Tsebiso ea bohlokoa ea bophelo bo botle, polokeho le taolo: Ona ke lengolo la thuto la polokelong le tsoang ho 2017. selemo, eseng morero, tekanyetso e nepahetseng ea tekheniki kapa taelo ea kaho ea phepelo ea metsi, likhoerekhoere, tsamaiso ea likhoerekhoere kapa motheo oa motlakase. Litekanyo tsohle tsa pele, phallo, li-diameter, marotholi, lisebelisoa, libaka, mekhoa ea ho hokahanya le likopo li fetisetsoa ntle le ho hlahloba ho latela melao ea kajeno. Se ke oa sebelisa lipeipi tsa metsi, lipeipi tsa asbestos-samente, lead, DDT, minium, tokiso ea nakoana, kapa ho qhibiliha ha lipeipi. Ho sebetsa ka asbestos le lisebelisoa tse ling tse kotsi ke tsa litsebi tse lumelletsoeng feela; DDT e kanna ea se sebelisoe tlasa mongolo ona. Metsi a nooang, metsi a litšila le ts’ireletso khahlano le ts’okelo ea motlakase li tlameha ho raloa, ho amoheloa le ho etsoa ke ts’ebeletso e nang le boiphihlelo le litsebi tse lumelletsoeng tsa lipeipi, tsa bohloeki, tsa geotechnical le tsa motlakase, ho latela ntho le sebaka se ikhethileng.
Metsi, likhoerekhoere le likhoerekhoere ha se karolo ea tlhahiso e ncha ea sechaba ea Savo Kusić. Taba ea hajoale ke lifensetere tsa lehong, lifensetere tsa lehong-aluminium le mamati a tloaelo. Bakeng sa projeke e itseng ea fensetere kapa monyako, o ka romella kopo ea quote.
Phepelo ea metsi le likhoerekhoere malapeng
Ha karolo ea mobu ho thoe e ahiloe ka kopanelo, ho bolela litsela pele, ebe ho kenngoe motlakase, ebe phepelo ea metsi ebe qetellong, likhoerekhoere le monyetla oa ho hokela central heat.
Mong’a mobu a ke ke a etsa letho ho ntlafatsa litsela, ’me ho tla buisanoa ka taba ea motlakase ka nako e ’ngoe. Ke ka hona joale re tla fana feela ka litaba tsa phepelo ea metsi le likhoerekhoere, le tse bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa.
Ho tloha ha re qetile mabota le marulelo a moaho oa bolulo kapa ntlo ea mafelo-beke, re ntse re tlameha ho kenya ts’ebetsong phepelo ea metsi le likhoerekhoere, e leng se ka re bakelang matšoenyeho a mangata. Re ka rarolla phepelo ea metsi habonolo le ka theko e tlase haeba ho na le marang-rang a phepelo ea metsi seterateng. Leha ho le joalo, re tlameha ho rarolla bothata ba ho kenya lipeipi mobung oa rona le ka tlung ka borona.
Metara ea metsi le marang-rang a phepelo ea metsi
Molao o akaretsang o hloka hore lesoba la mithara ea metsi le etsoe sebakeng sa 0,5 m ho tloha moeling oa naha. Sekoti sena se lokela ho ba ntlha e tlaase ka ho fetisisa ea tsamaiso ea metsi a malapeng hobane nakong ea tokiso metsi a theoleloa ho eona ebe a bokelloa ho eona. Litekanyo tsa shaft ke: bophara 80 x 100 cm, le botebo 130 cm (feiga. 1). Sekoahelo sa mokoti ha sea lokela ho thekesela kapa ho lutla metsi, ’me haeba ho khonahala, ho lokela ho fanoa ka mohatsela oa sona. Litepisi li tlameha ho kenngoa ho fihlella mithara ea metsi, ’me ho tlameha ho kengoa lipompo tse kenang ka pele le ka morao ho metara ea metsi. Hoa hlokahala ho “borokho” lipompo tse feliloeng ka terata ea koporo e rekisoang, hobane hangata marang-rang a metsi a sebelisetsoa ho theola lisebelisoa tsa motlakase, ’me e tla ba e phethahetseng feela haeba re sa kenyelle monyetla oa oxidation.
Polelo e fetileng mabapi le ho thella holim’a lipompo tsa metsi e hlahisoa e le litaba tsa nalane ’me ha ea lokela ho sebelisoa. Sebaka se sirelelitsoeng se tlameha ho etsoa ke setsebi sa motlakase se lumelletsoeng ho latela melao ea hajoale.
