** Ceebtoom txog cov ntsiab lus thiab kev nyab xeeb:** Qhov no yog cov ntawv sau cia, tsis yog ib qhov project, kev suav lej lossis cov lus qhia rau kev tsim cov ntaiv. Cov duab yog cov duab piav qhia ntawm hom thiab cov txheej txheem thiab tsis sawv cev rau cov haujlwm uas tau lees paub ntawm Savo Kusić. Kev tsim thiab kev tsim cov ntaiv yuav tsum tau tso siab rau cov neeg tsim qauv tsim nyog thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm cog lus, ua raws li cov kev cai siv tau, kev suav zoo li qub thiab cov xwm txheej ntawm cov khoom tshwj xeeb.

Cov ntaiv tsis yog ib feem ntawm lub tuam txhab kev tshaj tawm tshiab rau pej xeem. Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tsim khoom tam sim no muaj xws li ntoo qhov rais, ntoo-aluminium Qhov rais thiab lub qhov rooj customized. Rau ib qhov project tshwj xeeb, koj tuaj yeem xa thov rau cov lus hais.

Lub luag haujlwm thiab kev faib theem pib ntawm stairs

A staircase yog cov qauv uas muaj cov kab kab rov tav, piv txwv li treads, uas yog hu ua stairs. Nws tso cai rau kev txav ntsug ntawm qib sib txawv hauv cov tsev, tsev, sab nraum zoov thiab lwm qhov chaw. Cov ntaiv feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cov ntoo, hlau, pob zeb lossis cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke.

Lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub staircase yog ua kom muaj kev sib txuas lus ntsug ntawm cov plag tsev lossis theem, kov yeej qhov siab qhov sib txawv thiab txuas qhov chaw. Stairs los ntawm cov duab sib txawv thiab cov qauv, los ntawm cov ntoo classic mus rau cov qauv hlau niaj hnub.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas lub staircase yog tsim thiab tsim kom muaj kev nyab xeeb hauv siab, suav nrog txoj kab nqes kom zoo, qib siab thiab qhov tob, railing thiab teeb pom kev zoo, tiv thaiv kev raug mob thiab ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb.

Raws li cov duab ntawm lub hauv paus, lub hom phiaj thiab cov khoom siv rau kev tsim kho, staircases tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob peb pawg.

faib los ntawm cov duab

Ib-ceg staircase

A ncaj lossis ncaj staircase tsis hloov nws txoj kev. Nyob ntawm qhov chaw tsaws, piv txwv li tsaws, nws tuaj yeem tsis muaj kev tsaws lossis nrog ob peb.

Tseem ib leeg- ceg ntoo staircase nrog qhib treads

  • Daim duab — ib-legged ntoo staircase.*

Cov Staircase

Thaum muaj qhov tawg, muab kauv, ob txhais ceg, peb ceg lossis ntau ceg staircase, txhais ceg hloov kev taw qhia. Daim ntawv tshaj plaws yog ob-legged staircase tawg ntawm lub kaum sab xis, qhov twg ceg sab sauv pib los ntawm lub xwmfab tsaws thiab txuas mus rau qhov kev taw qhia ntawm sab ceg.

Feem ntau hom staircase feem ntau yog ob-legged tawg staircase uas nws txhais caj npab txuas mus rau sab nraud, ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm 180°. Muaj peb-legged thiab plaub-legged staircases nrog landings nyob rau hauv cov ces kaum.

Ob-legged ntoo staircase nrog ob txhais ceg nyob rau hauv opposite directions

  • Daim duab - ob-legged staircase nrog ob txhais ceg ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm 180°.*

ob-legged ntoo staircase nrog nruab nrab tsaws nyob rau hauv lub ces kaum

  • Daim duab - ob-legged staircase nrog rau nruab nrab tsaws.*

Beveled, rounded thiab kauv staircase

Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm staircases nrog cov kauj ruam beveled, thiaj li yuav txuag tau qhov chaw, lawv tuaj yeem hloov tag nrho lossis ib nrab nrog cov kauj ruam-beveled.

Slaned stairs feem ntau tsis xis nyob rau kev taug kev. Thaum tsuas yog ob peb kauj ruam yuav tsum tau beveled, lawv tuaj yeem hloov nrog cov kauj ruam sib npaug.

Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib tug kauv los yog kauv staircase, tag nrho cov kauj ruam yog bevelled.

Siv kauv ntoo staircase with wedge treads

  • Daim duab — kauv staircase.*

Division raws li lub hom phiaj

Raws li lub hom phiaj, cov ntaiv tau muab faib ua:

  • vaj thiab sab nraum zoov;
  • hauv qab daus;
  • qab nthab;
  • ntaiv sab nraum phab ntsa;
  • mezzanine, i.e. Internal staircases.

Division by material

  • **Natural stairs ** feem ntau yog ua vaj lossis sab nraum zoov ntaiv, tab sis kuj yog cov ntaiv sab hauv hauv cov tsev loj, tsev kawm ntawv thiab cov chaw zoo sib xws.
  • Kub staircases sawv cev rau cov tshuaj uas tsis yog-combustible rau hauv qab daus los yog inter-ploor kev sib txuas lus thiab yog cov feem ntau hom ntawm sab hauv staircase.
  • Brick stairs tsis tshua tsim, feem ntau yog vaj lossis hauv qab ntaiv.
  • Glass stairs yog ua los ntawm cov iav kev nyab xeeb thiab cov iav reinforced.
  • **Steel stairs ** yog ib feem siv nyob rau hauv cov tsev nyob, piv txwv li cov ntawv steel stairs, thiab kuj siv nyob rau hauv factories.
  • ** Ntoo stairs ** yog siv hauv tsev neeg thiab cov tsev me me.

Lub vaj stairs ua los ntawm cov pob zeb tsis sib xws

  • Daim duab — vaj pob zeb staircase.*

Staircase

Thaum txiav txim siab tus ntaiv nce, piv txwv li qhov sib piv ntawm qhov dav dav * b * thiab qib siab * h *, cov hauv qab no yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tus account rau tag nrho cov ntaiv:

  • qhov ntev ntawm tib neeg cov kauj ruam yog qhia los ntawm daim ntawv * b +2h =60-64 cm*;
  • kev nyab xeeb thaum taug kev yog qhia los ntawm daim ntawv * b + h =46 cm*;
  • kev nplij siab thaum lub zog yog qhia los ntawm daim ntawv * b - h =12 cm*.

Yog hais tias cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm peb daim ntawv no tau nthuav tawm graphically rau tag nrho cov ua tau stair ascents, nws hloov tawm hais tias tag nrho cov curves cuam tshuam nyob rau hauv lub ascent piv ntawm17/29 cm(h/b), uas yog nyob deb ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws thiab yuav tsum tau siv lub zog tsawg kawg nkaus.

Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub uas kev sib raug zoo17/29 cmtsis tuaj yeem ua tiav, nws nyob ntawm lub hom phiaj ntawm lub staircase seb nws puas yuav raug xam raws li daim ntawv yooj yim lossis daim ntawv kev nyab xeeb.

Sab nrauv staircase

Daim ntawv yooj yim tshaj plaws ntawm sab nrauv staircase yog ib kauj ruam lossis phaj tso rau pem hauv ntej ntawm lub qhov rooj. Lawv qhov dav yuav tsum tsis txhob me me, yog li tus neeg sawv ntawm lub qhov rooj muaj qhov chaw txaus thiab yog li ntawd thaum qhib lub qhov rooj los ntawm sab hauv, nws tsis tam sim ntawd sawv ntawm ntug.

Txawm tias cov ntaiv yooj yim no yuav tsum muaj lub hauv paus ruaj khov kom lawv tsis txav mus los thiab khoov. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj yog tias cov phab ntsa hauv qab daus, piv txwv li consoles, yog siv rau hauv paus.

Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm qhov siab loj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov av thiab lub Upper ntug ntawm lub hauv pem teb, lub sab nrauv ntaiv yog muab tso rau ib sab, transversely rau phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev. Sab nrauv ntaiv yog ua los ntawm ntuj pob zeb, rhiav qib pob zeb los yog clinker.

