Imikhiqizo nezakhi zokwakha zokubaza kufanele zibe nenhlanzeko, zibe zinhle futhi zikhululeke lapho uzisebenzisa; zingahlukaniswa zibe ifremu, ipuleti kanye ne-frame-plate, enomumo we-rectilinear kanye ne-curvilinear.
Ukuziphatha kwezinkuni lapho ushintsha izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama
Ngaphansi kwethonya lokushisa nomswakama, ukhuni lungashintsha ubukhulu balo ngaphakathi kwemingcele emikhulu impela. Ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, lapho ukoma kusuka emkhawulweni we-hygroscopicity (umswakama) kuya esimweni esomile ngokuphelele, kuye ngezinhlobo zezilwane, ukhuni lushintsha ubukhulu balo emiculweni0,1ku0,3%, endaweni ye-radial ye3ku6%futhi endleleni tangential for6ku10%.
Ngakho-ke, phakathi nonyaka, umswakama weminyango ye-beech yangaphandle uyashintsha10ku26%. Lokhu kusho ukuthi wonke amapulangwe kulowo mnyango, okuyinto ebanzi100 mm, uma isimanzi, ikhulisa ubukhulu bayo5,8 mmfuthi incipha ngenani elifanayo lapho isomile. Kulokhu, imifantu ivela phakathi kwamabhodi.
Lokhu kungagwenywa uma imikhiqizo yokubaza yakhiwe ngendlela yokuthi izinguquko ezingenakugwenywa zezingxenye ngazinye zomkhiqizo zenziwa ngokukhululekile, ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukuma namandla. Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, lapho wenza umnyango ngefreyimu, lolu hlaka, olufakwe emigodini ye-friezes eqondile yohlaka, kufanele ibe negebe2ku3 mm, kodwa ukuze kuthi lapho sesomile, singaphumi emseleni (isib1).
Isithombe1: Isicabha esiphambanayo nesifaka
Imikhiqizo yokubaza kufanele yenziwe ngama-slats amakhulu amancane noma anamathele (amafreyimu eminyango yebhodi, amabhodi okubaza, njll.).
Layisha inkomba kanye nokuxhumana kwezinto
Izinto zokwakha zokubaza azihlushwa yizingcindezi eziphakeme ezimile noma eziguqukayo ngesikhathi sokuxhashazwa kwazo. Kodwa nokho, lapho kwakhiwa le mikhiqizo, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi isiqondiso sokungezwani sihambisana nesiqondiso semicu yokhuni, noma siphambuke kancane kuso. Uma kungenjalo, amandla wezakhi angancishiswa kakhulu.
Izinto zemikhiqizo yokwakha yokubaza ngalapho noma nge-engeli zixhunywe enye kwenye kusetshenziswa amapulaki namanotshi — amadowel, kusetshenziswa iglu, izikulufu, itheyiphu yensimbi nezinzipho.
Cap and mortise
Izikhathi eziningi, izinto zixhunywa kusetshenziswa amapulaki namanotshi. Amandla okuxhumana kwezakhi kupulaki kanye notch kuncike kumswakama wento kanye nokunemba kwepulaki kanye notch.
Izinto eziningi zokwakha zokubaza zixhunywe ngepulaki elula noma ekabili onomumo oyisicaba noma oyindilinga. Kodwa-ke, lapho kwenziwa iminyango, amaweji ayindilinga asetshenziswa kakhulu - amadowels okuxhuma izinto eziqondile nezivundlile, amafreyimu eminyango anezinto ezifakiwe, njll. Lokhu kuxhumana akuwehlisi amandla omkhiqizo, futhi kunikeza 17% ukonga ngokhuni uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela.
Lapho wenza izicabha, ifenisha yegumbi eyakhelwe ngaphakathi, amakhabethe ezikheshi, njll. amangaphambili amabhodi namabhilidi anamathiselwe kupulaki ekabili, ngepulaki nenotshi kanye nepulaki nenotshi ngezinyo. Kulezi zimo, amabhodi nama-slats axhunywe ngamapulaki ayisicaba noma ayindilinga namanotshi noma amaweji okhuni afakiwe (izithombe 2, 3 kanye 4).
Isithombe2: Izinto zomnyango onamathelisiwe
Isithombe3: Imininingwane yokuxhumana kwepulangwe
Isithombe4: Ukuxhumana kwezingxenye eziqondile nezivundlile zomnyango ngezikhonkwane eziyindilinga ezifakiwe
Ubukhulu bepulaki nezinto
Ukuze umkhiqizo uqine futhi ube nokuqina okwanele, kufanele kube nobudlelwane obuthile phakathi kobukhulu bepulaki nezinto. Kunconywa izilinganiso zobukhulu ezilandelayo:
- ububanzi benhliziyo kufanele bulingane nengxenye yobubanzi besici lapho i-groove ikhona;
- ubude bepulaki kufanele bulingane nobubanzi bonke be-beam noma ibhodi kukhishwe amahlombe okuxhumana;
- ukushuba kwepulaki yangempela yenziwe1/3ku1/7, kanye nobukhulu bepulaki ephindwe kabili ukusuka1/3ku2/9ubukhulu besici;
- usayizi wehlombe we1/3ku2/7okwepulaki yokuqala futhi ukusuka1/5ku1/6Ubukhulu besici sepulaki ephindwe kabili;
- ububanzi benotshi yepulaki ephindwe kabili kufanele bulingane nobukhulu bepulaki ngokwayo.