Setšoantšo 1
Pipe ea metsi sebakeng sa mahala e lokela ho behoa bonyane 1,20 m ka tlaase ho mobu, e bolelang ka tlas’a sebaka sa leqhoa, ‘me ka ntle, leboteng, ho e’ ngoe le e ’ngoe 2 m e lokela ho lokisoa ka li-clamps. Sebaka se pakeng tsa phala ea metsi a chesang le phala ea metsi a batang e tlameha ho ba bonyane 16 cm. Pipe ea metsi a chesang e tsoa ka lehlakoreng le ka holimo, le bakeng sa ho kenya ka holimo ho tloha ka ntle (setšoantšo 2)
Kajeno, lipeipi tsa tšepe li sebelisoa haholo bakeng sa merero ea lipeipi, ’me lisebelisoa tsa tšepe tse entsoeng ka mokhoa oa T, V, Y, L le U li sebelisetsoa ho etsa makala le ho fetola litsela (setšoantšo).2).
Setšoantšo2
Liphaephe li lokela ho khaoloa ka bolelele bo lakatsehang ka sakha ’me ka thuso ea khoele (valve ea khoele) khoele e khaoloe lipheletsong tsa eona, e laoloang ka likarolo tse bōpehileng. Ebe u li tiisa ka khoele e kolobisitsoeng ka har’a tallow, u ikopanye le tsona, u hloekise lenonyeletso ho tloha ho tow e feteletseng, sebelisa minium le ho e phuthela ka mohala o otlolohileng.
Lintlha tsa mohloli mabapi le bongata ba metsi le bophara ba lipeipi
Bakeng sa mehaho ea malapa le matlo a matlo, hangata ho lekane ho ntša metsi ho tloha meter ea metsi ho sebelisa pipe ea lisenthimithara tse le ’ngoe. Karolo e ka holimo ea likarolo tse ling tsa marang-rang e ikemiselitsoe ho latela tlhokahalo ea metsi liphaepheng tsa ho ntša metsi.
Setšoantšo3
Tlhokahalo ea letsatsi le letsatsi ea metsi ka hlooho ke: ho noa3-5, bakeng sa ho pheha4-5, bakeng sa ho hlatsoa8-12, bakeng sa ho hlatsoa10-15, bakeng sa ho shaoara40-50, bakeng sa ho hlapa150-250, bakeng sa ho hlatsoa ntloana8-10 litara (sa feiga.3). Bakeng sa ho nosetsa hoa hlokahala2lilithara ka square meter. Bakeng sa faucet ea lebota, boemo bo bohlokoa7lilithara tsa metsi ka motsotso le bophara ba phala ea3/8”, le bakeng sa teba 12lilithara le phaephe ea1/2”, bakeng sa bate20lilithara le phaephe ea1/2”, bakeng sa ho nosetsa serapeng50lilithara le phaephe ea3/4”.Haeba palo ya liphaephe tse ntshang metsi1-2, joale bophara ba phala ea mitha ea metsi e lokela ho ba1/2”, haeba palo ea liphaephe tsa ho ntša metsi3-6, bophara ba pipe e lokela ho ba3/4”, mme haeba ho joalo7-25, ebe phala ea1“(feie.4).
Setšoantšo4
Ho khothaletsoa ho kenya lipompo tsa drain libakeng tse ’maloa marang-rang e le hore, ha ho hlokahala, li-verticals tsa motho ka mong kapa marang-rang a metsi a lapeng a ka tšolloa (sa feiga. 5). Ha ho lokisoa liphaephe tsa tšepe, karolo e senyehileng e lokela ho nkeloa sebaka. Ntlha ea pele, karolo e senyehileng e tšolloa, ebe karolo ea liphaephe kapa karolo e bōpehileng e etsoa ebe e nkeloa sebaka. Tšenyo e nyenyane e ka boela ea lokisoa ka tsela ena haeba re tlotsa lepetso ka sekontiri le samente ea portland le sebaka se entsoeng, rabara kapa polasetiki ho sena ebe re se tiisa ka clamp. Haeba phala e hoama, joale lipheletso li lokela ho futhumatsoa ka metsi a chesang pele, hobane haeba karolo e bohareng ea phala e ne e futhumatsoa pele, metsi a ne a tla fetoha mouoane, ’me ka lebaka la hore lipheletsong li koetsoe ke leqhoa, phala e ne e tla phatloha.
