Laau palupalu a me ka laau paa

Māhele o nā lāʻau ʻili

ʻO ka lāʻau sawn, ʻo ia hoʻi nā papa a me nā ʻāpana o nā ʻano coniferous a hiki i 100 mm, i manaʻo ʻia no ka hoʻohana holoʻokoʻa a no ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana a me nā huahana i hoʻopau ʻia i ke kūkulu ʻana.

Ua māhele ʻia ka lāʻau sawn i nā papa, ʻoi aku ka laulā ma mua o ka pālua o ka mānoanoa, a me nā laths, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ka laulā ma mua o ka palua o ka mānoanoa. Piʻi ka mānoanoa o nā papa lahilahi i 35 mm, a me nā mānoanoa ma luna o 35 mm.

E like me ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana, ua māhele ʻia ka lāʻau sawn i ʻoki ʻia, kahi e ʻoki ʻia ai nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua ma ko lākou lōʻihi holoʻokoʻa a i ʻole kēlā me kēia o ka hapalua o ka lōʻihi, a ʻaʻole i ʻoki ʻia, kahi i ʻoki ʻole ʻia nā ʻaoʻao haiki a i ʻoki ʻia ma lalo o ka hapalua o ka lōʻihi. Pono e hana ʻia nā ʻaoʻao ākea ʻelua o ka lāʻau i ʻoki ʻia a i ʻoki ʻole ʻia ma ka lōʻihi holoʻokoʻa.

Ma muli o ka maikaʻi o ka lāʻau a me kāna hana ʻana, ua māhele ʻia ka lāʻau sawn i nā papa penei: prima-extra, I, II, III, IV a me V.

Nā papa lāʻau ʻili ʻia e like me ke kumu

Kūlana lāʻau ʻili no nā hale lāʻau pono e kūlike me nā kūlana hoʻolālā.

lāʻau ʻili ʻia o nā ʻano coniferous

Hoʻokumu ʻia ka lāʻau sawn mai ka pine, spruce, larch, kedera a me ka lāʻau kaʻa. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka lāʻau ʻili ʻia mai1i6,5 mme ka hoonui ana e0,25 m, a no ka hana moku a me ke alahaka a hiki i9,5 mme ka hoonui like ana.

Nā ana o nā papa a me nā kaola

Hoʻoholo ʻia ka laulā a me ka mānoanoa o ka lāʻau ʻili no ka lāʻau me ka maʻu15%. Ke piʻi aʻe ka haʻahaʻa, pono e ʻoi aku ka nui o nā lāʻau ʻili o nā ʻano lāʻau āpau, koe wale ka larch, ma muli o ka maloʻo ʻana e like me ke kūlana o kēia manawa. No ka larch, pi’i ke kaumaha ma muli o ka malo’o30%mai nā nui mai nā mea maʻamau e pili ana i ka pine, spruce a me ke kedera.

Ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka nui o ka lāʻau ʻili

ʻAʻole i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka mākū o ka lāʻau ʻili.

Kaola o nā ʻano coniferous

ʻO nā kaola o nā ʻano coniferous, ʻehā ʻaoʻao a ʻaoʻao ʻelua, loaʻa ka mānoanoa mai 110 a i 240 mm. No nā kaola ʻaoʻao ʻehā, pono e hana ʻia nā ʻaoʻao ʻehā, a no nā kaola ʻaoʻao ʻelua, ʻelua ʻaoʻao wale nō.

Hoʻoholo ʻia ka lōʻihi o nā kaola mai 1 a i 6,5 m, me ka piʻi ʻana o 0,25 m, a no ka hana moku a me ke kūkulu ʻana i ke alahaka a hiki i 9,5 m me ka hoʻonui like ʻana. ʻO 3,2 ka lōʻihi o nā kaola no nā alahaka kaʻaahi; 4,2 a me 5,2 m.

ʻO ka laula a me ka mānoanoa o nā kaola ʻaoʻao ʻehā mai 110 a i 240 mm. Hana ʻia nā kaola no nā alahaka kaʻa i nā mānoanoa a me nā laula 200 × 240, 220 × 260 a me 220 × 280 mm. ʻAʻole i hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka laulā o nā ʻaoʻao i ʻoki ʻia o nā kaola ʻaoʻao ʻelua.

