Isexwayiso Esibalulekile: Lona umbhalo wengobo yomlando womlando, hhayi indinganiso yamanje, imininingwane yomshini noma imanuwali yokusebenza. Amafomula, amathambeka, ubukhulu, umswakamo kanye nama-overhangs kufanele kuhlolwe ngokuya ngamazinga avumelekile, imibhalo yomkhiqizi womshini kanye nenqubo ethile yokukhiqiza.

Lo mbhalo awuyona ingxenye yomnikelo wamanje we-Savo Kusić, ogxile kumawindi, iminyango nezisombululo ezihlobene.

Ukunyakaza kwelogi nokutshekiswa kwesaha

Izindlela zokuhambisa izingodo zingaqhubeka noma zibe nezikhawu. Ngokunyakaza okuqhubekayo, ilogi ihamba ngokuqhubekayo nangokulinganayo ngesikhathi sokushaywa okusebenzayo nokungenzi lutho kwefreyimu yesango. Ngokuhamba ngezikhathi ezithile, ilogi ihamba kuphela engxenyeni eyodwa yokujikeleza ngakunye kwe-shaft - ngezikhathi ezithile. Ukunyakaza kwezikhawu kungenziwa ngesikhathi sokusebenza noma sokungenzi lutho kwesango.

Ukunyakaza okuqhubekayo kusetshenziswa abalindi bamasango anedekha ephindwe kabili abahamba ngokushesha abanenani elikhulu lama-revolution; ukunyakaza okuphakathi - kuma-gaiters ahamba kancane anenani eliphansi lama-revolution.

Ngokusika izingodo ku-gutter, kubalulekile ukuthi amasaha kugutha abe nomthambeka othile. Ubukhulu bomthambeka womugqa bunqunywa iphethini yokunyakaza eqhubekayo:

y: Δ / 2 + (1/2) mm;  ukunyakaza kwezikhawu ngesikhathi sokushaywa unhlangothi y= 2 ​​​​kuya 5 mm; ngokunyakaza kwezikhawu ngesikhathi sokungenzi lutho y = Δ + (1/2) mm.

Nali isaha elinqunu ohlakeni, mm; Δ - ukunyakaza kwelogi noma ugongolo ngesikhathi sokujika okukodwa kwerola yesango, mm.

I-inclinometer yomlando yokulinganisa ukuthambekela kwesaha, umaka wengobo yomlando 20190926 160715

Isithombe 1: I-inclinometer yokulinganisa inani lokuthambekela kwesaha

I-overhang (ukuthambekela) kwesaha kuhlolwa nge-overhang gauge. Igeji ye-overhang gauge iqukethe imicu yensimbi emibili exhunywe kwilunga phezulu, futhi ekugcineni okuphansi kunomucu ophambanayo onomusho wokudlula isikulufu esiqinisayo ngenothi levemvane. Izinga lomoya ligxilile emgqeni wensimbi owodwa. Umthamo ufundwa ngo-mm ngobude be-stroke yefreyimu esikalini, esitholakala ngaphansi kwesesekeli (isib.1).

Ukuze usike amabhodi noma imishayo yobukhulu obudingekayo phakathi kwama-saws kuhlaka, ukufakwa (abahlukanisi) kufakwa, ububanzi obuhambisana ncamashi nobukhulu bogodo okufanele bunqunywe.

I-Snung and dividers

I-Spanung iyisethi yamasaha ohlakeni olunamabanga amisiwe phakathi kwawo, ngesisekelo lapho kutholakala khona izingodo ezisaha zobukhulu obudingekayo. Ubukhulu bokufaka bunqunywa ifomula S = a + b +2c mm. Lapho u-S engubukhulu bokufaka; a - ukujiya kwebhodi okuzisholo; b - ngokweqile okomisa; c - ubukhulu bokusabalala kwamazinyo ohlangothini olulodwa. 

Ifaka (isib.2) zenziwa ngokhuni olomile (nge-max15%humidity) i-birch, chub, beech, umlotha.

