Chiziviso chakakosha chehutano, chengetedzo nemirau: Ichi chinyorwa chedzidzo kubva ku2017. gore, uye kwete purojekiti, chiyero chehunyanzvi chehunyanzvi kana rairo yekuvaka kwemvura, tsvina, septic system kana magetsi ekugadzirisa. Zvose zviyero zvepakutanga, kuyerera, madhayamita, madonhwe, zvinhu, madaro, nzira dzekubatanidza uye zvikwereti zvinotamiswa pasina kutarisa maererano nemirairo yanhasi. Usashandise mirairo yekudzika pamusoro pepombi dzemvura, pombi dzeasbestos-simende, mutobvu, DDT, minium, kugadzirisa, kana kunyungudutswa kwepombi. Kushanda neasbestos nezvimwe zvinhu zvine njodzi ndezvenyanzvi dzine mvumo chete; DDT haigone kushandiswa pasi pechinyorwa ichi. Mvura yekunwa, tsvina yemvura uye dziviriro kubva kumagetsi kuvhundutsa kunofanirwa kugadzirwa, kubvumidzwa uye kuitwa neanokwanisa utility sevhisi uye akatenderwa pombi dzemvura, hutsanana, geotechnical uye magetsi nyanzvi, zvinoenderana nechinhu chaicho nenzvimbo.
Mvura, suweji uye kumisikidzwa kweseptic haisi chikamu chekupihwa kutsva kweruzhinji kweSavo Kusić. Chazvino chiri kutariswa ndeichi mahwindo emapuranga, wood-aluminium Mahwindo uye custom gonhi. Kune rimwe hwindo kana chirongwa chemusuwo, unogona kutumira chikumbiro chemutengo.
Mvura yemumba nemapombi
Kana chikamu chevhu chichinzi chagarwa nevanhu vose, zvinoreva migwagwa kutanga, kwozoiswa magetsi, kwozouya mvura uye kwekupedzisira, pombi uye mukana wekubatanidza kupisa kwepakati.
Muridzi wemunda hapana chaanogona kuita kuvandudza migwagwa, uye kuiswa kwemagetsi kunozokurukurwazve imwe nguva. Ndicho chikonzero ikozvino tichangopa ruzivo pamusoro pemvura uye tsvina, uye iyo inonyanya kukosha.
Sezvo takapedza madziro uye denga reimba yekugara kana imba yekupera kwevhiki, tichiri kufanira kushandisa mvura uye masuweji, izvo zvinogona kutikonzera kunetseka kwakawanda. Tinogona kugadzirisa mvura zviri nyore uye zvakachipa kana paine network yekupa mvura mumugwagwa. Zvakadaro, isu tinofanirwa kugadzirisa kuisirwa kwepombi yepombi yakazara panzvimbo yedu uye mumba isu pachedu.
Meta yemvura uye network yekupa mvura
Mutemo mukuru unoda kuti gomba remita yemvura riitwe pachinhambwe 0,5 m kubva kumuganhu wenyika. Iri gomba rinofanirwa kunge riri nzvimbo yakaderera yehurongwa hwemvura yemumba nekuti panguva yekugadzirisa mvura inodzikiswa mairi uye inounganidzwa mairi. Zviyero zve shaft ndezvi: hupamhi 80 x 100 cm, uye kudzika 130 cm (fig. 1). Chifukidziro chegomba hachifanire kuzununguka kana kudonhedza mvura, uye kana zvichibvira, kupisa kwayo kunofanirwa kupihwa. Masitepisi anofanirwa kuiswa kuti asvike mita yemvura, uye matepi anopindika anofanirwa kuiswa kumberi nekuseri kwemamita emvura. Izvo zvinodiwa kuti “bhiriji” mapombi akapedzwa netambo yemhangura yakatengeswa, nekuti kazhinji network yemvura inoshandiswa pasi midziyo yemagetsi, uye ichave yakakwana chete kana tikasabvisa mukana weiyo oxidation.
