Division of sawn ntoo
Sawn lumber txhais tau tias cov laug cam thiab slats ntawm coniferous hom mus txog 100 mm, uas yog npaj rau kev siv tag nrho thiab rau kev ua cov khoom thiab cov khoom tiav hauv kev tsim kho.
Sawn lumber muab faib ua planks, nws qhov dav yog ntau tshaj ob npaug ntawm thickness, thiab laths, uas nws dav tsis ntau tshaj ob npaug ntawm thickness. Lub thickness ntawm nyias boards mus txog 35 mm, thiab cov tuab tshaj 35 mm.
Raws li qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev ua, sawn ntoo muab faib ua trimmed, qhov twg ob sab nqaim yog trimmed raws lawv tag nrho ntev los yog txhua yam ntawm lawv tsawg kawg yog ib nrab ntawm qhov ntev, thiab untrimmed, qhov nqaim sab tsis trimmed tag nrho los yog trimmed tsawg tshaj li ib nrab ntawm qhov ntev. Ob sab dav ntawm ob qho tib si trimmed thiab untrimmed ntoo yuav tsum tau ua raws li tag nrho ntev.
Raws li qhov zoo ntawm cov ntoo thiab nws cov txheej txheem, sawn ntoo muab faib ua cov hauv qab no: ** prima-extra, I, II, III, IV ** thiab ** V **.
Chav tsev ntawm sawn ntoo raws li lub hom phiaj
| Kev tsim kho | I,II,III,IV,V |
|---|---|
| Rau shipbuilding | I, II, III |
| Kev tsim kho wagon | I, II, III |
| Kev tsim kho choj | I, II, III |
| Rau lub tsev tsheb | I, II, III |
| Rau cov tsheb thauj khoom | II, III, IV |
| Kev ua rooj tog | I, II, III, IV |
| Rau ua qhov chaw rau nkoj | I, II, III |
| Kev ua cov kav ntoo | I, II |
| Kev ua cov ntim ntoo | II, III, IV, V |
Class of sawn ntoo rau cov qauv ntoo yuav tsum ua raws li cov qauv tsim.
Sawn ntoo ntawm coniferous hom
Cov ntoo sawn yog tsim los ntawm ntoo thuv, spruce, larch, cedar thiab fir ntoo. Qhov ntev ntawm sawn ntoo yog los ntawm1rau6,5 mnrog nce los ntawm0,25 m, thiab rau shipbuilding thiab choj tsev mus txog9,5 mnrog tib qhov ntev nce.
Dimensions ntawm boards thiab kab teeb
| Element | Thickness | Dav |
|---|---|---|
| Boards | 13,16,19,22,25,30,35,40,45,50,55,60,65,70,75,85,90thiab100 mm | Los ntawm50rau260 mm, nce los ntawm10 mm |
| Lub txaj | 25,30,35,40,45,50,55,60,65,70,75,80,90thiab100 mm | Los ntawm50rau200 mm, nce los ntawm10 mm |
Widths thiab thicknesses ntawm sawn ntoo yog txiav txim siab rau ntoo nrog noo noo15%. Thaum cov av noo siab dua, sawn ntoo ntawm txhua hom ntoo, tshwj tsis yog larch, yuav tsum muaj ntau dhau vim ziab raws li tus qauv tam sim no. Rau larch, qhov hnyav tshaj vim ziab nce los ntawm30%los ntawm qhov ntau thiab tsawg los ntawm cov qauv muaj feem xyuam nrog ntoo thuv, spruce thiab cedar.
Dimension deviations ntawm sawn ntoo
| Ntsuas | Txiav txim siab sib txawv |
|---|---|
| Ntev | ±5 cm |
| Thickness mus txog35 mm | ±1 mm |
| Thickness thiab dav ntawm 40 rau 100 mm | ±2″ |
| Dav ntawm 105 rau 210 mm | ±3″ |
| Dav tshaj 210 mm | ±4″ |
Cov dej noo ntawm cov ntoo sawn tsis yog tus qauv.
Beams of coniferous species
Kab ntawm cov kab mob coniferous, plaub-sided thiab ob sab, muaj ib lub thickness ntawm 110 mus rau 240 mm. Rau plaub-sided kab teeb, tag nrho plaub sab yuav tsum tau ua tiav, thiab rau ob sab kab, tsuas yog ob sab.
Qhov ntev ntawm kab teeb yog txiav txim siab los ntawm 1 mus rau 6,5 m, nrog rau kev nce ntawm 0,25 m, thiab rau kev tsim nkoj thiab kev tsim kho choj mus txog 9,5 m nrog qhov ntev ntawm qhov nce. Beams siv rau kev tsheb ciav hlau txuas hniav muaj qhov ntev ntawm 3,2; 4,2 thiab 5,2 m.