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zokuxhuma. Okubaluleke kakhulu kubo kunikezwe esithombeni5.
Isithombe5: Izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuxhumanisa ukubaza
Gluing amapuleti, ulimi kanye groove
Ekusebenzeni, amabhodi ikakhulukazi ahlanganiswe neglue ezinhlangothini zokuxhumana, olimini kanye ne-groove enobuchopho. Lapho ama-joists exhunywe ububanzi nge-glue, izinhlangothi ezixhumayo zama-joists kufanele zibhojwe kahle, zihlanganiswe ngokushesha zibe amapuleti futhi ziboshwe ku-clamp ene-wedges. Amabhodi anamathiselwe kufanele ahlelwe ezinhlangothini zombili ku-planer enamaceleni amabili, ukuze asuse ukungalingani okudalwe ngesikhathi sokunamathisela.
Ulimi kanye ne-groove kungaba unxande, unxantathu, u-semi-circular, oval noma umsila wejuba. Le ndlela isetshenziswa kaningi lapho kwenziwa amafreyimu eminyango, i-parquet, izakhi eziqondile nezivundlile zeminyango ephuma emfucumfucwini emishinini ekhethekile - imishini yokujoyina ngokuzenzakalela futhi idinga ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kwezinkuni, ngakho-ke kufanele isetshenziswe kuphela uma kunesidingo esikhulu.
Ukuxhumana ne-chipboard kusetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwe-parquet phansi. Ubuchopho benziwe ngokhuni oluthambile.
Izikulufu, izibophelelo zensimbi namadowels okhuni
Izakhi zefasitela nezicabha, ifenisha yasekhaya eyakhelwe ngaphakathi, ama-elevator cabins, njll. ziboshelwe ngezikulufo. Ngaphambi kokuphenduka, izikrini kufanele zigcotshwe nge-stearin, i-graphite ehlakazwe emafutheni emifino, amafutha nokunye okunjalo.
Ezindaweni lapho izikulufa zizofika khona, kufanele kubhojwe izimbobo, ukujula kwazo cishe kulingane nokuphindwe kabili ukujula kwentambo. Uma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kudingekile ukuxhuma izakhi ezimbili zobukhulu obukhulu, khona-ke imbobo elingana nobubanzi be-screw iboshiwe.
Ukuxhumana kusetshenziswa izinsimbi zokubopha (isib6) azivame ukusetshenziswa ekusebenzeni, kodwa zingasetshenziselwa ukuxhumanisa izakhi eziqondile ezinezingqimba, ukugcwalisa iminyango neminyango ngokugcwalisa.
Isithombe6: Ukuxhumana kusetshenziswa izinsimbi zokubopha
Ukuxhuma usebenzisa izipikili akusetshenziselwa ukuxhuma izakhi zokubaza. Ama-wedges okhuni asetshenziselwa ukwenziwa kwamafasitela, iminyango kanye neminye imikhiqizo yokwakha yokubaza, bese kuba ukubopha okungeziwe kwezakhi ezindaweni zokuxhuma kwabo nokuvimbela ukuguquguquka kwamafreyimu ahlukahlukene ngesikhathi sokuxhashazwa kwabo.
Gluing kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwezakhiwo
Isici sesici sokuxhumeka kokubaza kusetshenziswa amapulaki ukuthi angenziwa kuphela ngokusetshenziswa kweglue. Lokhu kuxhumana akumele kwenziwe ngaphandle kokunamatheliswa. Izakhi ezihlanganiswe ndawonye kufanele zihlale ziqinile ku-clamp okungenani6amahora ngaphansi kwengcindezi evela2ku12 kg/cm².
Izakhi ezinkulu zemikhiqizo yokubaza zingahlanganiswa ngokunamathisela izakhi ezincane ezivela ohlotsheni olulodwa lokhuni, kanye nokuhlanganisa izinhlobo ezinhle nezinkuni ezijwayelekile. Izinto ezimile nezivundlile zamafasitela, iminyango, amabhokisi neminye imikhiqizo zingenziwa ngokhuni lwe-coniferous olunamathiselwe, olumbozwe ngamapulangwe aminyene e-oki.8-10 mm(isithombe7). Kungcono ukunamathisela izakhi bese uzimboza ngokhuni usebenzisa ama-adhesive e-phenol-formaldehyde azinzile emanzini.
Isithombe7: Amafasitela anamathelisiwe nezicabha, embozwe ngamathayela okhuni oluqinile
Ukuhlanganisa uhlaka kanye nokwakhiwa kwamaphaneli kwenziwa kusetshenziswa izinsimbi zemishini, ze-hydraulic noma ze-pneumatic.
Amawindi nezicabha ezenziwe ngokwezifiso
Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe kwezisombululo zesimanje, bona amafasitela epulangwe, amafasitela okhuni-aluminium kanye nomnyango noma uthumele isicelo sekhotheshini.