Huremu hwehuni
Huremu hwehuni hunoenderana nekuwanda kwayo uye huwandu hwehunyoro hwainahwo. Pane huremu hwehuni chaihwo uye huremu hwehuni.
Huremu hwehuni hahuenderane nerudzi rwehuni. Inoratidza huremu hwehuni yakaumbwa muhuwandu hweyuniti, isina hunyoro nemhepo, uye iri 1,5.
Pakuita, huremu hwehuni hunoshandiswa, kureva huremu hwe 1 cm³ huremu hwehuni hunoratidzwa mumagiramu. Zvichienderana nehuwandu hwehuremu, huremu hwehuni uye hunyanzvi hwayo hunofungidzirwa. Nekuwedzera humidity, iyo volumetric uremu hwehuni inowedzerawo. Kukwirira kwehuni, kusimba uye kushomeka kwehuni.
Humidity yehuni
Mhando dzemvura muhuni
Mvura iri mumuti yakakamurwa kuita:
- ** capillary (yemahara) ** - inozadza maseru cavities;
- ** hygroscopic ** - inowanikwa mumadziro emadziro;
- kemikari - inopinda mumakemikari ezvinhu zvinoumba huni.
Kuwanda kwemvura muhuni, kunoratidzwa muhuremu muzana, inonzi ** huni hunyoro **. Kune mhedziso uye hunyoro hunoenderana.
Hukama uye hunyoro hwakakwana
Kana huremu hwehuni huri mumamiriro ayo ekutanga hunoratidzwa nebhii ** A **, huremu hwehuni hwakaoma zvachose nebhii ** A₁ **, hunyoro hunoenderana nezana muzana netsamba ** B **, uye hunyoro hwakakwana muzana nebhii ** B₁ **, hunyoro hunoenderana hunogona kutsanangurwa maererano nemaitiro anotevera:
Fomu yehunyoro hwehuni.
Absolute humidity inotemerwa zvinoenderana neinotevera formula:
Fomu yehunyoro hwehuni hwakakwana.
Kutemerwa kwehunyoro huni
A prism inochekwa kubva pakati pepuranga yoyerwa pachikero nemazvo e0,01 g. Ukoshi hwabuda hunomiririra saizi ye A. Iyo prism, iyo huremu husingafanire kuve pasi pe 20 g, inobva yaomeswa patembiricha ye 105° kusvika yasvika pahuremu hunoramba huripo A₁.
Huremu hwenguva dzose hunoonekwa sehunowanikwa kana musiyano pakati pezviyero zviviri zvakatevedzana zvisingapfuuri 0,3% uremu hwakaoma. Nekupinda maitiro ** A ** uye ** A₁ **, yakawanikwa nekuyera, mumhando dzakatarwa, hunyoro kana hunyoro hwehuni hunotarwa.
Kana huremu hwepakutanga hweprism yakachekwa kubva pakati pebhodhi hwaive 240 g, uye huremu hwehuni yakaomeswa 160 g, hunyoro hwakakwana hwemuenzaniso wakaedzwa ndewe:
Muenzaniso wekuverenga hunyoro hwakakwana hwemuenzaniso wakaedzwa.
Kunyorova kunowanikwa nenzira iyi kunoonekwa sekunyorova kwehuni yese.
Fiber saturation point
Kana uchiomesa huni, mvura yemahara inotanga kubuda. Iyo nguva iyo mvura yese yemahara inoputika inonzi hygroscopic limit kana fiber saturation point. Munguva iyi yekuoma, zviyero zvehuni zviri kuomeswa hazvichinji.
Humidity inoenderana neiyo hygroscopic muganho wemhando dzakasiyana dzehuni yakanyorwa patafura inotevera:
| Type yehuni | Humidity |
|---|---|
| Common pine | 29% |
| Weymouth pine | 25% |
| Spruce | 29% |
| Larch | 30% |
| Spruce | 30% |
| Beche | 31% |
| linden tree | 29% |
| Ash | 23% |
| Chestnut | 25% |
Kupesvedzera kwehunyoro pakugadzirisa nekusimba kwehuni
Huni ine hunyoro hwakawedzerwa idhiraivha yakanaka yekupisa, inogadziriswa zvakanyanya nemichina, haina kunama zvakanaka, yakapendwa, ine varnish uye yakakwenenzverwa. Pendi uye varnish zvinokurumidza kuparara pamusoro pehuni dzakanyorova dzakapendwa. Huni nyoro hunoita kuti zvipikiri nezvikoreko zviite ngura.
Miyero yezvigadzirwa zvekuveza zvinogadzirwa nematanda mbishi - magonhi, mahwindo, uriri hwepuranga, parquet nezvimwe zvigadzirwa - zvinopera panguva yekuomeswa. Nekuda kweizvi, kutsemuka kunoonekwa uye kuoma kwekubatana pakati pezvinhu kunorasika.
