Ka ’Ōlelo Aʻo Nui: He kikokikona waihona mōʻaukala kēia, ʻaʻole ka maʻamau o kēia manawa, nā kikoʻī mīkini a i ʻole ka manual hana. Pono e nānā ʻia nā ʻōkuhi, nā pali, nā ana, ka haʻahaʻa a me nā overhang e like me nā kūlana kūpono, nā palapala a ka mea hana mīkini a me nā kaʻina hana kikoʻī.

ʻAʻole kēia ʻāpana o ka hāʻawi ʻana o Savo Kusić i kēia manawa, e pili ana i nā puka makani, nā puka a me nā hoʻonā e pili ana.

ʻO ka neʻe ʻana o ka lāʻau a me ke kili ʻana o ka ʻili

Hiki ke hoʻomau a i ʻole nā ​​​​mechanisms no ka neʻe ʻana i nā lāʻau. Me ka neʻe mau ʻana, e neʻe mau ana ka lāʻau i ka wā o ka hana ʻana a me ka hana ʻole o ka pahu puka. Me ka neʻe manawaleʻa, neʻe ka lāʻau no hoʻokahi hapa wale nō o kēlā me kēia kaʻa ʻana o ka lāʻau - i waena o ka manawa. Hiki ke hana i ka neʻe ʻana i ka wā hana a i ʻole ka holo ʻana o ka puka.

Hoʻohana ʻia ka neʻe mau ʻana i nā kiaʻi puka papa pālua me ka helu kiʻekiʻe o nā kipi; neʻe manawaleʻa - i nā kaʻa hele mālie me ka helu haʻahaʻa o nā kipi.

No ka ʻoki ʻana i nā lāʻau ma ka ʻauwai, pono e loaʻa i nā saws i loko o ka auwai kekahi pali. Hoʻoholo ʻia ka nui o ka slope linear e ke ʻano neʻe mau: 

y: Δ /2+ (1/2) mm;  no ka neʻe ʻana i ka wā o ka hana ʻana y=2i5 mm; no ka neʻe manawaleʻa i ka wā hoʻomāmā y = Δ + (1/2) mm.

Eia, y ka nagi o ka ike ma ke kiaha, mm; Δ - ka neʻe ʻana o kahi lāʻau a i ʻole ka lāʻau i ka wā o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka roller gate, mm.

Inclinometer mōʻaukala no ke ana ʻana i ke ʻano o ka ʻili, ka hōʻailona waihona20190926 160715

Kiʻi1: Inclinometer no ke ana i ka nui o ka inclination o ka saw

ʻIke ʻia ke kau ʻana o ka saw me kahi anana overhang. ʻO ke anana overhang he ʻelua mau ʻāpana kila i hoʻopili ʻia i ka hui ma luna, a ma ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa me kahi kaula transverse me kahi hōʻike no ka hele ʻana o ka wili hoʻoluhi me kahi nut butterfly. Hoʻopaʻa ʻia kahi pae ʻuhane ma hoʻokahi kaula kila. Heluhelu ʻia ka pali ma ka mm ma ka lōʻihi o ka paʻi kiʻi ma ka unahi, aia ma lalo o ka mea kōkua (fig.1).

No kaʻokiʻana i nā papa a iʻole nā ​​kaola o ka mānoanoa i makemakeʻia ma waena o nā saws i loko o ke kiʻikuhi, ua hoʻokomoʻia nā mea hoʻokomo (nā mea hoʻokaʻawale),ʻo ka laulā e pili pono i ka mānoanoa o ka lāʻau eʻokiʻia.

Spanung a me nā mea hoʻokaʻawale

ʻO Spanung kahi pūʻulu o nā saws i loko o kahi kiʻi me nā mamao i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma waena o lākou, ma ke kumu e loaʻa ai ka lāʻau sawn o nā ana i makemake ʻia. Hoʻoholo ʻia ka mānoanoa o ka mea hoʻokomo e ke kumu S = a + b +2c mm. Ma kahi o S ka mānoanoa o ka mea hoʻokomo; a - ka mānoanoa papa inoa; b - keu no ka maloʻo ʻana; c - ka nui o ka laha o na niho ma kekahi aoao. 