Qhov dav thiab tuab ntawm plaub-sided kab teeb yog li ntawm 110 mus rau 240 mm. Beams rau railway choj yog tsim nyob rau hauv thicknesses thiab dav 200 × 240, 220 × 260 thiab 220 × 280 mm. Qhov dav ntawm kev txiav sab ntawm ob sab kab teeb tsis yog tus qauv.
Qhov ntev ntawm cov kab teeb yog txiav txim siab rau cov ntoo nrog cov dej noo ntawm 15%. Thaum cov av noo siab dua, kab teeb ntawm txhua hom, tsuas yog larch, yuav tsum muaj ntau dhau vim ziab raws li tus qauv tam sim no. Rau cov kab teeb ua los ntawm cov ntoo larch, kev ntsuas ntau dhau vim qhov ziab nce piv rau cov qauv sau rau ntoo thuv, spruce, cedar thiab fir. Beams rau railway choj kuj tuaj yeem ua los ntawm ntoo qhib.
Raws li qhov zoo ntawm cov ntoo, cov kab teeb tau muab faib ua plaub chav kawm: I, II, III thiab IV. Cov chav kawm twg yuav raug siv rau qee qhov kev tsim kho engineering thiab cov ntsiab lus raug sau los ntawm cov qauv tsim nyog thiab cov txheej txheem kev tsim kho thiab cov ntsiab lus.
Class I beams yog siv rau kev tsheb ciav hlau txuas hniav thiab cov tshuab ua liaj ua teb. Beams ntawm chav kawm I thiab II yuav tsum tsis txhob muab xa ua ntej lawv muaj hnub nyoog hauv winches tsawg dua 30 hnub.
Sawn lumber ntawm hardwood hom
Hais txog qhov zoo, cov ntoo yuav tsum tau ua raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm tus qauv. Boards, slats thiab beams ua los ntawm hardwood hom yog siv tag nrho thiab nyob rau hauv luv luv pieces rau ntau yam nyob rau hauv ntau yam kev lag luam thiab kev tsim kho.
Sawn ntoo yog tsim los ntawm ntoo qhib, tshauv, beech, birch, chub, hornbeam, elm, alder, aspen, linden, poplar, thiab lwm yam. Nws muab faib ua boards, qhov twg qhov dav yog ntau tshaj ob npaug ntawm thickness, laths, qhov dav ntawm uas tsis ntau tshaj ob npaug ntawm thickness, thiab beams, qhov twg ob qho tag nrho cov thickness thiab cov thickness.100 mm. Los ntawm thickness, sawn ntoo muab faib ua nyias, mus txog35 mm, thiab nyob rau hauv tuab,35-40 mm.
Kev ua cov ntoo tawv tawv ntoo
Raws li qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev ua, sawn ntoo muab faib ua:
- trimmed, qhov twg tag nrho plaub sab yog ua tiav, thiab qhov luaj li cas ntawm untrimmed sab tsis loj tshaj qhov ntev tau tso cai;
- untrimmed, qhov twg wider sab yog trimmed, thiab qhov nqaim sawv daws yuav untrimmed, los yog qhov twg lub qhov ntev ntawm untrimmed nqaim thiab dav sab yog loj dua li tso cai.
Dimensions thiab av noo
Qhov luaj li cas ntawm cov ntoo sawn yog raws li nram no:
- ntev ntawm1rau6,5 m, nce los ntawm0,1 m;
- tuab7,10,13,16,19,22thiab25-50 mm, nce los ntawm5 mm, kuv50-130 mm, nce los ntawm10 mm;
- dav ntawm50 mmthiab ntau, nce los ntawm10 mm.
Qhov dav ntawm cov khoom siv tsis tiav yog qhov ib nrab ntawm qhov dav ntawm ob sab dav, ntsuas hauv nruab nrab ntawm qhov ntev ntawm cov khoom muab, uas yog qhov chaw mus txog.0,5 cmtsis suav, a0,5 cmthiab ntau dua raug suav ua1 cm.
Qhov ntev ntawm sawn ntoo nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm thickness thiab dav yog txiav txim rau cov av noo ntawm cov ntoo15%. Thaum cov av noo siab dua, cov ntoo sawn yuav tsum muaj ntau dhau vim ziab.
Cov dej noo ntawm cov ntoo sawn yuav tsum tsis txhob siab tshaj25%abs. Raws li flaws of wood, purity ntawm kev ua thiab degree ntawm qhov tseeb, sawn ntoo yog ua nyob rau hauv plaub chav kawm: I, II, III thiab IV.
Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb: tsim, ntoo noo noo, wood drying, woodworking machines and tools thiab kev tsim cov qhov rais thiab qhov rooj.