Huni ivhu rinogara richiora nekuda kwekuita kwefungi inoparadza kana tembiricha nehunyoro zvakanakira kukura kwayo.
Chiratidzo chekutanga chekuvapo kwefungi pamuti inogona kuva mycelia, hyphae uye corpophores - miviri yezvibereko. Kuti uone rudzi rwefungus yakakonzera kuora, zvakakosha kuongorora muenzaniso wemuti unorwara mumamiriro e laboratory.
Mamiriro ezvinhu umo howa hwemumba hunokura
Howa hwemumba hunogona kukura nekukura patembiricha ye +2kuti +35 °C, asi yakanyanya kunaka tembiricha yekukura kwavo inobva18ku20 °C, nehunyoro hwe25ku150%.
Huni dzakaomeswa kusvika pakunyorova pasi peiyo hygroscopic muganhu, kureva pazasi 23%, ine inodzivirira yakaoma kurwisa fungi dzinoparadza huni. Pane hunyoro pamusoro 150%, huni hunowana hunyoro hwekudzivirira kubva kune inoparadza fungi. Nzira dzekuchengetera huni dzakaoma uye dzakanyorova mumatura dzinobva pamusimboti wekudzivirira kuoma nekunyorova.
Mapoka matatu ematanda ekudzivirira matanho
Matanho ekudzivirira huni kubva pakuora akakamurwa kuita:
- inovaka;
- kushandiswa;
- makemikari.
Matanho anovaka
Matanho anovaka anofungidzira kuvharwa kwehuni kubva mukufurirwa nehunyoro hwevhu, kuomesa chando, kudzika kwemhute yemvura uye kunaya kwemuchadenga, kufefetedza kwemakamuri pasi peuriri uye kubviswa kana kuiswa kwehuni kubva pachimbini kuti isabatire moto.
Matanho ekushandisa
Matanho ekushanda anoona kuchengetedzwa kwehuni kubva pakunyorova nekuda kwetatiweki yemvura inofambiswa zvakanaka, denga rinobuda, kuvhara marata nemashizha nezvimwe zvikonzero zvakafanana.
Parquet floor haifanirwe kugezwa nemvura, sezvo izvi zvichanyorovesa mapofu pasi pawo. Hadzina kupinza mhepo zvakanaka, dzinooma zvishoma nezvishoma uye dzinogona kutapukirwa nefungi dzinoparadza huni. Huni dzine howa dzinoparadza hadzifanirwe kupinzwa muzvivakwa, uye chivakwa chinofanirwa kugara chichifefeterwa.
Makemikari matanho
Chemical matanho anofungidzira kurapwa kwehuni dzakagadzirirwa mabasa ekuvaka ane akakosha antiseptics. Iwo akakamurwa kuita mishonga inonyungudika mumvura, mamineral oil akasiyana siyana uye gaseous antiseptics.
Pamishonga inonyungudika nemvura, inonyanya kushandiswa ndeye sodium fluoride (NaF) uye sodium silicon fluoride (Na₂SiF₆). 3% mvura yesodium fluoride inonyanya kushandiswa semushonga wehuni pakuvaka.
Nzira dzekugadzira huni
Kuiswa kwehuni kunoitwa:
- kunyudzwa;
- bandage nzira;
- nenzira ye supercoating;
- impregnation pasi pekumanikidzwa;
- kurapwa neantiseptics uchishandisa brashi kana spray pfuti;
- nenzira yekugeza inopisa-inotonhora;
- kurapwa neantiseptic pastes.
Kunyudza huni
Kunyudzwa kwehuni mumabheseni akavhurika ane madziro kana kongiri akazadzwa neantiseptic anoshandiswa kupinza matanda etelegraph, scaffolding nezvimwe zvinhu.
Nguva yekunyudzwa kwepaini ndeye7-8mazuva, uye nokuda kwespruce zvishoma10mazuva. Nenzira iyi, iyo antiseptic agent inopinda muhuni3-6 mm.
Bandage Mode
Iyo nzira yebhendi inonyanya kushandiswa kuitisa teregirafu nemapango erunhare. Magumo enzvimbo inoda kuvigwa muvhu inoputirwa nebhandiji rakagadzirwa nezvikamu zviviri zvemucheka wejuti kana zvimwe zvinhu umo mushonga wakaoma wekuuraya utachiona unogoverwa zvakaenzana.
Iyo jira inobatanidzwa netambo kuitira kuti antiseptic irege kudonha, uye kunze kwayo inofanira kunge isina mvura. Mvura yepasi inopinda nechepazasi pembiru, inokwira nemuhuni, inonyungudutsa antiseptic agent uye inoikwevera kumusoro. Kudzika kwemukati kunosvika 1–2 cm.
Supercoat mode
Mune supercoat nzira, mvura-inonyunguduka antiseptic agent inosanganiswa neadhesive uye inoshandiswa pamusoro pehuni. Kwenguva yakareba, inopinda mukati mehuni.
