Zopanga ndi zinthu zopangira ukalipentala ziyenera kukhala zaukhondo, zokongola komanso zomasuka mukazigwiritsa ntchito; atha kugawidwa mu chimango, mbale ndi chimango mbale, ndi rectilinear ndi curvilinear mawonekedwe.
Khalidwe la nkhuni posintha kutentha ndi chinyezi
Chifukwa cha kutentha ndi chinyezi, nkhuni zimatha kusintha kukula kwake mkati mwa malire akuluakulu. Chifukwa chake, mwachitsanzo, mukaumitsa kuchokera kumalire a hygroscopicity (chinyezi) kupita kumalo owuma kwathunthu, kutengera mitundu, nkhuni zimasintha miyeso yake motsatira ulusi kuti0,1ku0,3%, mu njira yozungulira ya3ku6%ndi mu njira ya tangential kwa6ku10%.
Choncho, m’chaka, chinyezi cha zitseko za beech zakunja chimasintha kuchokera10ku26%. Izi zikutanthauza kuti bolodi lililonse pakhomo limenelo, lomwe ndi lalikulu100 mm, ikanyowa, imachulukitsa miyeso yake5,8 mmndipo umachepa mofanana ndi momwe uuma. Pankhaniyi, ming’alu imawonekera pakati pa matabwa.
Izi zikhoza kupewedwa ngati mankhwala opala matabwa amamangidwa m’njira yakuti kusintha kosalephereka kwa magawo amtundu wa mankhwala kumachitika momasuka, popanda kusokoneza mawonekedwe ndi mphamvu. Chifukwa chake, mwachitsanzo, popanga chitseko chokhala ndi chimango, chimango ichi, chomwe chimayikidwa m’mizere ya friezes yoyima ya chimango, chiyenera kukhala ndi kusiyana.2ku3 mm, koma kotero kuti, ikauma kotheratu, isatulukebe m’mphako (mkuyu1).
*Chithunzi1: Chitseko chodutsana ndi choyikapo *
Zopangira ukalipentala ziyenera kupangidwa ndi ma slats opapatiza kapena omatira (mafelemu a zitseko zamatabwa, matabwa opala matabwa, ndi zina).
Mayendedwe a katundu ndi kulumikizana kwa zinthu
Zomangamanga zaukakalipentala sizimavutika ndi kupsinjika kwakukulu kapena kusinthasintha panthawi yomwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito. Komabe, popanga zinthuzi, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti mayendedwe azovuta agwirizane ndi ulusi wamatabwa, kapena amapatuka pang’ono. Apo ayi, mphamvu za zinthu zimatha kuchepetsedwa kwambiri.
Zida zopangira ukalipentala molunjika kapena pakona zimalumikizidwa wina ndi mnzake pogwiritsa ntchito mapulagi ndi makoko - ma dowels, kugwiritsa ntchito zomatira, zomangira, tepi yachitsulo ndi misomali.
Cap and mortise
Nthawi zambiri, zinthuzo zimalumikizidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mapulagi ndi notch. Mphamvu ya kugwirizana kwa zinthu ku pulagi ndi mphako zimadalira chinyezi cha zinthu ndi kulondola kwa pulagi ndi notch.
Zinthu zambiri zomangira zaukalipentala zimalumikizidwa ndi pulagi yosavuta kapena iwiri yomwe imakhala ndi mawonekedwe osalala kapena ozungulira. Komabe, popanga zitseko, ma wedge ozungulira amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri - ma dowels olumikizira zinthu zowongoka ndi zopingasa, mafelemu a zitseko okhala ndi zoyikapo, ndi zina zotero. Kulumikizana kumeneku sikuchepetsa mphamvu ya mankhwalawa, ndipo kumapereka 17% kupulumutsa matabwa poyerekeza ndi njira zina.
Popanga zitseko, mipando yomangidwa m’zipinda, zipinda zokwezera, ndi zina zotere mbali za matabwa ndi ma billets zimamangiriridwa ku pulagi iwiri, pulagi ndi notch komanso pulagi ndi notch yokhala ndi dzino. Pazochitikazi, matabwa ndi masilati amalumikizidwa ndi mapulagi athyathyathya kapena ozungulira ndi notche kapena zomangira zamatabwa (zithunzi 2, 3 ndi 4).
*Chithunzi2: Zinthu za zitseko zomatira *
*Chithunzi3: Zambiri zamalumikizidwe a plank *
*Chithunzi4: Kulumikizana kwa mbali zoyima ndi zopingasa za chitseko ndi zikhomo zozungulira zoyikapo *
Makulidwe a pulagi ndi zinthu
Kuti mankhwalawa akhale olimba komanso okhazikika mokwanira, payenera kukhala mgwirizano wina pakati pa miyeso ya pulagi ndi zinthu. Magawo otsatirawa amalimbikitsidwa:
- m’lifupi mwa mtima kuyenera kukhala wofanana ndi theka la m’lifupi mwa chinthu chomwe groove ili;
- kutalika kwa pulagi kuyenera kukhala kofanana ndi m’lifupi lonse la mtengo kapena bolodi kuchotsera mapewa a kugwirizana;
- makulidwe a pulagi weniweni amapangidwa kuchokera1/3ku1/7, ndi makulidwe a pulagi iwiri kuchokera1/3ku2/9makulidwe a element;
- mapewa kukula kwa1/3ku2/7kwa pulagi yoyamba ndi kuchokera1/5ku1/6makulidwe a chinthu cha pulagi iwiri;
- m’lifupi mwa notch ya pulagi iwiri iyenera kukhala yofanana ndi makulidwe a pulagi palokha.
Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana yolumikizirana. Zofunika kwambiri za iwo zaperekedwa mu chithunzi5.
*Chithunzi5: Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yolumikizira ukalipentala *
Zimbale zolumikizira, lilime ndi poyambira
Pochita, matabwa nthawi zambiri amamangiriridwa ndi guluu kumbali yolumikizana, pa lilime ndi poyambira ndi ubongo. Pamene ma joists olumikizidwa m’lifupi mwake ndi guluu, mbali zolumikizira za ma joists ziyenera kubowoledwa bwino, ndikusonkhanitsidwa m’mbale ndikumangirira ndi zomangira. Mapulani opangidwa ndi glue ayenera kukonzedwa kumbali zonse ziwiri pa planer ya mbali ziwiri, kuti achotse kusagwirizana komwe kunapangidwa panthawi ya gluing.
Lilime ndi poyambira amatha kukhala amakona anayi, katatu, semi-circular, oval kapena dovetail. Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri popanga mafelemu a zitseko, parquet, zinthu zowongoka komanso zopingasa pazitseko za zinyalala pamakina apadera - makina olumikizirana okha ndipo amafunikira matabwa ambiri, motero ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha ngati pakufunika kufunikira.
Kulumikizana ndi chipboard kumagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga parquet pansi. Ubongo umapangidwa ndi matabwa ofewa.
Zomangira, zomangira zitsulo ndi ma dowels amatabwa
Zinthu zamawindo ndi zitseko, mipando yanyumba yomangidwa, zipinda zokwezera, ndi zina zambiri zimamangidwa ndi zomangira. Asanatembenuke, zomangirazo ziyenera kudzoza ndi stearin, graphite kusungunuka mu mafuta a masamba, mafuta ndi zina zotero.
M’malo omwe zomangira zidzabwera, mabowo ayenera kubowoledwa, kuya kwake pafupifupi kofanana ndi kuwirikiza kwa ulusi. Ngati, kumbali ina, ndikofunikira kulumikiza zinthu ziwiri za makulidwe akulu, ndiye kuti dzenje lofanana ndi m’mimba mwake la screw limabowoleredwa.
Kulumikizana pogwiritsa ntchito zomangira zachitsulo (mkuyu6) sagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri, koma angagwiritsidwe ntchito pogwirizanitsa zinthu zowongoka ndi zopingasa, kudzaza zitseko ndi zitseko ndi kudzaza.
*Chithunzi6: Kulumikizana pogwiritsa ntchito zomangira zachitsulo *
Kulumikizana pogwiritsa ntchito misomali sikugwiritsidwa ntchito polumikiza zinthu za ukalipentala. Mitengo yamatabwa imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mazenera, zitseko ndi zinthu zina zomangira zamatabwa, ndiye kuti zowonjezera zowonjezera pazinthu zomwe zimagwirizanitsa ndi kuteteza mapindikidwe a mafelemu osiyanasiyana panthawi yomwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Gluing ndi kuphatikiza zomanga
Chikhalidwe cholumikizira ukalipentala pogwiritsa ntchito mapulagi ndikuti amatha kuchitidwa pogwiritsa ntchito guluu. Zolumikizira izi siziyenera kupangidwa popanda gluing. Zinthu zomwe zimamatira pamodzi ziyenera kukhala zolimba mu clamp osachepera6maola opanikizika kuchokera2ku12 kg/cm².
Zinthu zazikuluzikulu zopangidwa ndi ukalipentala zitha kusonkhanitsidwa pomatira tinthu tating’ono tamtundu umodzi wamatabwa, komanso kuphatikiza mitundu yolemekezeka ndi matabwa wamba. Zoyima komanso zopingasa za mazenera, zitseko, mabokosi ndi zinthu zina zitha kupangidwa ndi matabwa a coniferous omatira, ophimbidwa ndi matabwa a oak wandiweyani.8-10 mm(chithunzi7). Ndikwabwino kumata zinthuzo ndikuziphimba ndi matabwa pogwiritsa ntchito zomatira za phenol-formaldehyde zomwe zimakhala zokhazikika m’madzi.
*Chithunzi7: Zenera zomatira ndi zitseko, zokutidwa ndi matailosi amatabwa olimba *
Kumanga chimango ndi mapanelo kumapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito makina, ma hydraulic kapena pneumatic clamps.
Mawindo opangidwa mwamakonda ndi zitseko
Kuti muwone mayankho amakono, onani mazenera amatabwa, mazenera a matabwa a aluminiyamu ndi khomo kapena tumizani pempho la mawuwo.