Paʻa i ka lāʻau mai popopo

ʻO ka lāʻau he mea olaola i ʻike ʻia i ka palaho ma muli o ka hana a nā haʻani luku ke kūpono ka mahana a me ka haʻahaʻa no ko lākou ulu ʻana.

ʻO ka hōʻailona mua o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā haʻani ma luna o ka lāʻau he mycelia, hyphae a me corpophores - nā kino hua. I mea e hoʻoholo ai i ke ʻano o ka haʻiki i kumu i ka pala, pono e nānā i kahi laʻana o ka lāʻau maʻi i nā kūlana ʻoihana.

Nā kūlana e ulu ai nā halo hale

Hiki i nā halo hale ke ulu a ulu i kahi mahana o +2iā +35 °C, akā, ʻo ka mahana maikaʻi loa no ko lākou ulu ʻana mai18i20 °C, me kahi haʻahaʻa o25i150%.

ʻO ka lāʻau i maloʻo a hiki i ka haʻahaʻa ma lalo o ka palena hygroscopic, ʻo ia hoʻi ma lalo o 23%, loaʻa ka pale maloʻo i nā haʻani luku lāʻau. Ma ka haʻahaʻa ma luna o 150%, loaʻa i ka lāʻau ka pale ʻana i ka makū e kūʻē i nā haʻani luku. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā ʻano o ka mālama ʻana i ka lāʻau i loko o nā hale kūʻai ma ke kumu o ka pale maloʻo a me ka pulu.

ʻEkolu hui o nā ana pale lāʻau

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mea e pale ai i ka lāʻau mai ka popopo:

• hana;
• hoʻohana;
• kemika.

Nā hana kūkulu

Manaʻo nā hana kūkulu i ka hoʻopulapula ʻana i ka lāʻau mai ka mana o ka makū o ka lepo, ka hau, ka condensation o ka mahu wai a me ka ua o ka lewa, ka ea o nā lumi ma lalo o ka papahele a me ka wehe ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka lāʻau mai ke kapuahi i hiki ʻole ke puhi i ke ahi.

Nā hana hoʻohana

Hoʻoponopono nā hana hana i ka pale ʻana i ka lāʻau mai ka pulu ʻana ma muli o ka hewa o ka ʻupena wai, ka hū ʻana o ka uhi o ka hale, ka pipili ʻana o nā auwai me nā lau a me nā kumu like.

ʻAʻole pono e holoi ʻia nā papa pāpaʻi me ka wai, no ka mea, e pulu nui kēia i nā papahele makapō ma lalo. ʻAʻole maikaʻi lākou i ka ea, maloʻo mālie a hiki ke loaʻa i ka maʻi me nā haʻani luku lāʻau. ʻAʻole pono e lawe ʻia ka lāʻau i loaʻa i nā haʻi ʻino i loko o nā hale, a pono e hoʻoheheʻe mau ʻia ka hale.

Nā ana kemika

E pili ana nā hana kemika i ka mālama ʻana i ka lāʻau i manaʻo ʻia no nā hana kūkulu hale me nā antiseptics kūikawā. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou i nā antiseptics hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe wai, nā ʻaila mineral like ʻole a me nā antiseptics kinoea.

O nā antiseptics hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai, ʻo ka sodium fluoride (NaF) a me ka sodium silicon fluoride (Na₂SiF₆). 3% wai wai o ka sodium fluoride hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ma ke ʻano he antiseptic no ka lāʻau i ke kūkulu ʻana.

Nā ʻano hana hoʻoheheʻe lāʻau

Hana ʻia ka impregnation o ka lāʻau:

• kaiapuni;
• keʻano bandage;
• ma o ka supercoating;
• impregnation ma lalo o ke kaomi;
• ka lapaʻau ʻana me nā antiseptics me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pulupulu a i ʻole ka pū puhi;
• ma o ka ʻauʻau wela-anu;
• ka lapaʻau ʻana me nā pāpaʻi antiseptic.

Ke kau ʻana i ka lāʻau

Hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻoinu ʻana i ka lāʻau i loko o nā kīʻaha paʻa a i ʻole nā ​​​​kīʻaha i hoʻopiha ʻia me ka antiseptic no ka impregnation o nā pou telegraph, scaffolding a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka luʻu ʻana no ka pine7-8lā, a no ka spruce ma ka liʻiliʻi10lā. Ma kēia ala, komo ka mea antiseptic i ka lāʻau3-6 mm.

Keʻano Bandage

Hoʻohana nui ʻia ke ʻano hui no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā pou kelepona a me nā pou kelepona. ʻO ka hope o ka pou e pono ke kanu ʻia i loko o ka lepo, ua wahī ʻia me kahi kāʻei i hana ʻia i ʻelua papa o ka lole jute a i ʻole nā mea ʻē aʻe kahi e hoʻohele like ʻia ai kahi lāʻau antiseptic maloʻo.

Hui ʻia ka lole me ke kaula i ʻole e hāʻule i waho ka lāʻau antiseptic, a ʻo kona ʻaoʻao o waho he wai. Komo ka wai lepo ma ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa o ke kolamu, piʻi i ka lāʻau, hoʻoheheʻe i ka mea antiseptic a huki iā ia i luna. Hiki i ka hohonu o ka impregnation i 1–2 cm.

ʻano Supercoat

Ma ke ʻano supercoat, ua hui pū ʻia kahi mea hoʻoheheʻe wai-soluble me kahi mea hoʻopili a hoʻopili ʻia i ka ʻili o ka lāʻau. No ka lōʻihi o ka manawa, komo ia i loko o ka lāʻau.