Saka, kunaka kwehuni mukuvaka, kusimba kwayo uye kushorwa pakuora kunotarirwa kunyanya nehunyoro hwayo, uyezve nemhando yehuni uye mamiriro ekushandiswa. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akajairika ekushandiswa, huni dzakaoma dzinogona kushanda muzvivakwa kwemakumi emakore.
Kuyera huni panguva yekuomesa
Panguva yekuomeswa, huni hunochinja hukuru hwayo: mune iyo longitudinal direction ye0,10%, mu radial ye3-6%, uye mune tangential ye6-12%. Shanduko iyi inonzi weighting.
Kuyera kunotanga apo hunyoro hunosvika pakuzara kwefibers, kubva23%ku31%. Anatomical zvinhu zvinoumba huni mukuomeswa kunoderera zvisina kuenzana, saka kurema kwehuni kwakasiyana nenzira dzakasiyana.
Huni dzine huremu hwepamusoro, hwakadai semuouki, hunorema kupfuura huni dzine huremu hwakaderera, hwakadai selinden. Mune conifer marudzi, ukuru hwekuremera zvakare hunoenderana nekutora chikamu kwehuni hwekupedzisira. Nekuwedzera kwehuwandu hwehuni hwekupedzisira mupine, uremu hunowedzera, nokuti matanda ekupedzisira emarudzi econiferous anorema zvakanyanya pakuoma kupfuura huni hwekutanga.
Kuyera kwekutanga uye kunonoka huni dzemhando dzeconiferous
| VRSTA DRVETA | Chikamu cheMuti | WEIGHT % | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mu tangent direction | Munzira yeradial | Volumetrically | ||
| Eat | Kurumidza | 5.68 | 2.89 | 8.77 |
| Kunonoka | 10.92 | 9.85 | 19.97 | |
| Bor | Kurumidza | 8.05 | 2.91 | 10.86 |
| Kunonoka | 11.26 | 8.22 | 10.87 | |
| Larch | Kurumidza | 7.11 | 3.23 | 10.34 |
| Kunonoka | 12.25 | 10.19 | 20.96 | |
Kuyera mhando dzakasiyana dzehuni
| VRSTA DRVETA | WEIGHT % | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Munzira yeradial | Mu tangent direction | Volumetrically | |
| Bor | 3.4 | 8.1 | 12.5 |
| Spruce | 4.1 | 9.3 | 14.1 |
| Larch | 5.3 | 10.4 | 15.1 |
| Jasen | 4.8 | 8.2 | 13.5 |
| Oak | 4.7 | 8.4 | 12.7 |
| Bukva | 4.8 | 10.8 | 15.3 |
Mamiriro ekunze uye kutsemuka
Kuchinja kusina kuenzana kwezviyero mukugadzirisa uremu nekuda kwekuoma, pamwe chete nekushandiswa kwehurumende dzisina kunaka dzekuomesa, kunokonzera kushushikana kwemukati uye kunze kwehuni. Zvinotungamirira kumamiriro ekunze uye kuonekwa kwekunze uye dzimwe nguva kutsemuka kwemukati.
Mabhodhi akachekwa ane tangentially anowanzoita mamiriro ekunze kupfuura mabhodhi akachekwa. Kana vari pedyo nerutivi, ndipo panobva panyanya kugerwa nemhepo.
Mufananidzo 3. Kupeta mapuranga zvichienderana nechinzvimbo murogi.
Kutsemuka kwekunze kunokonzerwa nekuoma kusina kuenzana kwekunze uye mukati mehuni. Nekuda kwemusiyano mukuru uripo pakati pekunyorova kwadzo, kusimba kwehuni kunoonekwa pamusoro pehuni, izvo zvinoita kuti pave nekutsemuka kwekunze.
Kuitira kuti udzivise kutaridzika kwekunze kwekuputika, nzira yekuomesa inofanira kuitwa zvishoma nezvishoma uye zvakaenzana. Ipapo shanduko yezviyero inoitika zvishoma nezvishoma, saka masimba anokonzera kupuruzira madiki.
Matanda anooma nekukurumidza kubva kumberi, ndosaka mamberi emapuranga, mabheti uye matanda akatenderera achitsemuka kupfuura mamwe mapeji. Kuti udzivise kutsemuka, huma dzinofanira kudzivirirwa kubva kunguva isingaperi yemwaranzi yezuva nekuiputira nemishonga inodzivirira kana nekuiisa mumumvuri.
Kuzvimba kwemuti
Kuzvimba kwehuni ndiyo inodzokera kumashure yekuomesa nekuyera. Huni dzakaomeswa dzinokwanisa kutora unyoro uye kuwedzera hukuru hwayo. Ichi chinoshandiswa kunyorovesa madhiramu akaoma, mapaipi emapuranga, matangi nezvimwe zvinhu zvichiita kuti azvimbe.