Umthi yinto ephilayo esesichengeni sokubola ngenxa yesenzo sokungunda okutshabalalisayo xa iqondo lobushushu kunye nokufuma kulungele ukukhula kwazo.

Uphawu lokuqala lobukho bomngundo emthini inokuba yi-mycelia, i-hyphae kunye ne-corpophores - imizimba eneziqhamo. Ukuze unqume uhlobo lwefungus olubangele ukubola, kuyimfuneko ukuhlola isampuli yomthi onesifo kwiimeko zebhubhoratri.

Iimeko apho amakhowa akhula khona

Amakhowa endlu anokukhula kwaye aphuhle kwiqondo lobushushu le +2ukuya +35 °C, kodwa elona qondo lobushushu lithandekayo kuphuhliso lwabo luvela18ukuya20 °C, kunye nokufuma kwe25ukuya150%.

Imithi eyomisiweyo kukufuma ngaphantsi komda we-hygroscopic, okt ngezantsi 23%, ine-immunity eyomileyo ngokuchasene nokungunda okutshabalalisa iinkuni. Kumanzi angaphezulu kwe-150%, inkuni ifumana ukukhuseleka kokufuma ngokuchasene nefungi ezonakalisayo. Iindlela zokugcinwa kweenkuni ezomileyo nezimanzi kwiindawo zokugcina iimpahla zisekwe kumgaqo wokhuseleko olomileyo nolumanzi.

Amaqela amathathu emilinganiselo yokukhusela iinkuni

Amanyathelo okukhusela iinkuni ekuboleni zohlulwe zibe:

  • eyakhayo;
  • ukuxhatshazwa;
  • ikhemikhali.

Imilinganiselo eyakhayo

Amanyathelo okwakha acinga ukugqunyelelwa komthi kwimpembelelo yokufuma komhlaba, ukukhenkceza, ukujiya komphunga wamanzi kunye nemvula ye-atmospheric, ukungena komoya wamagumbi angaphantsi komgangatho kunye nokususwa okanye ukugquma komthi kwitshimini ukuze ingavuthi umlilo.

Imilinganiselo yokuxhaphaza

Amanyathelo okusebenza acinga ukukhuselwa komthi ekumanziseni ngenxa yothungelwano lonikezelo lwamanzi olungalunganga, ukugquma kophahla oluvuzayo, ukuvaleka kweegutha ngamagqabi nezinye izizathu ezifanayo.

Imigangatho yeParquet akufanele ihlanjwe ngamanzi, njengoko oku kuya kumanzisa kakhulu imigangatho eyimfama engaphantsi kwayo. Aziphefumli kakuhle, zome kancinane kwaye zingosuleleka yifungi etshabalalisa iinkuni. Imithi eyosulelwe ngumngundo eyonakalisayo akufuneki ingeniswe kwizakhiwo, kwaye isakhiwo kufuneka sisoloko singena umoya.

Imilinganiselo yemichiza

Amanyathelo ekhemikhali acingela ukunyangwa komthi ojoliswe kwimisebenzi yokwakha ene-antiseptics ekhethekileyo. Zahlulwe zibe zizibulali-ntsholongwane ezinyibilikayo emanzini, ii-oyile ezahlukeneyo zeminerali kunye ne-gaseous antiseptics.

Kwi-antiseptics enyibilikayo emanzini, eyona nto isetyenziswa kakhulu yi-sodium fluoride (NaF) kunye ne-sodium silicon fluoride (Na₂SiF₆). 3% unyibiliko lwamanzi lwesodium fluoride ludla ngokusetyenziswa njengesibulala-ntsholongwane kulwakhiwo.

Iindlela zokumilisela iinkuni

Ukufakelwa komthi kwenziwa:

  • ukuntywiliselwa;
  • indlela ye-bandage;
  • ngokusebenzisa i-supercoating;
  • ukukhulelwa phantsi koxinzelelo;
  • unyango nge-antiseptics usebenzisa i-brush okanye isibhamu sokutshiza;
  • ngokusebenzisa ibhafu eshushu ebandayo;
  • unyango kunye ne-antiseptic pastes.

Ukuntywila iinkuni

Ukucwiliswa komthi kwiindonga ezivulekileyo okanye izitya zekhonkrithi ezizaliswe nge-antiseptic zisetyenziselwa ukufakwa kweepali ze-telegraph, i-scaffolding kunye nezinye izinto.

Ixesha lokuntywiliselwa kwipayini li7-8iintsuku, kunye nespruce ubuncinci10iintsuku. Ngale ndlela, i-agent agent ingena emthini3-6 mm.

Imodi ye-Bandage

Indlela yebhendi isetyenziswa ikakhulu ukumithisa iipali zetelegraph neemfonomfono. Isiphelo sesithuba esifuna ukungcwatywa emhlabeni sisongelwe ngebhandeji elenziwe ngamaleko amabini e-jute cloth okanye enye into apho i-agent eyomileyo ye-antiseptic isasazwa ngokulinganayo.

Ilaphu lithungwe ngomtya ukwenzela ukuba i-antiseptic ingawi, kwaye umaleko wayo wangaphandle kufuneka ungangeni manzi. Amanzi aphantsi komhlaba angena ngaphaya kobuso obuphantsi bekholomu, ekhwela emthini, anyibilikise i-agent agent kwaye ayikhuphe. Ubunzulu bofakelo bufikelela 1–2 cm.

Supercoat mode

Kwindlela ye-supercoat, i-agent ye-antiseptic e-soluble yamanzi ixutywe kunye ne-adhesive kwaye isetyenziswe kumphezulu womthi. Ngexesha elide, ingena ngaphakathi kwiplanga.