Chirevo chekare pamusoro pekuisa pasi kuburikidza nemapombi emvura chinounzwa sezviri munhoroondo uye hachifanirwe kushandiswa. Kudzivirira pasi kunofanira kuitwa nenyanzvi yemagetsi yakabvumirwa maererano nemitemo yemazuva ano.
Mufananidzo 1
Pombi yemvura munzvimbo yakasununguka inofanira kuiswa zvishoma 1,20 m pasi pevhu, izvo zvinoreva pasi penzvimbo yechando, uye kunze, pamadziro, pane imwe neimwe 2 m inofanira kugadziriswa nemagetsi. Nharaunda pakati pepombi yemvura inopisa uye pombi yemvura inotonhora inofanira kunge iine 16 cm. Iyo pombi yemvura inopisa inouya kubva kumusoro, uye yekumisikidza yakachinjika kubva kunze (mufananidzo 2).
Nhasi, pombi dzesimbi dzinonyanya kushandiswa pakugadzira pombi dzemvura, uye simbi yakakandwa muchimiro cheT, V, Y, L uye U inoshandiswa kuita branching nekuchinja nzira (mufananidzo.2)
Mufananidzo2
Mapaipi anofanira kutemwa kusvika pakureba kwaidiwa nesaha uye nerubatsiro rweshinda (thread valve) shinda inotemwa pamagumo avo, iyo inodzorwa nenzira yezvikamu zvakaumbwa. Wobva waisa chisimbiso netambo ye tow yakanyoroveswa mu tallow, batanidza navo, chenesa mubatanidzwa kubva kune yakawandisa tow, shandisa minium uye uiputire netambo inonzwa.
Source data pahuwandu hwemvura uye madhayamita epombi
Kune zvivako zvemhuri uye makamuri, zvinowanzokwana kupedza mvura kubva pamamita emvura uchishandisa imwe-inch pipe. Muchinjikwa-chikamu chezvimwe zvikamu zvetiweki zvinotarirwa zvichienderana nekudiwa kwemvura mumapombi ekuburitsa.
Mufananidzo3
Zvinodiwa zuva nezuva zvemvura pamusoro ndeizvi: zvekunwa3-5, yekubika4-5, yekugeza8-12, yekugeza10-15, yekugeza40-50, zvekugeza150-250, yekugezesa chimbuzi8-10 litre (mukuyu.3) Kudiridza kunodiwa2marita pa square metre. Kumadziro emadziro, iyo standout inoverengera7marita emvura paminiti uye pombi dhayamita ye3/8”, uye singi 12litres nechubhu ye1/2”, zvebhavhu20litres nechubhu ye1/2”, yekudiridza mubindu50litres nechubhu ye3/4”.Kana nhamba yepombi dzinobuda1-2, ipapo hupamhi hwepombi yemamita emvura inofanira kuva1/2”, kana nhamba yepombi dzinobuda3-6, iyo dhayamita yepombi inofanira kuva3/4“, uye kana zvakadaro7-25, ipapo pombi ye1“(mukuyu.4)
Mufananidzo4
Zvinokurudzirwa kuisa mapombi emvura munzvimbo dzinoverengeka munetiweki kuitira kuti, kana zvichidikanwa, verticals yega yega kana network yese yemvura yemumba inogona kudururwa (fig. 5) Paunenge uchigadzirisa mapaipi esimbi, chikamu chakakanganisika chinofanira kuchinjwa. Kutanga, chikamu chakakanganiswa chinodururwa, ipapo chikamu chepombi kana chikamu chakaumbwa chinogadzirwa uye chinotsiviwa. Kukuvadzwa kudiki kunogonawo kugadziriswa nenzira iyi kana tikazora mutswe nebhitumini uye portland simende nenzvimbo inonzwika, rabha kana purasitiki pane iyi uye toisunga nechisungo. Kana pombi ikaoma, ipapo migumo inofanira kupisa nemvura inopisa kutanga, nokuti kana chikamu chepakati chepombi chakatanga kupisa, mvura yaizoshanduka kuita utsi uye, nekuda kwekuvharwa kwemagumo nechando, pombi inoputika.
