** ịdọ aka ná ntị dị mkpa:** Nke a bụ ederede ndekọ akụkọ ihe mere eme, ọ bụghị ọkọlọtọ ugbu a, nkọwa igwe ma ọ bụ akwụkwọ ntuziaka na-arụ ọrụ. A ga-enyocharịrị usoro, mkpọda, akụkụ, iru mmiri na ihe nkpuchi dị ka ụkpụrụ ziri ezi siri dị, akwụkwọ ndị nrụpụta igwe na usoro nrụpụta akọwapụtara.

Ederede a abụghị akụkụ nke onyinye ugbu a nke Savo Kusić, nke na-elekwasị anya na windo, ọnụ ụzọ na ngwọta ndị metụtara ya.

mmegharị nke log na tilt nke saw

Usoro maka ịkwagharị ndekọ nwere ike ịdị na-aga n’ihu ma ọ bụ na-adịte aka. Na-aga n’ihu na-aga n’ihu, log ahụ na-aga n’ihu na-aga n’ihu na ọbụna mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ ma na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma nke etiti gater. Na mmegharị oge na-adịghị anya, log ahụ na-agagharị naanị maka otu akụkụ nke ntụgharị ọ bụla nke ogwe osisi - na-aga n’ihu. Enwere ike ịme mmegharị oge na-adịghị anya mgbe a na-arụ ọrụ ma ọ bụ na-agba ọsọ nke gater.

A na-eji mmegharị na-aga n’ihu na ndị nche ọnụ ụzọ abụọ na-agba ọsọ ọsọ na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke mgbanwe; mmegharị nke oge - na ndị gaiters na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-enwe ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ala nke mgbanwe.

Iji bee osisi na gutter, ọ dị mkpa na saws na gutter nwere ụfọdụ mkpọda. A na-ekpebi ịdị ukwuu nke mkpọda ahịrị site na ụkpụrụ ngagharị na-aga n’ihu: 

y: Δ /2+ (1/2) mm;  maka mmegharị oge n’oge ọrịa strok na-arụ ọrụ y=2ka5 mm; maka mmegharị oge na-aga n’ihu n’oge idling y = Δ + (1/2) mm.

N’ebe a, y bụ nagi nke nchara na etiti, mm; Δ - mmegharị nke log ma ọ bụ doo n’oge otu ntụgharị nke gater roller, mm.

Mkpado akụkọ ihe mere eme maka ịlele ọchịchọ nke nkwọ, mkpado Archive20190926 160715

Foto1: Inclinometer maka ịlele ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ọchịchọ nke nkwọ

A na-eji ihe nlegharị anya na-enyocha nfefe (ọchịchọ) nke nkwọ ahụ. The overhang nlele mejupụtara abụọ ígwè ibe na-jikọrọ na nkwonkwo na n’elu, na na ala njedebe na a transverse warara na okwu maka Itie nke tensioning ịghasa na a nru ububa nut. A na-edozi ọkwa mmụọ n’otu eriri ígwè. A na-agụ mkpọda ahụ na mm n’ogologo strok etiti n’ogo, nke dị na ala nke ngwa (fig.1).

Iji gbutu mbadamba ma ọ bụ ogwe nke ọkpụrụkpụ a chọrọ n’etiti saws na etiti ahụ, a na-etinye ihe ntinye (ndị na-ekesa), nke obosara ya dabara kpọmkwem na ọkpụkpụ nke osisi ahụ a ga-egbutu.

Na-agba ọsọ na nkewa

Spanung bụ nhazi nke nkwọ na etiti nwere oghere dị n’etiti ha, na ndabere nke a na-enweta osisi sawn nke akụkụ achọrọ. A na-ekpebi ọkpụrụkpụ nke ntinye site na usoro S = a + b +2c mm. Ebe S bụ ọkpụrụkpụ nke ntinye; a - ọkpụrụkpụ osisi ọnụ; b - ngafe maka ihicha; c - nha mgbasa nke ezé n’otu akụkụ. 

