Imveliso yolwakhiwo lokuchwela kunye nezinto kufuneka zicoceke, zibe ntle kwaye zikhululeke xa uzisebenzisa; zinokwahlulwa ngokwesakhelo, ipleyiti kunye nesakhelo-pleyiti, enemilo yerectilinear kunye necurvilinear.
Ukuziphatha komthi xa utshintsha ubushushu kunye nokufuma
Phantsi kweempembelelo zamaqondo obushushu kunye nokufuma, iinkuni zinokutshintsha imilinganiselo yazo ngaphakathi kwemida emikhulu. Ngoko, umzekelo, xa womisa ukusuka kumda we-hygroscopicity (umswakama) ukuya kwindawo eyomileyo ngokupheleleyo, kuxhomekeke kwiintlobo, iinkuni zitshintsha imilinganiselo yazo kunye neefayili0,1ukuya0,3%, kwicala le-radial ye3ukuya6%kwaye kwicala tangential for6ukuya10%.
Ngaloo ndlela, ngexesha lonyaka, ukufuma kweengcango ze-beech zangaphandle kutshintsha ukusuka10ukuya26%. Oku kuthetha ukuba yonke ibhodi kulo mnyango, nto leyo ebanzi100 mm, xa imanzi, inyusa imilinganiselo yayo5,8 mmkwaye iyancipha ngomlinganiselo ofanayo xa yomile. Kule meko, ukuqhekeka kubonakala phakathi kweebhodi.
Oku kunokuphetshwa ukuba iimveliso zokuchwela zakhiwe ngendlela enokuthi utshintsho olungenakuphepheka lwenxalenye nganye yemveliso lwenziwa ngokukhululekileyo, ngaphandle kokuphazamisa imilo kunye namandla. Ngoko ke, umzekelo, xa usenza ucango ngesakhelo, esi sakhelo, esifakwe kwiigrooves zefriezes ezithe nkqo zesakhelo, kufuneka sibe nesithuba.2ukuya3 mm, kodwa ukuze, xa yomile ngokupheleleyo, ingaphumi emseleni (umkhiwane1).
Umfanekiso1: Indawo enqamlezileyo yocango kunye nofakelo
Iimveliso zokuchwela kufuneka zenziwe ngee-slats ezimxinwa ezinkulu okanye ezincangathiweyo (iifreyimu zeengcango zebhodi, iibhodi zokuchwela, njl. njl.).
Umkhombandlela womthwalo kunye noqhagamshelo lwezinto
Izinto zokwakha zokuchwela azikhathazwa kuxinzelelo oluphezulu lwe-static okanye oluguqukayo ngexesha lokuxhaphazwa kwazo. Nangona kunjalo, xa kwakhiwa ezi mveliso, kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuba isalathiso soxinzelelo sihambelana nesikhokelo semicu yokhuni, okanye siphambuke kancinci kuyo. Ngaphandle koko, amandla ezinto ezinokunciphisa kakhulu.
Iziqalelo zeemveliso zokwakha zokuchwela kwicala okanye kwi-engile ziqhagamshelwe enye kwenye kusetyenziswa iiplagi kunye neenotshi — iidowels, kusetyenziswa iglu, izikrufu, iteyiphu yentsimbi kunye nezikhonkwane.
Cap kunye ne-mortise
Amaxesha amaninzi, izinto ziyadityaniswa kusetyenziswa iiplagi kunye neenotshi. Amandla okudibanisa kwezinto kwiplagi kunye nenotshi kuxhomekeke kumswakama wezinto eziphathekayo kunye nokuchaneka kweplagi kunye notch.
Izinto ezininzi zokwakha zokuchwela ziqhagamshelwe ngeplagi elula okanye ephindwe kabini enemilo ecaba okanye engqukuva. Nangona kunjalo, xa usenza iingcango, i-wedges ejikelezileyo isetyenziswa ngokubanzi - iidowels zokudibanisa izinto ezithe nkqo nezithe tyaba, iifreyimu zeengcango kunye nokufakwa, njl. Ezi nxibelelwano azinciphisi amandla emveliso, kwaye zibonelela 17% ukugcinwa kweenkuni xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindlela.
Xa usenza iingcango, ifanitshala yegumbi elakhelwe ngaphakathi, iikhabhathi zelifti, njl. njl. Umphambili weebhodi kunye neebhilithi zincanyathiselwe kwiplagi ephindwe kabini, kunye neplagi kunye nenotshi kunye neplagi kunye nenotshi enezinyo. Kule meko, iibhodi kunye nee-slats zidibaniswe kunye neeplagi ezisicaba okanye ezijikelezileyo kunye neenotshi okanye iiweji zomthi ezifakwe (imifanekiso 2, 3 kunye 4).
Umfanekiso2: Izinto zocango olucandiweyo
Umfanekiso3: Iinkcukacha zoqhagamshelwano lwePlank
Umfanekiso4: Ukudityaniswa kweendawo ezithe nkqo nezithe tyaba zocango ezinezikhonkwane ezingqukuva ezifakelweyo
Imilinganiselo yeplagi kunye nezinto
Ukuze imveliso ibe yomelele kwaye ibe nokuqina okwaneleyo, kufuneka kubekho ubudlelwane obuthile phakathi kwemilinganiselo yeplagi kunye nezinto. Le milinganiselo ilandelayo iyacetyiswa:
- ububanzi bentliziyo kufuneka bulingane nesiqingatha sobubanzi bento apho i-groove ikhona;
- ubude beplagi kufuneka bulingane nobubanzi bebonke okanye ibhodi thabatha amagxa oqhagamshelwano;
- Ubukhulu beplagi yangempela yenziwe1/3ukuya1/7, kunye nobukhulu beplagi ephindwe kabini ukusuka1/3ukuya2/9ubukhulu bento;
- ubungakanani begxalaba1/3ukuya2/7kwiplagi yokuqala kwaye ukusuka1/5ukuya1/6Ubukhulu bento yeplagi ephindwe kabini;
- Ububanzi benotshi yeplagi ephindwe kabini kufuneka ilingane nobukhulu beplagi ngokwayo.