Mufananidzo5
Kubatana kune veruzhinji tsvina
Kunyaradza kwakakwana kunowanikwa chete nekudhonza mvura yakasviba, i.e. tsvina. Iri ibasa riri nyore kana chivakwa chacho chakavakirwa panzvimbo yakatovakwa pombi. Izvo zvinofanirwa kuzivikanwa kuti mapaipi emvura yeruzhinji anowanzo kuiswa pakati pemugwagwa. Chikamu chinobva papombi yesuweji yeruzhinji kuenda kufenzi yechivako chinonzi kubatanidza imba uye chikamu ichi chinofanira kuitwa nemuridzi pachake. Kubva pafenzi, kana kuti kumucheto kwenzvimbo, pombi yetsvina yemba inotanga. Mugero wetsvina wemba nekubatanidza imba zvinofanirwa kunge zvine donhwe re1-2dhigirii kumugero wesuweji yeruzhinji, kuitira kuti kubatanidza kwekubatanidza imba uye pombi yekuunganidza yemugero wetsvina yeruzhinji1/3kuunganidza pombi kureba (fig.6)
Mufananidzo6
Ndima dzinotevera dzinotaura mapaipi esimende yeasbestos, lead uye zvimwe zvinhu zvekare. Mashoko acho anochengeterwa kuchengetwa kwechokwadi, asi haisi sarudzo yezvigadzirwa kana mirairo yebasa. Usacheka, kuboora, kutyora, kubvisa kana kushandisa zvakare zvinhu zvine kana kuti zvingava neasbestos.
Mapombi esuweji emudzimba anofanira kunge aine dhayamita yemukati inokwana 30 cm. Nezvinangwa izvi, mapaipi e-asbestos-cement anonyanya kushandiswa, ayo anogona kutemwa nyore nesaha uye, nekuda kwechimiro chakawedzera chemagumo, nyore kujoinha. Mapeji ekupedzisira anonamirwa netambo uye mushure mekubatana, anozorwa kaviri nebhitumini uye akafukidzwa nebhitumini simenti. Mapombi eAsbestos-cement (eternite) ekubatanidza, akafanana nemvura yekugovera simbi mapaipi, anogadzirwa nemhando dzakaumbwa, maforogo, kubatanidza uye zvimwe zvinhu. Kureba kwepombi kunotangira pa 0,5-4 m, dhayamita yemukati kubva 0,05–0,5 m, uye ukobvu hwemadziro hunoenderana nedhayamita kubva 6-13 mm. Iyo pombi yekubatanidza, inotungamira kune hombe yekuunganidza pombi, inoiswa pakadzika kwe 1,2-1,5 m kudzivirira njodzi yekutonhora. Izvo zvinobatsira kana iyo asbestos-samende pombi isina kuiswa zvakananga muvhu, asi mugero rezvidhinha, U-shaped, umo jecha rakaoma rinozadzwa risati raisa pombi.
Sewage system inofanirwa kuyerwa zvichienderana nehuwandu hunotarisirwa hwemvura yetsvina. Mapombi emadziro akajairika anodonhedza1/3marita emvura yetsvina pasekondi imwe, sinki2/3litre, sinks1/6marita, mabhavhu akajairika2/3litre, uye WC1-2litre. Chinowirirana Drain pombi mukati madhayamita ari muhurongwa hwakanyorwa50,50,40,50uye100 mm(ona fig.4kurudyi). Zvikamu zvesuweji network kubva pakubuda kuenda kune iyo huru sewer pombi inomiririra iyo inonzi yakatwasuka network, uye vertical zvikamu - vertical mitsetse. Iyo horizontal main inofanirawo kuvakwa ine mutsetse wakapfava kumutsara wakatwasuka.
Mimwe mitsetse yakatwasuka inotambanudzirwa kunzvimbo yedenga nepombi dzinopinza mhepo. Pamusoro pekufefetera, pombi dzekufema dzinopawo huwandu hunodiwa hwemhepo mumambure uye kudzivirira kusikwa kwevacuum uye mapulagi emvura anodzivirira kudonha.
