Nkewa nke sawn osisi
Sawn osisi pụtara mbadamba na slats nke coniferous ụdị ruo 100 mm, nke e mere maka ojiji n’ozuzu na maka nhazi n’ime akụkụ na okokụre ngwaahịa na-ewu.
A na-ekewa osisi ndị a na-ahịhịa n’osisi, nke obosara ya karịrị okpukpu abụọ, na laths, nke obosara ya na-erughị okpukpu abụọ. Ọkpụrụkpụ bọọdụ ndị dị gịrịgịrị na-arịgo 35 mm, na ndị gbara ọkpụrụkpụ karịrị 35 mm.
Dị ka ọdịdị nke nhazi ahụ si dị, a na-ekewa osisi sawn n’ime ihe ndị a na-edozi, ebe a na-edozi akụkụ abụọ ahụ dị warara n’ogologo ha dum ma ọ bụ nke ọ bụla n’ime ha ma ọ dịkarịa ala ọkara nke ogologo, na untrimmed, ebe ndị dị warara akụkụ na-adịghị edozi ma ọ bụ na-edozi ihe na-erughị ọkara n’ogologo. A ghaghị ịhazi akụkụ abụọ ahụ obosara nke osisi a kpara akpa na nke a na-emeghị ka ọ dị ogologo n’ogologo dum.
Dị ka àgwà nke osisi na nhazi ya si dị, a na-ekewa osisi sawn na klas ndị a: ** prima-extra, I, II, III, IV *** na ** V ***.
Klas nke osisi sawn dị ka ebumnuche si dị
| Maka owuwu | I,II, III, IV, V |
|---|---|
| Maka iwu ụgbọ mmiri | I, II, III |
| Maka ịrụ ụgbọ ala | I, II, III |
| Maka ịrụ akwa mmiri | I, II, III |
| Maka ụlọ ụgbọ ala | I, II, III |
| Maka ịrụ ụgbọ ala | II, III, IV |
| Maka ime ngwá ụlọ | I, II, III, IV |
| Maka ime akụkụ maka ụgbọ mmiri | I, II, III |
| Maka ịme ọkpọkọ osisi | I, II |
| Maka ime nkwakọ ngwaahịa osisi | II, III, IV, V |
Klas nke osisi sawn maka owuwu osisi ga-edekọrịrị ụkpụrụ ụkpụrụ.
Sawn osisi nke coniferous ụdị
A na-esi na pine, spruce, larch, cedar, na fir na-emepụta osisi ndị a na-akpụ akpụ. Ogologo osisi sawn sitere na1ka6,5 mna-abawanye site0,25 m, na maka iwu ụgbọ mmiri na akwa akwa ruo9,5 mna otu ogologo mmụba.
Akụkụ nke bọọdụ na ibé
| Ihe | Ọkpụrụkpụ | Obosara |
|---|---|---|
| Mpempe akwụkwọ | 13,16,19,22,25,30,35,40,45,50,55,60,65,70,75,85,90na100 mm | Site na50ka260 mm, na-abawanye site10 mm |
| akwa | 25,30,35,40,45,50,55,60,65,70,75,80,90na100 mm | Site na50ka200 mm, na-abawanye site10 mm |
A na-ekpebi obosara na ọkpụrụkpụ nke osisi sawn maka osisi nwere mmiri mmiri15%. Mgbe iru mmiri dị elu, osisi sawn nke ụdị osisi ọ bụla, ma e wezụga larch, ga-enwerịrị oke n’ihi ihicha dịka ọkọlọtọ dị ugbu a. Maka larch, oke ibu n’ihi ihicha na-abawanye site na30%site na nha site na ụkpụrụ ndị metụtara pine, spruce na cedar.
Akụkụ dị iche iche nke osisi sawn
| Atụ | Ntughari ekpebisiri ike |
|---|---|
| Ogologo | ±5 cm |
| Ọkpụrụkpụ ruo35 mm | ±1 mm |
| Ọkpụrụkpụ na obosara nke40ka100 mm | ±2″ |
| Obosara nke105ka210 mm | ±3″ |
| Obosara gafee210 mm | ±4″ |
A naghị ahazi ọdịnaya mmiri nke osisi sawn.
Osisi nke ụdị coniferous
Osisi coniferous, akụkụ anọ na akụkụ abụọ, nwere ọkpụrụkpụ nke110ka240 mm. Maka oghere dị n’akụkụ anọ, a ghaghị ịhazi akụkụ anọ niile, na maka okpukpu abụọ, naanị akụkụ abụọ.
A na-ekpebi ogologo nke osisi ahụ site na1ka6,5 m, na-abawanye site0,25 m, na maka iwu ụgbọ mmiri na akwa akwa ruo9,5 mna otu ogologo mmụba. Osisi ndị a na-eji maka àkwà mmiri ụgbọ oloko nwere ogologo3,2;4,2na5,2 m.