Hoʻoholo ʻia nā ana o nā kaola no ka lāʻau me kahi maʻamau o 15%. Ke piʻi aʻe ka haʻahaʻa, pono e loaʻa i nā kaola o nā ʻano āpau, koe ka larch, ma muli o ka maloʻo ʻana e like me ke kūlana o kēia manawa. No nā kaola i hana ʻia i ka lāʻau larch, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ana ma muli o ka hoʻomaloʻo ʻana i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā kuʻuna i kuhikuhi ʻia no ka pine, spruce, kedera a me ka fir. Hiki ke hana ʻia nā kaola no nā alahaka kaʻa i ka lāʻau ʻoka.

Ma muli o ka maikaʻi o ka lāʻau, ua māhele ʻia nā kaola i ʻehā papa: I, II, III a me IV. ʻO ka papa hea e hoʻohana ʻia no kekahi mau hana ʻenekinia a me nā mea i kuhikuhi ʻia e nā kūlana kūpono a me nā kūlana ʻenehana no ke kūkulu ʻana a me nā mea.

Hoʻohana ʻia nā kaola Papa I no nā alahaka kaʻaahi a me nā mīkini mahiʻai. ʻAʻole pono e hāʻawi ʻia nā kaola o ka papa I a me II ma mua o ka ʻelemakule ma nā winch no ka liʻiliʻi o 30 lā.

ʻO nā lāʻau ʻili ʻia o nā ʻano lāʻau paʻakikī

Ma keʻano o ka maikaʻi, pono ka lāʻau e hoʻokō i nā koi o ke kūlana. Hoʻohana ʻia nā papa, nā ʻāpana a me nā kaola i hana ʻia i nā ʻano lāʻau paʻa i ka holoʻokoʻa a me nā ʻāpana pōkole no nā mea like ʻole i nā ʻano hana ʻenehana a me ke kūkulu ʻana.

Hana ʻia ka lāʻau ʻokiʻoki mai ka ʻoka, lehu, beech, birch, chub, hornbeam, elm, alder, aspen, linden, poplar, etc. Ua māhele ʻia i nā papa, kahi i ʻoi aku ka laulā ma mua o ka pālua o ka mānoanoa, nā laths, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ka laulā ma mua o ka pālua o ka mānoanoa, a me nā kaola, kahi i ʻoi aku ai ka mānoanoa a me nā kaola.100 mm. Ma ka mānoanoa, ua māhele ʻia ka lāʻau sawn i ka lahilahi, a hiki i35 mm, a ma ka manoanoa,35-40 mm.

Ka hana ʻana i nā lāʻau ʻili lāʻau paʻakikī

Wahi a ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana, ua māhele ʻia ka lāʻau sawn i:

• ʻoki ʻia, kahi i hana ʻia ai nā ʻaoʻao ʻehā, a ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻaoʻao i ʻoki ʻole ʻia ma mua o nā ana i ʻae ʻia;
• untrimmed, kahi i ʻoki ʻia ai nā ʻaoʻao ākea, a ʻaʻole i ʻoki ʻia nā ʻāpana, a i ʻole ka nui o nā ʻaoʻao o nā ʻaoʻao i ʻoki ʻole ʻia a ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka ʻae ʻia.

Ka nui a me ka haʻahaʻa

ʻO nā ana o ka lāʻau sawn penei:

• lōʻihi o1i6,5 m, mahuahua e0,1 m;
• mānoanoa7,10,13,16,19,22a25-50 mm, mahuahua e5 mm, i50-130 mm, mahuahua e10 mm;
• laula o50 mma oi aku, mahuahua e10 mm.

ʻO ka laulā o ka mea i hoʻopau ʻole ʻia, ʻo ia ka hapalua o nā laula o nā ʻaoʻao ākea ʻelua, i ana ʻia i waenakonu o ka lōʻihi o ka mea i hāʻawi ʻia, kahi i hiki ai i nā ʻāpana a hiki i0,5 cmmai helu, a0,5 cma oi aku ka heluia1 cm.

Hoʻoholo ʻia nā ana o ka lāʻau sawn ma ke ʻano o ka mānoanoa a me ka laulā no ka haʻahaʻa o ka lāʻau.15%. Ke piʻi aʻe ka haʻahaʻa, pono e ʻoi aku ka nui o ka lāʻau sawn ma muli o ka maloʻo ʻana.

ʻAʻole pono ke kiʻekiʻe o ka makū o ka lāʻau sawn ma mua o25%abs. Wahi a nā hemahema o ka lāʻau, ka maʻemaʻe o ka hana ʻana a me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka pololei, hana ʻia ka lāʻau sawn i nā papa ʻehā: I, II, III a me IV.

Nā kumuhana pili: build, māmā lāʻau, holo laau, nā mīkini hana lāʻau a me nā mea hana a me ka hana ʻana i nā puka makani lāʻau a me nā puka.