Kariyar itace daga rubewa

Itace kwayar halitta ce da aka fallasa ga lalacewa saboda aikin fungi masu lalata lokacin da zafin jiki da zafi suna da kyau don haɓaka su.

Alamar farko na kasancewar fungi akan bishiyar na iya zama mycelia, hyphae da corpophores - jikin ’ya’yan itace. Don ƙayyade nau’in naman gwari wanda ya haifar da rot, ya zama dole a bincika samfurin itace mai cutarwa a cikin yanayin dakin gwaje-gwaje.

Halin da naman gwari na gida ke tasowa

Namomin kaza na gida na iya girma da haɓaka a zazzabi na +2ku +35 °C, amma mafi m zafin jiki ga ci gaban su ne daga18ku20 °C, tare da zafi na25ku150%.

Ciwon itace busasshen damshi a kasa da iyakar hygroscopic, watau kasa da 23%, yana da busasshen rigakafi daga fungi masu lalata itace. A zafi sama da 150%, itacen yana samun rigakafin danshi daga fungi masu lalata. Hanyoyin bushe da rigar adana itace a cikin ɗakunan ajiya suna dogara ne akan ka’idar bushewa da rigar rigakafi.

Ƙungiyoyi uku na matakan kariya na itace

Matakan kare itace daga rubewa sun kasu zuwa:

• m;
• amfani;
• sunadarai.

Matakan ingantawa

Matakan haɓakawa suna yin hasashen rufe itace daga tasirin danshi daga ƙasa, daskarewa, tururi na ruwa da hazo na yanayi, samun iska na ɗakuna a ƙarƙashin bene da cirewa ko keɓe itace daga cikin bututun hayaki ta yadda ba zai iya kama wuta ba.

Matakan amfani

Matakan cin zarafi suna ba da kariya ga itace daga jika saboda rashin aiki na hanyar samar da ruwa, zubar da rufin rufin, toshe magudanan ruwa da ganye da makamantansu.

Kada a wanke benaye na parquet da ruwa, saboda wannan yana jika da makafi da ke ƙasa da su. Ba su da isasshen iska, bushewa a hankali kuma suna iya kamuwa da fungi masu lalata itace. Bai kamata a kawo itacen da ya kamu da fungi masu lalata ba a cikin gine-gine, kuma ginin ya kamata ya kasance da iska a koyaushe.

Matakan sinadarai

Matakan sinadarai suna yin la’akari da kula da itacen da aka yi nufin yin aikin gine-gine tare da maganin rigakafi na musamman. An raba su zuwa maganin antiseptics mai narkewa, daban-daban mai ma’adinai da magungunan kashe kwayoyin cuta.

Daga cikin magungunan kashe-kashe masu narkewa da ruwa, mafi yawan amfani da su sune sodium fluoride (NaF) da sodium silicon fluoride (Na₂SiF₆). Don itace a cikin gine-gine, ana amfani da shi sau da yawa azaman maganin antiseptik3%ruwa bayani na sodium fluoride.

Hanyoyin da ake amfani da ita wajen zubar da itace

Ana aiwatar da impregnation na itace:

• nutsewa;
• hanyar bandeji;
• ta hanyar supercoating;
• impregnation a karkashin matsin;
• magani tare da maganin rigakafi ta amfani da goga ko bindiga mai feshi;
• ta hanyar wanka mai zafi;
• magani tare da man shafawa na antiseptik.

Itace mai nutsewa

Ana amfani da nutsewar itace a cikin buɗaɗɗen katangar bango ko kankare cike da maganin kashe-kashe ana amfani da shi don zubar da sandunan telegraph, gogewa da sauran abubuwa.

Tsawon lokacin nutsewa don pine shine7-8kwanaki, kuma don spruce a kalla10kwanaki. Ta wannan hanyar, wakili na maganin antiseptik yana shiga cikin itace3-6 mm.

Yanayin Bandage

Ana amfani da hanyar daɗaɗa musamman don zubar da igiyoyin telegraph da tarho. Ƙarshen post ɗin da ake buƙatar binne shi a cikin ƙasa an nannade shi da bandeji da aka yi da zanen jute Layer biyu ko wani abu wanda aka rarraba busassun maganin kashe kwayoyin cuta.

An dinka masana’anta da zare domin kada maganin kashe kwayoyin cuta ya fado, sannan Layer na waje dole ne ya zama mai hana ruwa. Ruwan cikin ƙasa yana shiga ta ƙasan fuskar ginshiƙi, ya hau ta cikin itace, ya narkar da wakili na antiseptik kuma ya jawo shi. Zurfin impregnation ya kai 1-2 cm.

Yanayin Supercoat

A cikin hanyar supercoating, ana haɗewa da maganin antiseptik mai narkewa da ruwa a shafa a saman itacen. Tsawon lokaci mai tsawo, yana shiga cikin itacen.

A shigar azzakari cikin farji ne bisa ga ka’idar yaduwa, wanda damar da impregnation na itace tare da karin zafi. Ba za a iya amfani da maganin kashe ƙwayar mai ta wannan hanyar ba.

