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Chenjezo Lofunika: Awa ndi mawu osungira zakale, osati mulingo waposachedwa, mawonekedwe a makina kapena buku lothandizira. Mafomula, malo otsetsereka, miyeso, chinyezi ndi ma overhangs ayenera kufufuzidwa molingana ndi miyezo yovomerezeka, zolemba za opanga makina ndi njira yake yopangira.

Mawu awa si gawo la zomwe Savo Kusić akutsatsa pano, zomwe zimayang’ana kwambiri mazenera, zitseko ndi njira zina.

Kusuntha kwa chipika ndikupendekera kwa macheka

Njira zosunthira zipika zimatha kukhala mosalekeza kapena pang’onopang’ono. Ndi kusuntha kosalekeza, chipikacho chimayenda mosalekeza komanso mofanana panthawi yogwira ntchito komanso yopanda pake ya chipata cha chipata. Ndi kusuntha kwapakatikati, chipikacho chimangosuntha gawo limodzi la kuzungulira kulikonse kwa shaft - pafupipafupi. Kusuntha kwapang’onopang’ono kumatha kuchitika panthawi yogwira ntchito kapena osagwira ntchito pachipata.

Kusuntha kosalekeza kumagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang’anira zipata zapamtunda ziwiri zoyenda mofulumira ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha kusintha; kusuntha kwapang’onopang’ono - mumayendedwe oyenda pang’onopang’ono okhala ndi zozungulira zochepa.

Podula zipika pa ngalande, m’pofunika kuti macheka a m’ngalande azikhala ndi malo otsetsereka. Kukula kwa malo otsetsereka kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kachitidwe kopitilira:

y: Δ / 2 + (1/2) mm;  pakuyenda kwapakatikati panthawi yogwira ntchito y= 2 ​​mpaka 5 mm; pa kusuntha kwapang’onopang’ono panthawi idling y = Δ + (1/2) mm.

Nayi y macheka amaliseche pa chimango, mm; Δ - kusuntha kwa chipika kapena mtengo panthawi imodzi ya chiguduli, mm.

Chithunzi 1: Inclinometer yoyeza kuchuluka kwa macheka

Kutalika (kupendekera) kwa macheka kumafufuzidwa ndi overhang gauge. The overhang gauge imakhala ndi zingwe ziwiri zachitsulo zomwe zimalumikizidwa ndi olowa pamwamba, ndipo kumapeto kwake kumakhala ndi mzere wopingasa wokhala ndi mawu oti adutse zomangira zolimba ndi mtedza wagulugufe. Mulingo wa mzimu umakhazikika pa chingwe chimodzi chachitsulo. Otsetsereka amawerengedwa mm kutalika kwa chimango sitiroko pa sikelo, yomwe ili pansi pa chowonjezera (mkuyu.1).

Pofuna kudula matabwa kapena matabwa a makulidwe ofunikira pakati pa macheka mu chimango, zoyikapo (zogawanitsa) zimalowetsedwa, m’lifupi mwake zomwe zimagwirizana ndendende ndi makulidwe a mtengowo kuti adulidwe.

Zosintha ndi zogawa

Spanung ndi seti ya macheka mu chimango chokhala ndi mtunda wokhazikika pakati pawo, pamaziko omwe matabwa ocheka amiyeso yofunikira amapezedwa. Kuchuluka kwa choyikapo kumatsimikiziridwa ndi chilinganizo S = a + b +2c mm. Kumene S ndi makulidwe a choyikapo; a - mwadzina bolodi makulidwe; b - owonjezera kuyanika; c - kukula kwa kufalikira kwa mano kumbali imodzi. 

Zowonjezera (mkuyu.2) amapangidwa ndi matabwa owuma (ndi max15%humidity) birch, chub, beech, phulusa.

Chithunzi2: Zowonjezera (zogawa)

Chilolezo cha kuyanika chimawonjezedwa ku miyeso ya m’lifupi ndi kutalika kwa matabwa ocheka - paini, spruce, fir, mkungudza ndi larch, yomwe imapezeka panthawi yosakanikirana (ndi tangential-radial makonzedwe a mphete zapachaka) ya zipika zonyowa kapena podula matabwa onyowa kuti atsimikizire kupeza miyeso yofunikira ya matabwa mu nthaka youma.

Zowonjezera zowumitsa ma conifers

Mitengo yocheka ya ma conifers otchulidwa imagawidwa m’magulu awiri malinga ndi kukula kwa kuyanika kowonjezera: choyamba chimaphatikizapo paini, spruce, mkungudza ndi fir, chachiwiri chimaphatikizapo larch.

Miyezo ya makulidwe ndi m’lifupi mwa matabwa ochekedwa ndi chinyezi choyambirira30%ndi chinyezi chambiri15%amaperekedwa mu tebulo1. 

Podula zipika kapena matabwa okhala ndi chinyezi pansi pa 30%, kukula kwake kumawerengedwa ngati kusiyana pakati pa kukula kwa chinyontho chomaliza chomwe chapemphedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa chinyezi chomwe chilipo cha nkhuni. Mitengo yocheka yamitundu yolimba, yomwe imaphatikizapo beech, hornbeam, birch, oak, elm, mapulo, phulusa, aspen, poplar, amagawidwa molingana ndi kuchuluka kwa kuyanika m’magulu awiri a tangential direction ndi magulu awiri a radial direction.

Miyezo yowumitsa matabwa olimba

Gulu loyamba limaphatikizapo birch, oak, mapulo, phulusa, alder, aspen ndi poplar, ndipo lachiwiri - beech, hornbeam, elm ndi linden.

Pamitengo yochekedwa ndi theka (yokhala ndi mbali ya njere ya tangential-radial), miyezo yotsimikizika yamitengo yokhala ndi njere yolimba iyenera kuperekedwa. Miyezo ya makulidwe ndi m’lifupi mwa matabwa ochekedwa m’mbali mwa tangential ndi radial ndi chinyezi choyambirira cha 35% abs. ndi chinyezi chambiri komanso chomaliza 10 ndi 15% abs., ndipo kutengera gulu, zimatsimikiziridwa molingana ndi tebulo 2.

Table 2: Miyezo yamitengo yochekedwa yamitundu yamitengo yolimba, mm