhulu izitebhisi ezinemilenze emibili ephukile nge-engeli engakwesokudla, lapho umlenze ongaphezulu uqala ukusuka ekufikeni kwesikwele futhi unwebe ngokuqondile ukuya lapho uya ngakhona umlenze ongezansi.

Indlela ejwayeleke kakhulu yezitebhisi ngokuvamile izitezi eziphukile ezinemilenze emibili ezingalo zazo ezinwebeka zibheke ezinhlangothini ezihlukene, nge-engeli engu-180°. Kunezitezi ezinemilenze emithathu nemilenze emine ezinokuhlala emakhoneni.

Izitezi zokhuni ezinemilenze emibili ezinemilenze ephambene izikhombisi-ndlela

Umfanekiso — izitebhisi ezinemilenze emibili enemilenze nge-engeli engu-180°.

Izitezi zokhuni ezinemilenze emibili ezinokuhlala okumaphakathi ekhoneni

Umfanekiso — izitezi ezinemilenze emibili ezinokuma okumaphakathi.

Izitebhisi ezigobile, eziyindilinga nezithandelayo

Ezindabeni zezitebhisi ezinezitebhisi ezigobile, ukuze wonge isikhala, zingashintshwa ngokuphelele noma kancane esikhundleni sezinyathelo ezine-wedge-beveled.

Izitezi ezitshekile ngokuvamile azikhululekile ukuhamba kuzo. Uma izinyathelo ezimbalwa kuphela zidinga ukubhayiziswa, zingashintshwa ngezinyathelo eziyindingilizi.

Endabeni yezitebhisi ezi-spiral noma ezi-spiral, zonke izinyathelo ziyakhala.

Izitebhisi zokhuni ezi-Spiral ezinama-wedge treads

Umfanekiso — izitebhisi ezi-spiral.

Hlukanisa ngokwenhloso

Ngokwenhloso, izitebhisi zihlukaniswe zibe:

  • ingadi nangaphandle;
  • indawo engaphansi;
  • i-attic;
  • izitebhisi ngaphandle kwezindonga zangaphandle;
  • mezzanine, okungukuthi izitezi zangaphakathi.

Hlukanisa ngezinto ezibonakalayo

  • Izitebhisi zamatshe emvelo zivame ukwenziwa njengengadi noma izitebhisi zangaphandle, kodwa futhi njengezitebhisi zangaphakathi ezakhiweni ezinkulu, ezikoleni nasezikhungweni ezifanayo.
  • Izitezi zikakhonkolo zimelela isixazululo sangaphakathi esingashi sesitezi esingaphansi noma esiphakathi nendawo futhi ziwuhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwezitezi zangaphakathi.
  • Izitezi zezitini azivamile ukwakhiwa, ikakhulukazi njengengadi noma izitezi ezingaphansi.
  • Izitezi zengilazi zenziwe ngengilazi yokuphepha kanye nokhonkolo wengilazi oqinisiwe.
  • Izitebhisi zensimbi zisetshenziswa kancane ezakhiweni zokuhlala, isibonelo njengezitezi zensimbi, futhi zisetshenziswa nasezimbonini.
  • Izitebhisi zokhuni zisetshenziswa ezindlini zemindeni nezakhiwo zokuhlala ezincane.

Izitezi zengadi ezenziwe ngamatshe amatshe angajwayelekile

Umfanekiso — izitezi zetshe lengadi.

Staircase

Uma kunqunywa ukukhuphuka kwezitezi, okungukuthi isilinganiso phakathi kobubanzi bokunyathela b nobude besinyathelo esingu-h, okulandelayo kufanele kucatshangelwe kuzo zonke izitezi:

  • ubude besinyathelo somuntu buvezwa yifomu b +2h =60-64 cm;
  • ukuphepha lapho uhamba kuvezwa ifomu b + h =46 cm;
  • induduzo ngesikhathi sokunyakaza ivezwa yifomu b - h =12 cm.

Uma idatha evela kulawa mafomu amathathu yethulwa ngendlela enemifanekiso yazo zonke izitebhisi ezingase zibe khona, kuvela ukuthi wonke amajika ayaphambana ngesilinganiso sokukhuphuka17/29 cm(h/b), okuyiyona evumayo kakhulu futhi edinga ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuncane kakhulu.

Ezimweni lapho ubuhlobo17/29 cmayikwazi ukufezwa, kuncike enjongweni yesitebhisi ukuthi izobalwa ngokuhambisana nefomu elilula noma ifomu lokuphepha.

Izitezi zangaphandle

Indlela elula kakhulu yezitebhisi zangaphandle isinyathelo noma ipuleti elibekwe phambi komnyango wangaphambili. Ububanzi bawo akumele bube buncane, ukuze umuntu omi phambi komnyango abe nesikhala esanele futhi ukuze lapho evula umnyango ngaphakathi, angami ngokushesha onqenqemeni.

Ngisho nalezi zitebhisi ezilula kufanele zibe nesisekelo esiqinile ukuze zinganyakazi futhi zigobe. Kungcono uma ama-drain odongeni angaphansi, okungukuthi ama-consoles, asetshenziselwa isisekelo.