Obosara na ọkpụrụkpụ nke ogwe akụkụ anọ sitere na110ka240 mm. A na-eme oghere maka àkwà mmiri ụgbọ oloko na ọkpụrụkpụ na obosara dị iche iche200×240,220×260na220×280 mm. A naghị ahazi obosara nke akụkụ ndị a na-akpụ akpụ nke ogwe akụkụ abụọ.
A na-ekpebi akụkụ nke ogwe osisi maka osisi nwere iru mmiri15%. Mgbe iru mmiri dị elu, ọkụ nke ụdị ọ bụla, ma e wezụga larch, ga-enwerịrị oke n’ihi ihicha dịka ọkọlọtọ dị ugbu a. Maka ibé osisi larch, oke nha n’ihi ihicha na-abawanye ma e jiri ya tụnyere ụkpụrụ enyere maka pine, spruce, cedar na fir. Enwere ike iji osisi oak mee oghere maka àkwà mmiri ụgbọ oloko.
Dị ka àgwà nke osisi si dị, a na-ekewa osisi ndị ahụ na klas anọ: I, II, III na IV. Kedu klas a ga-eji mee ihe maka ụfọdụ ihe owuwu injinịa na ihe ndị e depụtara site na ụkpụrụ kwesịrị ekwesị na ọnọdụ teknụzụ maka ihe owuwu na ihe.
A na-eji ọkụ klaasị I maka àkwà mmiri ụgbọ oloko na igwe ọrụ ugbo. E kwesịghị ibunye beams nke klas I na II tupu ha emee agadi na winch dị obere30ụbọchị.
Osisi ndị nwere osisi siri ike
N’ihe banyere ịdị mma, osisi ahụ aghaghị izute ihe ndị a chọrọ nke ọkọlọtọ. A na-eji bọọdụ, slats na ibé nke ụdị osisi siri ike mee ma n’ozuzu ya na nke dị mkpụmkpụ maka ihe dị iche iche na mmepụta na mmepụta ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche.
A na-eji osisi oak, ash, beech, birch, chub, hornbeam, elm, alder, aspen, linden, poplar, wdg na-ekewa n’ime mbadamba nkume, ebe obosara karịrị okpukpu abụọ karịa okpukpu abụọ, laths, obosara nke na-erughị okpukpu abụọ, na ibé, ebe ma ọkpụrụkpụ na obosara dị ukwuu karịa okpukpu abụọ.100 mm. Site na ọkpụrụkpụ, a na-ekewa osisi sawn n’ime mkpa, ruo35 mm, na oke,35-40 mm.
Nhazi nke osisi siri ike sawn
Dị ka ọdịdị nke nhazi si dị, a na-ekewa osisi sawn n’ime:
- edoziri, ebe a na-edozi akụkụ anọ niile, na nha nke akụkụ ndị a na-emeghị ka ọ buru ibu karịa ihe ndị a kwadoro;
- a na-ewepụghị ya, ebe a na-edozi akụkụ ndị sara mbara, na ndị dị warara bụ ndị na-adịghị mma, ma ọ bụ ebe akụkụ nke ndị na-adịghị mma na-adịwanye warara ma buru ibu karịa ikike.
Akụkụ na iru mmiri
Akụkụ nke osisi sawn bụ ndị a:
- ogologo nke1ka6,5 m, na-abawanye site0,1 m;
- ọkpụrụkpụ7,10,13,16,19,22na25-50 mm, na-abawanye site5 mm, i50-130 mm, na-abawanye site10 mm;
- obosara nke50 mmna ndị ọzọ, na-abawanye site10 mm.
Obosara nke ihe a na-emechabeghị bụ ọkara nchikota nke obosara nke akụkụ abụọ buru ibu, nke a na-atụle n’etiti ogologo nke ihe a na-enye, nke sitere na akụkụ ahụ ruo0,5 cmagụọla, a0,5 cmna ndị ọzọ ka a na-agụ dị ka1 cm.
A na-ekpebi akụkụ nke osisi sawn na oke na obosara maka iru mmiri nke osisi15%. Mgbe iru mmiri dị elu, osisi sawn ga-enwe oke n’ihi ihicha.
Mmiri ọdịnaya nke sawn osisi ekwesịghị ịdị elu karịa25%abs. Dị ka adịghị mma nke osisi, ịdị ọcha nke nhazi na ogo nke izi ezi, a na-eme osisi sawn na klas anọ: I, II, III na IV.
Isiokwu ndị emetụtara: wulite, osisi mmiri, osisi ihicha, igwe na-arụ osisi na ngwaọrụ na mmepụta windo na ọnụ ụzọ osisi.