Ukungena kwenziwa ngokomthetho wokusasazwa, ovumela ukufakwa komthi ngokunyuka kokufuma. Izibulala-ntsholongwane ezinamafutha azinakusetyenziswa ngolu hlobo.

Ukukhulelwa phantsi koxinzelelo

Ufakelo loxinzelelo lusetyenziswa ikakhulu kwiindawo zokulala zikaloliwe kwaye lunokwenziwa ngendlela yokutya ngokupheleleyo okanye eyongayo.

Umbane ogcweleyo

Ngamandla apheleleyo, ukhuni lufakwe kwi-cylinder yokufakelwa kwaye igcinwe 15–45 min ngaphantsi kwe-vacuum ukwenzela ukukhupha umoya kwi-pores ye-surface layer yomthi. I-cylinder ke izaliswe ngesisombululo esimanzi se-antiseptic agent.

Ubushushu ngu 40–50 °C kwi-aqueous antiseptics, okanye 90–100 °C ye-oyile-based. Xa i-cylinder igcwele i-antiseptic, uxinzelelo lwe-8–20 umoya wenziwa ngokusebenzisa umpompo. Umthi ugcinwa phantsi kolu xinzelelo lwe-1–2 iiyure, kuxhomekeke kubukhulu becandelo lezinto eziza kufakwa.

Le ndlela iyabiza, njengoko ifuna malunga 300 kg ne-antiseptic agent on 1 m³ wood.

Ubonelelo lwamandla ezoqoqosho

Ukufakelwa kwamandla oqoqosho kufuna ukusetyenziswa okuncinci kwe-oil antiseptics. Umthi ugcinwa kwi-cylinder yokufakelwa phantsi koxinzelelo lomoya lwe-2–4 umoya we-10–15 mimizuzu. I-cylinder ke igcwaliswe nge-oil antiseptic evuthayo ku-95 °C.

A uxinzelelo lwe-7 ukuya 20 umoya wenziwa kwi-cylinder ngexesha 30 mimizuzu. Emva koko, i-arhente ye-antiseptic ikhutshwe kwaye i-vacuum ukuya kuthi ga kwi-55 mm ikholamu ye-mercury yenziwe ngexesha 15–20 mimizuzu. Ukusetyenziswa kwesithinteli se-oyile 70–75 kg nge1 m³ ngomthi.

Umgaqo wonikezelo lwamandla oqoqosho lusekelwe kwinto yokuba umoya kwiipores zomthi uxinzelelwe ngenxa yoxinzelelo lokuqala. Ngethuba lokucoca kwinqanaba lokugqibela lokukhulelwa, umoya ocinezelweyo ukhupha i-agent e-antiseptic kwi-pores yomthi.

Ukugquma ngebrashi okanye umpu wokutshiza

Kulwakhiwo, iinkuni ziqatywe ngamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane kusetyenziswa ibrashi okanye umpu wokutshiza.

Imithi eyomileyo yomoya elungiselelwe umsebenzi wokwakha - imiqadi, ii-easel, iikholamu, iibhodi zomgangatho, iipaneli zesilingi kunye nezinye izinto - ziphathwa ngesisombululo sesithathu seepesenti samanzi ashushu sesodium fluoride. Kwiiyure ezimbalwa emva kokuba umphezulu womthi womile, unyango luyaphindwa.

Ibhafu eshushu ebandayo

Indlela yokuhlamba eshushu ebandayo isebenza ngakumbi. Umthi owomileyo untywiliselwa kwitanki ezaliswe sisinyibiliko se-aqueous sepesenti ezintathu se-sodium fluoride kubushushu obumalunga ne-95 °C. Ngokuxhomekeke kubukhulu bokusikwa, ihlala kwi-antiseptic malunga neeyure ezine.

Umthi emva koko udluliselwe kwisisombululo esibulala amagciwane kwiqondo lobushushu le-20–25 °C, apho lihlala 2–2,5 iiyure.

I-oily antiseptic agents

Kwi-oil antiseptics, ioli ye-creosote kunye ne-carbolineum isetyenziswa kakhulu ekufakeni iziphelo ezisezantsi zeepali ze-telegraph, iziphelo zemiqadi engcwatywe emhlabeni, imiqadi yokulala, indawo yokulala kaloliwe kunye nezinto ezifanayo.

Ngenxa yevumba elibukhali nelingathandekiyo, iinkuni ezilungiselelwe izakhiwo zokuhlala, iindawo zokugcina iziqhamo nemifuno kunye nezinye iindawo zeemveliso zokutya akufuneki zifakwe izibulala-ntsholongwane ze-oyile.

Iingubo ze-Antiseptic kunye ne-gas agents

Izaleko zeAntiseptic, i-silicate coat, i-extract supercoat kunye ne-bituminous supercoat nazo zisetyenziselwa ukumilisela iinkuni.

Izaleko zeAntiseptic zifakwa kumphezulu womthi ngebrashi, kubungakanani be 450 ukuya 750 g nge 1 m² umphezulu. I-Supercoatings isetyenziselwa ukubethelela ezona ndawo zibalulekileyo zokhuni, njengeziphelo zemiqadi, izixhaso zeegridi kunye neziphelo zeentsika ezingcwatywe emhlabeni.

I-Gaseous antiseptic agents - i-chlorpicrin, igesi yesulfure kunye nabanye-ayifane isetyenziswe.

Ukhetho lwenkqubo yokukhusela

Indlela yokukhulelwa ikhethwa ngokwemiqathango apho iinkuni zifumaneka khona.

Ukusetyenziswa komthi kwindlela yokuchwela yangoku, bona iifestile zomthi kunye neminyango yangaphambili, okanye uthumele umbuzo nge iphepha loqhagamshelwano.