Xa utyando lufuneka
Olona lungiso lulula kukulungisa udaka olonakeleyo. Umonakalo udla ngokubangelwa kwi-plaster yangaphandle, kwaye ingaphantsi kwengxaki. Xa umonakalo ubonwa nakwiindonga, kuthetha ukuba umswakama sele ufakwe ngokupheleleyo, kwaye leyo yingxaki enkulu. La mathuba okulungiswa kamva kufuneka athathelwe ingqalelo ngexesha lokwakha, ukutyabeka kunye nokutyabeka. Kucetyiswa ukuba ugcine isampuli encinci yepeyinti kwaye ubhale phantsi umlinganiselo wokuxuba, kwaye ukuba sisebenzisa ipeyinti engumgubo, ukufumana isixa esifunekayo sokulungiswa kamva.
“Indlu yam, inkululeko yam”, litsho iqhalo. Kwakhona songeza “inkxalabo yam”.
Le nkxalabo ayincinci, kuba ukutyeshela ezinye izilungiso eziyimfuneko, ezifana nokulungiswa komsebenzi wokwakha owenziwe kakubi, kunokukhokelela kwimiphumo emibi kakhulu. Xa kufikwa kukhathalelo olufunekayo, akukho mahluko unokwenziwa phakathi komsebenzi kwisakhiwo esitsha nokulungiswa kwesakhiwo esidala. Ngoko ke, siya kuqala sithethe malunga nokulungiswa okudinga ukulungiswa okuncinci, kodwa, ukugxininisa kwakhona, akukho nkathalo encinci.
Ukulungiswa komonakalo omncinci kunye nokunyibilika
Ukufaka isamente kumonakalo omncinci eludongeni.
Ukulungiswa kwendawo eyonakeleyo
Imisebenzi elula kunye nencinci kukulungiswa kwezinto ezibunjiweyo ezonakalisiweyo. Isizathu somonakalo ngokuqhelekileyo yimikrwelo, umonakalo eludongeni kunye nokungcola. Into yokuqala ekufuneka siyenzile kukukhuhla umaleko ongaphezulu wodaka malunga nomonakalo. Kungcono ukukrwela umphezulu omkhulu kunomnye omncinci, okt. kufuneka kwakhona sikhuhle inxalenye yenxalenye engonakalanga yodaka olujikeleze umonakalo, kodwa akufuneki singene nzulu. Isixhobo esilungileyo sale njongo ngummese we-putty, i-knife ene-wide blade okanye i-chisel.
Indawo ekhutshiweyo kufuneka icocwe ngomtshayelo okanye ngebrashi eyomeleleyo, kwaye udonga kufuneka lutshizwe amaxesha amaninzi ngamanzi acocekileyo. Ukuba asinalo amava aneleyo kulo msebenzi, ngoko kufuneka sikhusele inxalenye engonakaliswanga ngephepha. Xa utshiza eludongeni, kufuneka uhlale ulinde de amanzi afunxeke, ukuze angaphumi kwaye ashiye amanqaku amabi.
Ukuxuba, ukusetyenziswa kunye nemibala
Okwangoku, kufuneka senze udaka ukusuka kwindawo enye yesamente 500 kunye neengxenye ezimbini zesanti ecocekileyo kwaye siyisebenzise eludongeni olulungisiweyo nge-trowel. Udaka akufunekanga lube lukhulu kakhulu, kuba ubuninzi balo, ngcono luhlala eludongeni oluthe nkqo. Kufuneka sikuphephe ngokukodwa ukusebenzisa udaka lweparis ukuba sisebenza phezulu, umzekelo kwisilingi.
Udaka olugalelweyo kufuneka lunyuswe ngesilinganisi okanye isiqwenga sebhodi ecaba. Ukuthandaza kunokwenziwa kuphela emva kokumisa ngokupheleleyo. Akunamsebenzi nokuba sixuba umbala kwidaka, kuba ngaloo ndlela siya kuba sele sinombala wesiseko. Xa umphezulu womile ngokupheleleyo, kufuneka ipeyintiwe kuqala, kuba ngale ndlela iyantlukwano phakathi kombala omnyama wodaka esenze ngawo ukulungiswa kunye nombala okhanyayo wesiseko sodaka uya kunyamalala.
Xa ikalika yomile, indawo elungisiweyo kufuneka ipeyintwe umthunzi omnye ube mnyama. Ekuqaleni, inxalenye esandul ’ipeyinti iya kuba mnyama, kodwa xa ipeyinti yomile - enokuthatha ukuya kwiveki - iitoni zombala ziya kuphuma.
Iintanda ezincinci
Ukususa iintanda kunye nomonakalo omncinci kakhulu, kufuneka sisebenzise i-alabaster plaster, kuba umphezulu we-plaster yoma ngokukhawuleza kwaye unokupenda kakuhle. Ukuba udonga lumhlophe, ngoko akukho mfuneko yokuthandaza.
Ukutshintsha iindawo ezinkulu zodaka
Ukususwa kwendawo eyonakeleyo enkulu kunye nokulungiswa kodonga lodaka olutsha.
Ukususwa kodaka oluvaliweyo
Kwimeko yokulungiswa komonakalo omkhulu kwi-plaster, inxalenye eyonakalisiweyo kufuneka iqale isuswe ngokupheleleyo. Ngokunkqonkqoza, sijonga ukuba i-plaster ihlukaniswe eludongeni, nokuba asiyiboni umonakalo ovela ngaphandle. Ukuba udaka luphumile, siya kuluqonda ngesandi xa sinkqonkqoza okanye ukuba sinokubohla ngokulula umphezulu wodonga ngezandla zethu.