Setšoantšo5
Ho hokahana le likhoerekhoere tsa sechaba
Matšeliso a feletseng a fumanoa feela ka ho ntša metsi a litšila, ke hore likhoerekhoere. Ona ke mosebetsi o batlang o le bonolo haeba mohaho o hahiloe sebakeng seo likhoerekhoere li seng li hahiloe. Ho lokela ho tsejoe hore hangata lipeipi tsa likhoerekhoere tsa sechaba li kenngoa bohareng ba tsela. Karolo e tsoang pipe ea likhoerekhoere tsa sechaba ho ea terata ea mohaho e bitsoa khokahanyo ea ntlo ’me karolo ena e lokela ho etsoa ke mong’a ntlo ka boeena. Ho tloha terateng, kapa moeling oa naha, tsamaiso ea likhoerekhoere ea ntlo ea qala. Mocheso oa likhoerekhoere oa ntlo le khokahanyo ea ntlo li lokela ho ba le marotholi a1-2tekanyo ea tsamaiso ea likhoerekhoere tsa sechaba, e le hore ho be le khokahanyo ea khokahanyo ea ntlo le phala ea pokello ea likhoerekhoere tsa sechaba1/3bophahamo ba phaephe ea pokello (sa feiga.6).
Setšoantšo6
Litemana tse latelang li bua ka liphaephe tsa samente tsa asbestos, loto le lisebelisoa tse ling tsa histori. Lipolelo li boloketsoe ho bolokoa ka mokhoa o tšepahalang, empa ha se khetho ea lisebelisoa kapa litaelo tsa mosebetsi. Se ke oa seha, oa phunya, oa pshatla, oa tlosa kapa oa sebelisa hape thepa e nang le asbestos kapa e ka bang le eona.
Lipeipi tsa likhoerekhoere tsa ka tlung li tlameha ho ba le bophara ba kahare ba bonyane 30 cm. Bakeng sa merero ena, liphaephe tsa asbestos-samente li sebelisoa haholo, tse ka khaoloang habonolo ka sesepa ’me, ka lebaka la sebopeho se atolositsoeng sa lipheletsong, ho bonolo ho kopanya. Likatiba tsa ho qetela li tiisitsoe ka tow ‘me ka mor’a hore li kopane, li tlotsoa habeli ka sekontiri’ me li koahetsoe ka samente ea sekontiri. Liphaephe tsa asbestos-samente (eternite) bakeng sa likhokahano, tse tšoanang le lipeipi tsa tšepe tsa phepelo ea metsi, li entsoe ka likarolo tse bōpehileng, lifereko, ho kopanya le lintho tse ling. Bolelele ba phala bo tloha ho 0,5-4 m, bophara ba ka hare ho tloha 0,05–0,5 m, ’me botenya ba lebota bo leka-lekaneng ho bophara bo tsoa ho 6-13 mm. Pipe ea ho hokahanya, e lebisang phala e kholo ea pokello, e behiloe botebong ba 1,2-1,5 m ho qoba kotsi ea leqhoa. Ho molemo haeba phala ea asbestos-samente e sa behoe ka ho toba fatše, empa ka kanaleng ea litene, e bōpehileng joaloka U, eo lehlabathe le omileng le tlatsitsoeng ho lona pele le beha phala.
Tsamaiso ea likhoerekhoere e lokela ho lekanngoa ho latela palo e lebelletsoeng ea metsi a litšila. Lipompo tse tloaelehileng tsa leboteng li hula metsi1/3lilithara tsa metsi a litšila ka motsotsoana, lijana2/3lithara, lijana1/6lilithara, libate tse tloaelehileng2/3litara, le WC1-2lithara. Peipi e tsamaisanang ea drain ka har’a li-diameter li ka tatellano e thathamisitsoeng50,50,40,50le100 mm(sheba feiga.4lehlakore le letona). Likarolo tsa marang-rang a likhoerekhoere ho tloha ka ntle ho phala e kholo ea likhoerekhoere li emela seo ho thoeng ke marang-rang a rapameng, le likarolo tse otlolohileng - mela e otlolohileng. Motheo o tšekaletseng o boetse o lokela ho hahoa ka moepa o bonolo ho ea moleng o otlolohileng.
Mela e meng e emeng e atoloselitsoe sebakeng sa marulelo ka liphaephe tsa moea. Ntle le ho kenya moea, liphaephe tsa ventilation li boetse li fana ka palo e hlokahalang ea moea marang-rang le ho thibela ho thehoa ha li-vacuum le li-plug tsa metsi tse thibelang metsi.