Ntinye (fig.2) bụ osisi kpọrọ nkụ (ya na max15%iru mmiri) birch, chub, beech, ash.

Ngosipụta ihe ntinye ma ọ bụ nkesa akụkọ ihe mere eme, nseta ihuenyo mkpado20190926 161427

Foto2: Ntinye (nkewa)

Akwụ ụgwọ maka ihicha na-agbakwunyere akụkụ nke obosara na ogologo nke osisi sawn - pine, spruce, fir, cedar and larch, nke a na-enweta n’oge ịchacha (ya na ndokwa tangential-radial nke mgbanaka kwa afọ) nke osisi mmiri mmiri ma ọ bụ mgbe ị na-egbutu osisi ịkwọ ụgbọ mmiri iji hụ na ịnweta akụkụ achọrọ nke osisi na ala akọrọ.

Ngafe maka ihicha conifers

A na-ekewa osisi sawn nke conifers ndị a kpọtụrụ aha n’ime ìgwè abụọ dị ka nha nke ihicha ihicha: nke mbụ gụnyere pine, spruce, cedar na fir, nke abụọ gụnyere larch.

Ntụle maka oke na obosara nke osisi sawn nwere mmiri mbụ gafere30%na oke iru mmiri15%e nyere na tebụl1. 

Tebụl1: Ntụle maka ihicha osisi coniferous sawn, mm
Akụkụ nke osisi sawn site na ọkpụrụkpụ na obosara mgbe ihichachara, mm (na iru mmiri15%) ikwubiga okwu ókè
Pine, spruce, fir, cedar (I otu) Larch (II otu)
6-8
10-13
16
19
22
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
240
260
280
300		 0,5
0,6
0,8
1,0
1,0
1,0
1,5
1,5
1,5
2,0
2,0
2,0
2,5
2,5
2,5
3,0
3,0
3,0
3,5
3,5
4,0
4,0
5,0
5,0
5,0
5,0
6,0
6,0
6,0
7,0
7,0
7,0
8,0
8,0
9,0
9,0		 0,7
0,8
1,0
1,5
1,5
1,5
2,0
2,0
2,0
2,5
2,5
2,5
3,5
3,5
3,5
4,0
4,0
4,0
4,5
4,5
5,0
5,0
6,0
6,0
6,0
6,0
8,0
8,0
8,0
9,0
9,0
9,0
10,0
10,0
12,0
12,0

Mgbe ị na-egbutu osisi ma ọ bụ osisi na mmiri dị n’okpuru30%, A na-ekpebi oke nke ngafe ahụ dị ka ọdịiche dị n’etiti nha nke oke maka iru mmiri ikpeazụ achọrọ na oke maka mmiri dị n’osisi dị ugbu a. A na-ekewa osisi ndị nwere osisi siri ike, nke gụnyere beech, hornbeam, birch, oak, elm, maple, ash, aspen, na poplar, dịka ọnụọgụ nke ihicha si dị n’ime ìgwè abụọ maka ntụziaka tangential na n’ime ìgwè abụọ maka ntụziaka radial.

Ngafe maka ihicha osisi siri ike

Otu nke mbụ gụnyere birch, oak, maple, ash, alder, aspen na poplar, na nke abụọ - beech, hornbeam, elm na linden.

Maka osisi sawn ọkara-radial (ya na ntụ ọka ọka tangential-radial), a ga-enye ohere nke ekpebisiri ike maka osisi nwere ntụzịaka ọka tangential. Ọkpụrụkpụ na obosara ohere maka sawn osisi na tangential na radial direction nwere mbụ mmiri ọdịnaya nke35%abs. na ọbụna oke iru mmiri10na15%abs., na dabere na otu, ha na-ekpebi dị ka tebụl2.

Tebụl2: Ntụ maka osisi sawn nke ụdị osisi siri ike, mm

Okpokoro akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ngafe nha maka osisi sawn nke ụdị osisi siri ike