Kupinda kunoitwa maererano nemutemo wekupararira, izvo zvinobvumira kuiswa kwehuni nekuwedzera humidity. Mishonga ine mafuta inouraya utachiona haigoni kuiswa nenzira iyi.
Kuiswa pamuviri pasi pekumanikidzwa
Pressure impregnation inonyanya kushandiswa kune vanorara njanji uye inogona kuitwa nenzira yekudyisa yakakwana kana kuti isina..
Yakazara magetsi
Paine simba rakazara, huni hunoiswa muhumburumbira hwekudzivirira uye hunochengetwa 15–45 min pasi pevacuum kuitira kuti ibvise mhepo kubva kumapores epamusoro pehuni. Silinda rinobva razadzwa nemushonga wemvura wemushonga unouraya utachiona.
Tembiricha ndeye 40–50 °C yeaqueous antiseptics, kana 90–100 °C yemafuta-based. Kana silinda yakazadzwa neantiseptic, kudzvanywa kwe 8–20 atmosphere kunogadzirwa uchishandisa pombi. Huni inochengetwa pasi pekumanikidzwa uku kwemaawa 1–2, zvichienderana nekukura kwechikamu chechinhu chichaiswa.
Iyi nzira inodhura, sezvo ichida nezve 300 kg antiseptic agent pa 1 m³ huni.
Economical power supply
Impregnation ine ehupfumi simba rekupa kunoda zvakanyanya kushoma kudyiwa kwemafuta antiseptics. Iyo huni inochengetwa muhumburumbira yepregnation pasi pemhepo ye 2–4 atmosphere for 10–15 mmaminetsi. Silinda rinobva razadzwa nemushonga une mafuta unodziisa kusvika 95 °C.
A pressure ye 7 to 20 atmosphere inogadzirwa mucylinder panguva 30 mmaminetsi. Mushure meizvozvo, iyo antiseptic agent inoburitswa uye vacuum inosvika 55 mm mercury column inogadzirwa panguva 15–20 mmaminetsi. Kushandiswa kweoiri mushonga 70–75 kg pa1 m³ yehuni.
Nheyo yehupfumi hwehupfumi hunobva pakuti mhepo iri mumapores ehuni inomanikidzwa nekuda kwekumanikidzwa kwekutanga. Munguva yevacuum muchikamu chekupedzisira chekuiswa, mhepo yakamanikidzwa inodzinga iyo antiseptic agent kubva pamapores ehuni.
Kupfekedza nebhurashi kana pfuti yekupfapfaidza
Mukuvaka, huni inoputirwa nemishonga inouraya utachiona pachishandiswa bhurasho kana pfuti yekupfapfaidza.
Huni dzakaomeswa nemhepo dzakagadzirirwa basa rekuvaka - matanda, ma easel, makoramu, mapuranga epasi, sirin’i mapaneru uye zvimwe zvinhu - inogadziriswa netatu muzana yemvura inopisa solution ye sodium fluoride. Maawa mashoma mushure mekunge huni hwaoma, kurapwa kunodzokororwa.
Bath inotonhora-inotonhora
Iyo nzira yekugeza inopisa-inotonhora inoshanda zvakanyanya. Huni-yakaoma huni inonyudzwa mutangi yakazadzwa netatu kubva muzana ine mvura ine sodium fluoride patembiricha ingangoita 95 °C. Zvichienderana nehukuru hwekucheka, inogara mumishonga inouraya kwemaawa mana.
Huni rinobva raendeswa kumushonga unouraya utachiona patembiricha ye 20–25 °C, kwainosara kwe 2–2,5 maawa.
Oil antiseptic agents
Pamafuta anouraya kuuraya, creosote oiri uye carbolineum anonyanya kushandiswa kumisa migumo yepasi pemapango etelegraph, migumo yematanda akavigwa muvhu, matanda ekurara, zvitima zvenjanji nezvimwe zvakafanana.
Nekuda kwekunhuhwirira kwakapinza uye kusingafadzi, huni dzakagadzirirwa zvivakwa zvekugara, matura emichero nemiriwo nedzimwe nzvimbo dzezvigadzirwa zvechikafu hazvifanirwe kuisirwa mafuta anouraya kuuraya.
Antiseptic coatings uye gasi agents
Antiseptic coatings, silicate coat, extract supercoat uye bituminous supercoat inoshandiswawo kuisa huni.
Machira eAntiseptic anoiswa padenga rehuni nebhurasho, muhuwandu hwe 450 kusvika 750 g per 1 m² pamusoro. Supercoatings inoshandiswa kuisa pamuviri zvakakosha zvikamu zvehuni, semigumo yematanda, zvitsigiro zvegridi uye magumo emakoramu akavigwa muvhu.
Gaseous antiseptic agents - chlorpicrin, sulfur gas nezvimwe - hazviwanzoshandiswa.
Sarudzo yekudzivirira maitiro
Nzira yekudzivirira inosarudzwa maererano nemamiriro ezvinhu umo huni hunowanikwa.
Pakushandisa matanda mukuveza, ona mahwindo emapuranga uye magonhi ekumberi, kana kutumira mubvunzo kuburikidza nepeji yekubata.