Inxalenye eyonakalisiweyo yodaka iyasuswa kusetyenziswa inxalenye ebukhali yesando somenzi. Masingazisoli inxalenye engonakaliswanga ye-plaster, kodwa susa iisentimitha ezimbalwa kuyo, kuba ngaphandle koko i-plaster entsha ayiyi kubopha. Ukuba udonga lwenziwe ngezitena, sebenzisa i-chisel ukususa i-plaster ebolileyo kunye nemanzi phakathi kwamalungu. Imiphezulu yezitena ezithe tyaba ngokupheleleyo kufuneka yenziwe rhabaxa kancinane ngehamile ukuze udaka olutsha lubophene ngcono.
Emva koku kuza ukucoca ngomtshayelo kunye nokumanzisa ngokucokisekileyo. Udonga lunokufunxa isixa esikhulu samanzi kwaye ke ngoko kufuneka lumanziswe amatyeli aliqela, okokugqibela kanye phambi kokufaka udaka olutsha. Ukulungiswa komonakalo wee-decimeters ezininzi zesikwere, i-mortar yokubunjwa esele iphakanyisiwe ukulungiswa okuncinci ifanelekile.
Ukwakhiwa kodaka kumonakalo omkhulu
Umonakalo omkhulu, nangona kunjalo, unokulungiswa kuphela ngodaka olubandakanya uhlobo olunye lwesamente 500, inxalenye yesibhozo ye-slaked lime kunye nekota enye inxalenye yesanti ephakathi. Masisebenzise ikalika endala ene-slaked kuphela okanye ikalika egayiweyo engumgubo, kuba ikalika esandul’ ukuqhwatywa ikhupha iigesi eziya kudala iicrater ezincinci okanye ezinkulu. Kukwayimfuneko ukuxuba ikalika kakuhle, kuba ukuba amagaqa ekalika asala eludongeni, iintanda ziyakwenzeka.
Ukufaka udaka kwiileya
Ukuba ubunzulu bomonakalo bukhulu, ke udaka lokulungisa kufuneka lufakwe kwiindidi ezininzi. Ubunzima bomaleko obubodwa akufunekanga bube bukhulu kuno 0,5 cm. Umdaka usetyenziswe nge-trowel, ngendlela esenza ngayo ukunyakaza-ukuphosa ukunyakaza ngesandla esivela kwisandla. Emva koko sisasaza ngokukhawuleza nge “perda” encinci kwaye ekugqibeleni silinganise.
Ngaphambi kokuba sisebenzise umaleko omtsha, uluhlu lwangaphambili kufuneka luphawulwe ngokunqamlezayo kunye nobude kunye ne-batten apho izikhonkwane zibekwe kumgama we-5–8 cm. Uluhlu olulandelayo lwe-plaster luya kubambelela bhetele kwindawo enqabileyo, enokuthi isetyenziswe kuphela xa uluhlu lwangaphambili lomile ngokupheleleyo. Ngamanye amaxesha kuthatha 10 iintsuku ukomiswa.
Umgangatho kunye nokugqiba
Umaleko wokugqibela kufuneka usetyenziswe ngendlela yokuba ube convex kancinane ngokunxulumene nomphezulu wokuqala wodonga. Sisusa i-plaster engaphezulu kunye ne-bar yokulinganisa ende, ukusuka phezulu ukuya phezulu, kwaye kwindawo ephezulu siyisusa nge-level. Uluhlu lokugqibela lwe-plaster akufanele lube manzi kakhulu, kuba kuloo meko i-screed ayilinganisi i-plaster, kodwa ithwala nayo.
Uluhlu olulungiselelwe ngale ndlela lugqityiwe ekugqibeleni ngebar yokulinganisa. Singongeza kwakhona ipeyinti yombala ofanelekileyo kwinqanaba eliphezulu. Umphezulu olungiswe ngodaka akufuneki ukuba umanziswe phambi kokusila.
Ukuba umphezulu oza kulungiswa nge-plaster mkhulu, mhlawumbi ngaphezu kweemitha ezininzi zesikwere, kwaye umgangatho ongaphantsi ugudile kakhulu, kuyimfuneko ukubopha umnatha wocingo ngeentambo ezinqabileyo okanye iingcongolo ze-stucco ezinezikhonkwane ukuya kwinqanaba lokuqala. Izikhonkwane kufuneka zibekwe ngokuqinileyo ecaleni komnye nomnye, ngaphandle koko i-mesh okanye ingcongolo iya kuhamba ngodaka kwaye ihluke eludongeni.
Silungisa imida ngokubeka i-batten enye echanekileyo kunye negudileyo kumda wodonga, oya kuba “yisikhokelo”. I-batten kufuneka ibe yinde kangangokuba iphumle kwindawo ekhoyo engonakaliswanga yodonga zombini phezulu nasezantsi. Xa usebenzisa i-plaster, sihlala siqala ukusuka phezulu ukuya phezulu, kuba ngaphandle koko i-plaster entsha kunye neplastiki iya kuwa lula. Xa sanding, ngokuchaseneyo, senza okuchaseneyo ukwenzela ukuba ukhozo lwepeyinti lungavuzi kwindawo esele iphathwe ngayo.
Izihloko ezinxulumeneyo: iipropati zodaka lwesamente kunye nekhonkrithi, iintlobo zekalika kunye neeplasta zekalika, amanye amanqaku okulungisa kunye neenkonzo zokulungisa.