Impregnation karkashin matsin

Tsarin matsa lamba ana amfani da shi ne musamman ga masu barcin layin dogo kuma ana iya yin su ta hanyar cikakken abinci ko kuma hanyar ciyarwa.

Cikakken wutar lantarki

A cikakken iko, da itacen da aka sanya a cikin impregnation Silinda da kuma ajiye 15–45 min karkashin injin domin cire iska daga pores na surface Layer na itacen. Sannan ana cika silinda da ruwan maganin maganin kashe kwayoyin cuta.

Zazzabi shine 40–50 °C don maganin antiseptics mai ruwa, ko 90–100 °C na masu tushen mai. Lokacin da Silinda ya cika da maganin rigakafi, ana haifar da matsa lamba na 8–20 yanayi ta amfani da famfo. Ana ajiye itace a ƙarƙashin wannan matsi na 1–2 sa’o’i, ya danganta da girman yanki na kayan da za a yi ciki.

Wannan hanyar tana da tsada, saboda tana buƙatar kusan 300 kg maganin antiseptic akan 1 m³ itace.

Tattalin arzikin wutar lantarki

Tsarin ciki tare da samar da wutar lantarki yana buƙatar rage yawan amfani da maganin rigakafin mai. Ana ajiye itacen a cikin silinda impregnation ƙarƙashin matsin iska na 2–4 yanayi na 10–15 mminutes. Sannan ana cika Silinda da maganin kashe-kashe mai mai wanda aka yi zafi zuwa 95 °C.

A matsa lamba na 7 zuwa 20 yanayi an ƙirƙira shi a cikin silinda yayin 30 mmintuna. Bayan haka, ana fitar da maganin kashe-kashe kuma an ƙirƙiri injin da ya kai 55 mm mercury column yayin 15–20 mminutes. Amfanin maganin maganin kashe mai shine 70–75 kg kowace 1 m³ na itace.

Ka’idar samar da wutar lantarki ta tattalin arziki ta dogara ne akan gaskiyar cewa iska a cikin pores na itace yana matsawa saboda matsa lamba na farko. A lokacin injin a cikin mataki na ƙarshe na impregnation, matsewar iska tana fitar da maganin antiseptik daga ramukan itace.

Rufi ta goga ko feshi gun

A wajen gini, ana shafa itace da maganin kashe kwayoyin cuta ta hanyar amfani da buroshi ko bindigar feshi.

A busasshiyar itacen da aka yi niyya don aikin gini - katako, easels, ginshiƙai, allon bene, bangarorin rufi da sauran abubuwa - ana bi da su tare da maganin ruwan zafi na kashi uku na sodium fluoride. Bayan ’yan sa’o’i bayan saman itacen ya bushe, ana maimaita maganin.

wanka mai zafi mai zafi

Wanka mai zafi mai zafi ya fi tasiri. Itacen busasshen iska yana nutsewa cikin tanki mai cike da maganin ruwa na sodium fluoride na kashi uku cikin ɗari a zafin jiki na kusan95 °C. Dangane da girman yanke, yana zama a cikin maganin kashe kwayoyin cuta na kimanin sa’o’i hudu.

Ana canja itacen zuwa maganin antiseptic na zafin jiki20-25 °C, wanda ya rage2-2,5awa.

Maganganun maganin kashe mai

Daga cikin magungunan kashe kwayoyin cuta, man creosote da carbolineum galibi ana amfani da su don zubar da ƙananan ƙarshen sandunan telegraph, ƙarshen katako da aka binne a cikin ƙasa, katako mai bacci, masu bacci na jirgin ƙasa da makamantansu.

Saboda kaifi da ƙamshi mai ban sha’awa, itacen da aka yi nufin gine-ginen zama, ɗakunan ’ya’yan itace da kayan lambu da sauran wurare don kayan abinci ba dole ba ne a sanya su tare da maganin antiseptik mai.

Maganin maganin kashe-kashe da abubuwan gas

Hakanan ana amfani da suturar maganin kashe ƙwayoyin cuta, suturar silicate, cire supercoat da supercoat bituminous don zubar da itace.

Ana amfani da suturar maganin antiseptik a saman katako tare da goga, a cikin adadin450ku750Mr1 m² yanki. Ana amfani da suturar da aka yi da su don zubar da mafi mahimmancin sassa na itace, irin su ƙarshen katako, goyan bayan grids da ƙarshen ginshiƙan da aka binne a cikin ƙasa.

Maganin kashe kwayoyin cuta na Gaseous - chlorpicrin, sulfur gas, da sauransu - ba kasafai ake amfani da su ba.

Zaɓin hanyar kariya

An zaɓi hanyar da ake yin ciki bisa ga yanayin da aka samo itace.

Don aikace-aikacen itace a cikin haɗin gwiwa na zamani, duba mu gilashin katako da kofar gaba, ko aika tambaya ta shafin lamba.