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zoqhagamshelwano. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kubo inikwe emfanekisweni5.
Umfanekiso5: Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zoqhagamshelo lokuchwela
Iipleyiti zokuncamathelisa, ulwimi kunye negroove
Ngokuziqhelanisa, iibhodi ezininzi ziqhotyoshelwe ngeglue kumacala oqhagamshelwano, ngolwimi kunye ne-groove ngengqondo. Xa i-joists idibaniswe kububanzi kunye neglue, amacala okudibanisa ama-joists kufuneka aqhutywe kakuhle, ahlanganiswe ngokukhawuleza kwiiplate kwaye agxininiswe kwi-clamp ene-wedges. Iibhodi zeglue kufuneka zicwangciswe kumacala omabini kwi-double-side side planer, ukwenzela ukuba kususwe ukungalingani okudalwe ngexesha lokudibanisa.
Ulwimi kunye ne-groove ingaba uxande, i-triangular, i-semi-circular, i-oval okanye i-dovetail. Le ndlela isetyenziswa kakhulu xa kusenziwa iifreyimu zocango, i-parquet, izinto ezithe nkqo nezithe tyaba kwiingcango ezisuka kwinkunkuma koomatshini abakhethekileyo - oomatshini bokudibanisa ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye bafuna ukusetyenziswa okukhulu kweenkuni, ngoko ke kufuneka kusetyenziswe kuphela xa kukho imfuneko enkulu.
Ukudibanisa kunye ne-chipboard isetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kweeparquet phantsi. Ingqondo yenziwe ngomthi othambileyo.
Izikrufu, iziqhoboshi zentsimbi kunye needoweli zomthi
Izinto zefestile kunye neengcango, ifenitshala yasekhaya eyakhelwe ngaphakathi, iikhabhinethi ze-elevator, njl. Ngaphambi kokuguqula, i-screws kufuneka igcobe nge-stearin, i-graphite echithwe kwioli yemifuno, igrisi kunye nokunye.
Kwiindawo apho izikrufu ziza kuza khona, imingxuma kufuneka igrunjwe, ubunzulu bayo buphantse bulingane nokuphindwe kabini ubunzulu bomsonto. Ukuba, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuyimfuneko ukudibanisa izinto ezimbini zobunzima obukhulu, ngoko umngxuma olingana nobubanzi be-screw ugrunjwa.
Ukudityaniswa kusetyenziswa iziqhoboshi zentsimbi (Fig6) azisoloko zisetyenziswa ekusebenzeni, kodwa zingasetyenziselwa ukudibaniswa kwezinto ezithe nkqo kunye nezithe tye, ngokuzalisa iingcango kunye neengcango ngokuzaliswa.
Umfanekiso6: Uqhagamshelo usebenzisa iziqhoboshi zentsimbi
Ukudibanisa usebenzisa izikhonkwane azisetyenziselwa ukudibanisa izinto zokuchwela. I-Wedges yokhuni isetyenziselwa ukwenziwa kweefestile, iingcango kunye nezinye iimveliso zokwakha ukuchwela, emva koko ukudibanisa izinto ezongezelelweyo kwiindawo zokudityaniswa kwazo kunye nokuthintela ukuguqulwa kwezakhelo ezahlukeneyo ngexesha lokuxhaphazwa kwazo.
Ukudibanisa kunye nokudibanisa izakhiwo
Isici esibonakalayo sokudibanisa ukuchwela usebenzisa iiplagi kukuba zingenziwa kuphela ngokusetyenziswa kweglue. Olu nxibelelwano akufunekanga lwenziwe ngaphandle kokuncamathelisa. Izinto ezincanyathiselwe kunye kufuneka zihlale ziqinile kwi-clamp ubuncinane6iiyure phantsi koxinzelelo oluvela2ukuya12 kg/cm².
Izinto ezinkulu zeemveliso zokuchwela zinokudityaniswa ngokuncamathelisa izinto ezincinci ukusuka kolunye uhlobo lomthi, kunye nokudibanisa iintlobo ezibalaseleyo kunye nemithi eqhelekileyo. Izinto ezithe nkqo nezithe tyaba zeefestile, iingcango, iibhokisi kunye nezinye iimveliso zinokwenziwa ngomthi we-coniferous oncamathelisiwe, ogqunywe ngamaplanga ashinyeneyo e-oki.8-10 mm(umfanekiso7). Kungcono ukuncamathelisa izinto kwaye uzigubungele ngomthi usebenzisa i-phenol-formaldehyde adhesives ezinzile emanzini.
Umfanekiso7: Ifestile encamathelisiweyo kunye nezinto zocango, ezigqunywe ngeethayile zomthi oqinileyo
Ukudibanisa isakhelo kunye nokwakhiwa kweephaneli kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa i-mechanical clamps, i-hydraulic okanye i-pneumatic clamps.
Iifestile kunye neengcango ezenziwe ngokwezifiso
Ngolwazi oluphangaleleyo lwezisombululo zangoku, bona iifestile zamaplanga, iifestile zomthi-aluminiyam kunye nomnyango okanye uthumele isicelo sekowuti.