Slab pob zeb thiab cov kauj ruam nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm lub qhov rooj ntoo

  • Cov duab kos - plaque thiab cov kauj ruam nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm lub qhov rooj.*

Interfloor staircases

Mezzanine staircase ua los ntawm ntuj pob zeb

Muaj plaub hom mezzanine staircases ua los ntawm ntuj pob zeb:

  1. Cov kauj ruam dawb ntawm cov pob zeb hewn ntawm lub ntsej muag phab ntsa, ntawm txoj siv arches lossis lub ntsej muag txhawb nqa;
  2. hewn pob zeb cov kauj ruam ntawm inclined reinforced pob zeb slabs;
  3. hewn pob zeb kauj ruam ntawm phab ntsa vaults;
  4. dawb-sawv stairs ua los ntawm hewn pob zeb nrog overhanging kauj ruam.

Rau ua cov ntaiv, cov pob zeb ntuj xws li granite, syenite, basalt, zoo limestones, quartz sandstones thiab marble yog haum.

Mezzanine qhob staircase

Qhob stairs tuaj yeem muab faib ua plaub hom loj nrog ntau yam subtypes:

  1. stairs ua los ntawm cov pob zeb nias, zoo li hauv qab daus ntaiv;
  2. cov ntaiv ua los ntawm cov pob zeb muaj zog;
  3. stairs ua los ntawm inclined reinforced ceramic ntsiab, feem ntau ntawm cov kev txhawb nqa steel;
  4. stairs ua los ntawm prefabricated pob zeb ntsiab.

Cov treads ntawm tag nrho cov kauj ruam uas tsis tau them nrog lwm yam ntaub ntawv, xws li marble, pob zeb dag dag, clinker slabs los yog ntoo, yog ntxiv dag zog rau cov khoom ua vaj tse, feem ntau yuav ua rau kom tsis txhob hnav.

Concrete staircase formwork thaum lub sij hawm tsim kho thiab sab nrauv ntaiv tiav

  • Cov duab kos duab - kev tsim kho thiab pom ntawm lub pob zeb staircase.*

Mezzanine staircase ua los ntawm steel

Lub ntsiab hom steel ntaiv muaj xws li:

  • staircase ua los ntawm steel kev txhawb nqa nrog cov kauj ruam ua los ntawm ntuj pob zeb;
  • staircase ua los ntawm steel kev txhawb nqa nrog pob zeb lossis pob zeb;
  • staircase ua los ntawm steel txhawb nrog cib;
  • staircase ua los ntawm steel kev txhawb nqa nrog cov kauj ruam txuas;
  • staircase tag nrho ua los ntawm steel.

Staircases los ntawm thawj plaub pawg feem ntau yog siv rau cov tsev nyob, thiab tag nrho cov hlau tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov tsev lag luam.

Real Industrial Steel Staircase with Railing

Illustration — steel staircase.

Mezzanine ntoo staircase

Raws li txoj kev tsim kho thiab kev sib txuas ntawm cov ntaiv nrog lub ntsej muag, muaj tsib hom ntaiv ntoo:

  1. thaiv staircase;
  2. staircase nrog embedded, i.e. wedged treads;
  3. staircase nrog grooved treads;
  4. staircase nrog tag nrho grooved cov kauj ruam;
  5. staircase nrog cov kauj ruam ua ke.

Ob-legged sab hauv ntoo staircase nrog railing

  • Daim duab - mezzanine ntoo staircase.*

Stairs nrog built-in treads yog ib qho yooj yim, ncaj thiab ib-legged. Nws yog siv tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau kev nkag mus rau lub ru tsev, kev ua liaj ua teb warehouses, cellars thiab cov chaw zoo sib xws. Nws tsuas muaj treads uas yog embedded rau hauv pliaj notches ntawm ib tug tob ntawm 20–30 mm. Lub thickness ntawm lub hauv caug yog 30–50 mm.

Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntoo staircases, uas yuav luag tsuas yog siv rau kev sib txuas hauv pem teb, suav nrog cov staircase nrog cov kauj ruam grooved. Nws treads thiab hauv pliaj yog grooved nyob rau hauv ob sab plhu ntawm ib tug tob ntawm 18–20 mm. Lub thickness ntawm sab plhu yog 45–70 mm, thiab sab hauv 36–60 mm.