Penetration e like me ke kānāwai o ka diffusion, e ʻae ai i ka impregnation o ka lāʻau me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka haʻahaʻa. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā antiseptics ʻaila ma kēia ʻano.

Impregnation ma lalo o ke kaomi

Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka impregnation no nā mea moe kaʻaahi a hiki ke hana ʻia ma ke ʻano hana hānai piha a i ʻole ka mālama ʻana.

lako mana piha

Ma ka mana piha, hoʻokomo ʻia ka lāʻau i loko o ka cylinder impregnation a mālama ʻia 15–45 min ma lalo o ka hakahaka i mea e wehe ai i ka ea mai nā pores o ka papa honua o ka lāʻau. A laila, hoʻopiha ʻia ka pahu me ka wai wai o kahi lāʻau antiseptic.

ʻO 40–50 °C ka mahana no nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai, a i ʻole 90–100 °C no nā mea hoʻohana i ka aila. Ke hoʻopiha ʻia ka cylinder me kahi antiseptic, hoʻokumu ʻia kahi kaomi o 8–20 ea me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pamu. Mālama ʻia ka lāʻau ma lalo o kēia kaomi no 1–2 mau hola, e pili ana i ka nui o ka ʻāpana kea o ka mea e hoʻokomo ʻia.

He kumu kūʻai nui kēia ʻano, no ka mea, pono ia ma kahi o 300 kg lāʻau antiseptic ma 1 m³ lāʻau.

lako mana waiwai

ʻO ka impregnation me ka lako mana waiwai pono e emi iho ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā antiseptics aila. Mālama ʻia ka lāʻau i loko o ka impregnation cylinder ma lalo o ke kaomi ea o 2–4 lewa no 10–15 mminutes. Hoʻopiha ʻia ka cylinder me kahi antiseptic ʻaila i hoʻomehana ʻia i 95 °C.

Hoʻokumu ʻia kahi kaomi o 7 a i 20 lewa i loko o ka cylinder i ka 30 mminutes. Ma hope o kēlā, hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka lāʻau antiseptic a hoʻokumu ʻia kahi ʻōpala a hiki i 55 mm kolamu mercury i loko o 15–20 mminutes. He 70–75 kg no ka 1 m³ o ka laau.

Ke kumu o ka hoʻolako mana hoʻokele waiwai e pili ana i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka ea i loko o nā pores o ka lāʻau i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma muli o ke kaomi mua. I ka wā o ka vacuum i ka pae hope o ka impregnation, hoʻokuʻu ka ea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka lāʻau antiseptic mai nā pores o ka lāʻau.

Hoʻopili ʻia me ka pulupulu a i ʻole ka pū puhi

Ma ka hana ʻana, ua uhi ʻia ka lāʻau me nā antiseptics me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pulupulu a i ʻole ka pū puhi.

ʻO ka lāʻau maloʻo ea i manaʻo ʻia no ka hana kūkulu ʻana - nā kaola, nā easels, nā kolamu, nā papa papahele, nā panela kaupaku a me nā mea ʻē aʻe - ua mālama ʻia me ka wai wela ʻekolu pakeneka o ka sodium fluoride. He mau hola ma hope o ka maloʻo ʻana o ka ʻili lāʻau, e hana hou ʻia ka mālama ʻana.

ʻauʻau wela-anu

ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ke ʻano ʻauʻau wela-anu. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka lāʻau maloʻo ea i loko o kahi pahu i hoʻopiha ʻia me kahi ʻekolu pākēneka wai wai o ka sodium fluoride ma kahi mahana ma kahi o 95 °C. Ma muli o ka nui o ka ʻokiʻoki, noho ʻo ia i ka antiseptic no kahi o ʻehā hola.

Hoʻololi ʻia ka lāʻau i kahi solution antiseptic ma kahi mahana o 20–25 °C, kahi e waiho ai no 2–2,5 hola.

Nā lāʻau antiseptic ʻaila

O ka aila antiseptics, ka aila creosote a me ka carbolineum i hoohana nui ia no ka hookomo ana i na welau o lalo o na pou telegarapa, na welau o na kaola i kanuia i ka lepo, na kukuna moe, na mea moe alahao a me na mea like.

Ma muli o ka ʻala ʻoi a maikaʻi ʻole, ʻaʻole pono e hoʻokomo ʻia ka lāʻau no nā hale noho, nā hale kūʻai huaʻai a me nā mea ʻai a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe no nā huahana meaʻai.

Nā mea hoʻoheheʻe antiseptic a me nā mea hana kinoea

Hoʻohana pū ʻia nā mea hoʻoheheʻe antiseptic, ka uhi silicate, ka supercoat extract a me ka supercoat bituminous no ka impregnation lāʻau.

Hoʻopili ʻia nā ʻāpana antiseptic i ka ʻili lāʻau me kahi pulupulu, ma ka nui o 450 a i 750 g no ka 1 m² ili. Hoʻohana ʻia nā supercoatings no ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o ka lāʻau, e like me nā wēlau o nā kaola, nā kākoʻo o nā lau a me nā wēlau o nā kolamu i kanu ʻia i ka lepo.

Kakaʻikahi ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau antiseptic kinoea - chlorpicrin, sulfur gas a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

Koho o ke kaʻina hana pale

koho ʻia ke ʻano o ka impregnation e like me nā kūlana i loaʻa ai ka lāʻau.

No ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lāʻau i ka hana kamana o kēia wā, e ʻike i kā mākou pukapuka lāʻau a me nā puka mua, a i ʻole e hoʻouna i kahi nīnau ma o ka ʻaoʻao hoʻopili.