Ukuboniswa komlando kokufakwayo noma abahlukanisi, umaka wengobo yomlando Isithombe-skrini20190926 161427

Isithombe2: Ifaka (abahlukanisi)

Imvume yokomisa yengezwa ebukhulu bobubanzi nobude bezingodo ezisagwewe - uphayini, i-spruce, fir, umsedari kanye ne-larch, etholakala ngesikhathi sokusika okuxubile (ngokuhlelwa kwe-tangential-radial yamasongo wonyaka) wezingodo ezimanzi noma lapho usika izingodo ezisaha ezimanzi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthola ubukhulu obudingekayo bezinkuni esimweni esomile.

Ukweqisa okomisa amaconifers

Izingodo ezisahliweyo ze-conifers ezibaliwe zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili ngokuya ngosayizi wokomisa ngokweqile: eyokuqala ihlanganisa uphayini, isihlahla sonwele saseYurophu emi, umsedari kanye nefir, eyesibili ihlanganisa i-larch.

Izilinganiso ezingaphezulu zokujiya nobubanzi bokhuni olusahwe olunomswakama wokuqala ngaphezulu30%kanye nomswakama owedlulele15%zinikezwa etafuleni1. 

Ithebula 1: Izilinganiso ezingaphezulu zokomisa izinkuni ezisahayo, mm
Ubukhulu bezinkuni ezisahwe ngokuqina nobubanzi ngemva kokoma, mm (nomswakama 15%) Kudlule
Iphayini, isihlahla sonwele saseYurophu emi, umsedari (Iqembu) Larch (II iqembu)
6-8
10-13
16
19
22
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
240
260
280
300		 0,5
0,6
0,8
1,0
1,0
1,0
1,5
1,5
1,5
2,0
2,0
2,0
2,5
2,5
2,5
3,0
3,0
3,0
3,5
3,5
4,0
4,0
5,0
5,0
5,0
5,0
6,0
6,0
6,0
7,0
7,0
7,0
8,0
8,0
9,0
9,0		 0,7
0,8
1,0
1,5
1,5
1,5
2,0
2,0
2,0
2,5
2,5
2,5
3,5
3,5
3,5
4,0
4,0
4,0
4,5
4,5
5,0
5,0
6,0
6,0
6,0
6,0
8,0
8,0
8,0
9,0
9,0
9,0
10,0
10,0
12,0
12,0

Uma usika izingodo noma imishayo enomswakama ongezansi 30%, usayizi wokweqile ubalwa njengomehluko phakathi kobukhulu bobuningi bomswakama wokugcina oceliwe kanye nokweqile komswakamo okhona wokhuni. Ukhuni olusanwe lwezinhlobo zokhuni oluqinile, oluhlanganisa i-beech, i-hornbeam, i-birch, i-oki, i-elm, i-maple, umlotha, i-aspen, i-poplar, ihlukaniswe ngokwenani lokumiswa ngamaqembu amabili ukuze iqonde i-tangential kanye namaqembu amabili isiqondiso se-radial.

Izilinganiso ezingaphezulu zokomisa izinkuni eziqinile

Iqembu lokuqala lihlanganisa i-birch, i-oki, i-maple, umlotha, i-alder, i-aspen ne-poplar, kanti elesibili - i-beech, i-hornbeam, i-elm ne-linden.

Omapulangwe anombala owuhhafu wesaha (olunenkomba yezinhlamvu ze-tangential-radial), izilinganiso ezinqunyelwe ukhuni olunokuqondiswa okusanhlamvu okune-tangential kufanele zinikezwe. Izilinganiso ezingaphezu kogqinsi nobubanzi bezingodo ezisahwe endaweni ye-tangential ne-radial enomswakama wasekuqaleni ongu-35% abs. kanye nomswakama owengeziwe nowokugcina 10 kanye 15% abs., futhi kuye ngeqembu, kunqunywa ngokwethebula 2.

Ithebula 2: Izilinganiso ezingaphezu kwezingodo ezisaha zezinhlobo zokhuni oluqinile, mm

Ithebula lomlando lezilinganiso ezeqile zokhuni olusahwe lwezinhlobo zokhuni oluqinile