Uma kwenzeka umehluko omkhulu wokuphakama phakathi komhlaba kanye nonqenqema olungaphezulu lwesitezi esingaphansi, izitebhisi zangaphandle zibekwe ohlangothini olulodwa, ngokuphambene nodonga lwesakhiwo. Izitebhisi zangaphandle zenziwe ngamatshe emvelo, ukhonkolo webanga lokusebenzela noma i-clinker.

Isitebhisi setshe nezitebhisi phambi komnyango wangaphambili wokhuni

Umfanekiso — uqwembe nezitebhisi phambi komnyango ongaphambili.

Interfloor staircases

Izitezi ze-Mezzanine ezenziwe ngetshe lemvelo

Kunezinhlobo ezine kakhulu zezitebhisi ze-mezzanine ezenziwe ngetshe lemvelo:

  1. izinyathelo zokuma ezikhululekile zetshe eliqoshiwe phakathi kwezindonga zobuso, kumakhothamo ebhande noma izisekelo zobuso;
  2. izitebhisi zetshe elibaziweyo kuma-slabs kakhonkolo oqinisiwe;
  3. izitebhisi zamatshe abaziweyo emagumbini angaphansi anezindonga;
  4. izitebhisi ezizimele ezenziwe ngetshe eliqoshiwe elinezitebhisi ezilenga ngaphezulu.

Ukwenza izitebhisi, amatshe emvelo aqinile njengegranite, i-syenite, i-basalt, ama-limestones amahle, amatshe e-quartz sandstone kanye nemabula afanelekile.

Izitezi zikakhonkolo ze-Mezzanine

Izitezi zikakhonkolo zingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko ezinezinhlobo ezincane eziningi:

  1. izitebhisi ezenziwe ngokhonkolo ocindezelwe, njengezitezi ezingaphansi;
  2. izitebhisi ezenziwe ngokhonkolo oqinisiwe;
  3. izitebhisi ezenziwe ngezinto ze-ceramic ezithambekele eziqinisiwe, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwezisekelo zensimbi;
  4. izitebhisi ezenziwe ngezinto zikakhonkolo ezenziwe ngaphambili.

Ukunyathela kwazo zonke izinyathelo zekhonkrithi ezingahlanganiswa nezinye izinto, njengemabula, itshe lokufakelwa ukhonkolo, ama-clinker slabs noma izinkuni, ziqiniswa ngezinto eziqinile zekhonkrithi, ngokuyinhloko ukwandisa ukumelana nokugqoka.

Izitebhisi zikakhonkolo ezakhiwe ngesikhathi kwakhiwa nezitebhisi zangaphandle seziqediwe

Umfanekiso — ukwakhiwa nokubukeka kwezitebhisi zikakhonkolo.

Izitebhisi ze-Mezzanine ezenziwe ngensimbi

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zezitebhisi zensimbi zihlanganisa:

  • izitebhisi ezenziwe ngezisekelo zensimbi ezinezinyathelo ezenziwe ngamatshe emvelo;
  • izitebhisi ezenziwe ngezisekelo zensimbi ezinamabhulokhi okhonkolo noma ukhonkolo;
  • izitebhisi ezenziwe ngezisekelo zensimbi ngezitini;
  • izitebhisi ezenziwe ngezisekelo zensimbi ezinezinyathelo ezixhunyiwe;
  • izitezi ezenziwe ngensimbi ngokuphelele.

Izitebhisi ezivela emaqenjini amane okuqala zivame ukusetshenziselwa izakhiwo zokuhlala, kanye nezinsimbi ngokugcwele ikakhulukazi ezakhiweni zezimboni.

Izitezi Zensimbi Zezimboni Zangempela Ezinomzila

Umfanekiso — izitezi zensimbi.

Izitezi zokhuni ze-Mezzanine

Ngokwendlela yokwakha nokuxhumana kwezitebhisi ezinobuso, kunezinhlobo ezinhlanu zezitebhisi zokhuni:

  1. vimba izitebhisi;
  2. izitebhisi ezishunyekiwe, okungukuthi izitebhisi ezisontekile;
  3. izitebhisi ezinezitebhisi ezigobile;
  4. izitebhisi ezinezitebhisi ezigobe ngokuphelele;
  5. izitezi ezinezinyathelo ezakhelwe ngaphakathi.

Izitebhisi zokhuni zasendlini ezinemilenze emibili ezinezinsimbi

Umfanekiso — izitezi zokhuni ze-mezzanine.

Izitezi ezinokunyathela okwakhelwe ngaphakathi zilula, ziqondile futhi ezinomlenze owodwa. Isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukufinyelela ophahleni, izindawo zokugcina ezolimo, ama-cellars kanye nezikhala ezifanayo. Inokunyathela kuphela okushumekwe kumanotshi ezihlathini ekujuleni okungu-20–30 mm. Ugqinsi lwamasoli 30–50 mm.

Izitezi zokhuni ezibaluleke kakhulu, ezicishe zisetshenziswe ngokukhethekile ukuxhuma phansi, zifaka izitebhisi ezinezitebhisi ezigobile. Ukunyathela kwayo namabunzi ayo aminyene ezihlathini zombili ekujuleni okungu-18–20 mm. Ugqinsi lwesihlathi sangaphandle sithi 45–70 mm, kanti ingaphakathi 36–60 mm.