Chisimbiso chemvura (siphon) chinofanira kuiswa pasi pega yega yega kuti ibvise kunhuhwirira kusingafadzi. MaSiphon anogadzirwa nemutobvu, simbi yakakandwa, eternite uye mapurasitiki (fig.7)
Mufananidzo7
Mapaipi emitsara yakatwasuka uye yakatwasuka inogadzirwa neasbestos simende (eternite), lead, cast iron kana plastiki. Pombi yepurasitiki inogona kushandiswa chete kana pasina mvura inopisa, nokuti mapurasitiki anokanganisa pasi pesimba rekupisa. Mapombi epurasitiki anobatanidzwa newelding kana gluing. Chakanakira pombi dzepurasitiki ndechekuti dzinogona kukotama zvakanaka mushure mekupisa.
Nhoroondo tsananguro ye precipitators uye vanochenesa
Tsanangudzo inotevera haisi septic system purojekiti kana humbowo hwekugadziriswa kwemvura yakachengeteka. Nzvimbo, kusamira kwemvura, huwandu, kubuda, kufefetedza uye kuchengetedzwa kwemvura yepasi kunofanirwa kutariswa nevane masimba uye nyanzvi dzakatenderwa.
Munzvimbo iyo tsvina yeruzhinji isati yagadziriswa, zvakanyanya kuomarara kugadzirisa tsvina yemvura yezvivakwa zvemhuri nedzimba dzevhiki. Zvakanakisisa kuti iyo inonzi “yakachena” inorasa mvura (mvura kubva padhishi uye tabhu) uye mvura kubva muchimbuzi uye kunyura mumatangi chaiwo emvura, kana kuchenesa. Iyo yakachena tsvina inojekesa inogona kuve nematsime maviri akaiswa padivi peumwe neumwe, akavakwa kubva kumatsime zvindori. Mune yekutanga tinosuma mvura yakasviba yakanyanyisa, uye kune rumwe rutivi 10 cm yakaderera, tinoisa pombi yekubudisa iyo yatinopinza nayo mvura yakasvibiswa muchitsime chechipiri. Patsime rechipiri, rakafanana neyokutanga, ye 10 cm pazasi, tinoisa pombi yekuburitsa iyo yatinoburitsa iyo ikozvino yakanatswa mvura mubindu, yakaiswa uye yakaboorwa pombi dzemvura. (mufananidzo 8). Mvura yakasvibiswa inogara mumatsime, ayo, kana akazadzwa, anogona kubviswa nekubvisa chivharo. Precipitators inofanira kuiswa zvishoma 20 m kubva mumatsime emvura yekunwa uye kune imwe nzira yakatarisana negwara rekuyerera kwemvura yepasi (fig. 9, kumusoro). Mvura yakarasika kubva mukicheni inogona kugadziriswa neinenge katatu clarifiers.
Mufananidzo 8
Zvakanaka kuvaka chimbuzi chakasiyana munzvimbo isina tsvina yeruzhinji. Isu tichaivaka zviri nyore kubva kune zvakajairwa zvinhu - zvindori zvematsime uye kubva kune akajairwa mavhavha.
Pasi pechindori chepasi, chigadziko chevhu nehupamhi hwe 15 cm inofanira kuiswa, iyo isingabvumiri mvura kupfuura. Mukati mezvindori zvakashongedzwa nedhaka rekudzivirira mvura, uye pombi yemhepo inotungamirira kubva panzvimbo iri pasi pechigaro kusvika padenga. Chimbuzi chinogona kucheneswa kubva kunze kuburikidza nechivharo. Chimbuzi chinofanira kupendwa mukati nekunze uye nguva nenguva chimwaya mushonga une DDT (Mufananidzo 9, chikamu chepasi).
Nyaya yapfuura pamusoro peDDT inhoroondo uye haifanirwe kushandiswa.
Mufananidzo 9
Kusati kwavakwa mvura yemumba uye pombi yesuweji yemumba, zvinofanirwa kupihwa mvumo yekuvaka yakakodzera kubva kune vane masimba. Pachiitiko ichi, ruzivo runogonawo kuwanikwa pamusoro pemitemo yemunharaunda maererano nekuiswa uye kuvakwa kwematsime, kujekesa, nezvimwe.