Hoʻokomo (fig.2) ua hana ʻia me ka lāʻau maloʻo (me ka max15%humidity) birch, chub, beech, lehu.

Hōʻike mōʻaukala o nā mea hoʻokomo a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea hoʻokaʻawale, archive tag Screenshot20190926 161427

Kiʻi2: Hoʻokomo (mea hoʻokaʻawale)

Hoʻohui ʻia ka ʻae ʻana no ka hoʻomaloʻo ʻana i nā ana o ka laula a me ka lōʻihi o ka lāʻau sawn - pine, spruce, fir, cedar a me larch, i loaʻa i ka wā o ka ʻoki ʻana (me ka hoʻonohonoho tangential-radial o nā apo makahiki) o nā lāʻau pulu a i ka wā e ʻoki ai i ka lāʻau sawn pulu e hōʻoia i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka nui o ka lāʻau i kahi maloʻo maloʻo.

ʻOi aku no ka hoʻomaloʻo ʻana i nā conifers

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka lāʻau sawn o nā conifers i helu ʻia i ʻelua mau pūʻulu e like me ka nui o ka hoʻomaloʻo ʻana: ʻo ka mua ka pine, spruce, kedera a me ka fir, ʻo ka lua ka larch.

ʻO nā ana nui no ka mānoanoa a me ka laulā o ka lāʻau ʻili ʻia me ka wai mua ma luna30%a me ka haʻahaʻa loa15%haawiia ma ka papaaina1. 

Papakaukau1: Nā ana no ka hoʻomaloʻo ʻana i ka lāʻau coniferous sawn, mm
ʻO nā ana o ka lāʻau ʻili ma ka mānoanoa a me ka laula ma hope o ka maloʻo ʻana, mm (me ka haʻahaʻa15%) Ka hoonui
Pine, spruce, fir, kedera (I hui) Larch (hui II)
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Ke ʻoki ʻana i nā lāʻau a i ʻole nā ​​kaola me ka wai ma lalo30%, Hoʻoholo ʻia ka nui o ka mea keu ma ke ʻano he ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka nui o ka nui no ka haʻahaʻa hope i makemake ʻia a me ka nui o ka makū o ka lāʻau. ʻO ka lāʻau sawn o nā ʻano lāʻau paʻakikī, ʻo ia hoʻi ka beech, hornbeam, birch, ʻoka, elm, maple, lehu, aspen, a me ka poplar, ua māhele ʻia e like me ka nui o ka maloʻo ʻana i ʻelua pūʻulu no ke kuhikuhi tangential a i ʻelua pūʻulu no ke kuhikuhi radial.

Ka nui no ka hoʻomaloʻo ʻana i nā lāʻau paʻakikī

ʻO ka hui mua he birch, ʻoka, maple, lehu, alder, aspen a me ka poplar, a ʻo ka lua - beech, hornbeam, elm a me linden.

No ka lāʻau ʻoki hapa-radial (me ke kuhikuhi ʻana i ka palaoa tangential-radial), pono e hāʻawi ʻia nā ʻae i hoʻoholo ʻia no ka lāʻau me ke kuhikuhi ʻana i ka palaoa. ʻAe ʻia ka mānoanoa a me ka laula no nā lāʻau ʻili ma ka ʻaoʻao tangential a me ka radial me kahi maʻamau mua o35%abs. a ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa loa10a15%abs., a ma muli o ka hui, ua hoʻoholo ʻia e like me ka papaʻaina2.

Papakaukau2: Nā ana no ka lāʻau ʻokiʻoki o nā ʻano lāʻau paʻakikī, mm

Pākaukau mōʻaukala o nā ana keu no nā lāʻau ʻili o nā ʻano lāʻau paʻa