Setiiso sa metsi (siphon) se lokela ho kenngoa tlas’a sekoti se seng le se seng ho felisa monko o sa thabiseng. Li-Siphon li entsoe ka loto, tšepe e entsoeng ka tšepe, e sa feleng le polasetiki (sa feiga.7).
Setšoantšo7
Liphaephe tsa mela e otlolohileng le e otlolohileng li entsoe ka samente ea asbestos (eternite), loto, tšepe e entsoeng ka tšepe kapa polasetiki. Pipe ea polasetiki e ka sebelisoa feela moo ho se nang metsi a chesang, hobane polasetiki e senyeha tlas’a tšusumetso ea mocheso. Liphaephe tsa polasetiki li kopantsoe ke welding kapa gluing. Molemo oa liphaephe tsa polasetiki ke hore li ka kobeha hantle ka mor’a ho futhumatsa.
Tlhaloso ea nalane ea li-precipitators le lihloekisi
Tlhaloso e latelang ha se morero oa tsamaiso ea septic kapa bopaki ba ho hloekisa metsi a litšila. Sebaka, ho se kenelle ha metsi, matla, ho tsoa, moea le tšireletso ea metsi a ka tlas’a lefatše li tlameha ho khethoa ke balaoli ba nang le bokhoni le litsebi tse lumelletsoeng.
Sebakeng seo likhoerekhoere tsa sechaba li e-so rarolloe, ho thata le ho feta ho rarolla phallo ea metsi a litšila ea meaho ea malapa le matlo a mafelo-beke. Ho molemo hore ho thoeng ke “hloekileng” metsi a litšila (metsi a tsoang ka sekoting le bateng) le metsi a tsoang ntloana le ho teba ka litanka tse khethehileng tsa sedimentation, kapa purifiers. Mohloli o hloekileng oa metsi a litšila a ka ba le liliba tse peli tse behiloeng haufi le tse ling, tse hahiloeng ka mehele ea seliba. Ea pele re kenyelletsa metsi a litšila a batlang a le holimo, ’me ka lehlakoreng le leng bakeng sa 10 cm e tlaase, re beha pipe ea ho ntša metsi eo ka eona re kenyang metsi a litšila ka selibeng sa bobeli. Selibeng sa bobeli, se tšoanang le sa pele, bakeng sa 10 cm ka tlase, re kenya phala ea ho ntša metsi eo ka eona re ntšang metsi a hloekisitsoeng hona joale serapeng, liphaephe tse kentsoeng le tse phuntsoeng. (setšoantšo 8). Lintho tse tiileng tsa metsi a litšila li lula ka har’a liliba, tseo, haeba li tlatsitsoe, li ka tšolloa ka ho tlosa sekoahelo. Li-precipitators li lokela ho behoa bonyane 20 m ho tloha lilibeng tsa metsi a nooang le ka lehlakoreng le fapaneng le tsela ea ho phalla ha metsi a fatše (feiga 9, karolo e ka holimo). Metsi a litšila a tsoang ka kichineng a ka rarolloa ka bonyane li-clarifiers tse tharo.
Setšoantšo 8
Ho molemo ho aha ntloana e arohaneng sebakeng se se nang likhoerekhoere tsa sechaba. Re tla e haha ha bonolo ho tloha ho likarolo tse tloaelehileng - mehele ea liliba le likoahelo tse tloaelehileng.
Ka tlas’a selikalikoe se tlaase ka ho fetisisa, ho lokela ho behoa lera la letsopa le nang le botenya ba 15 cm, le sa lumelle metsi ho feta. Ka hare ho mehele e pentiloe ka seretse se thibelang metsi, ’me phala ea moea e tsamaisa ho tloha sebakeng se ka tlas’a setulo ho ea marulelong. Ntloana e ka hloekisoa ka ntle ka sekoahelo. Ntloana e lokela ho penta ka ntle le ka hare ’me ka linako tse ling e fafatsoe ka sebolaea-mafu se nang le DDT (Fig. 9, karolo e ka tlaase).
Liqoso tse fetileng mabapi le DDT ke tsa nalane ’me ha lia tlameha ho sebelisoa.
Setšoantšo 9
Pele ho khaho ea phepelo ea metsi ea malapeng le likhoerekhoere tsa malapeng, hoa hlokahala ho fumana lengolo la tumello ea ho aha ho tsoa ho ba nang le matla a ho haha. Ketsahalong ena, ho ka boela ha fumanoa tlhahisoleseling mabapi le melaoana ea lehae mabapi le ho kenya le kaho ea liliba, litlhaki, joalo-joalo.