Ka waihona waihona pono: mālama ka ʻatikala i kahi hiʻohiʻona mōʻaukala o ke kiʻi pena, pena a me nā mea hana upholstery. ʻAʻole ia he alakaʻi hou loa no ke koho ʻana i kahi uhi, hana me nā kemika, ka hoʻoulu ʻana, ka hana ma ke kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole ka wehe ʻana i ka pena kahiko. Ma mua o ka hana, pono ʻoe e ʻike i ka substrate a me ka uhi ʻana, heluhelu i ka pepa ʻikepili a me ka palekana, e nānā i ka ea a me ka pale pilikino pono. Hiki ke loaʻa nā mea pōʻino i loko o nā pale kahiko, ka mortar a me ka insulation; ʻAʻole ʻili ʻia ka ʻili i ʻike ʻole ʻia, ʻoki ʻia, wela a i ʻole ʻia me ka ʻole o ka loiloi loea.
I kēia lā, nānā ʻo Savo Kusić i nā puka makani lāʻau, mau pukaaniani laau-aluminika, pukapuka maʻamau, puka a me noi no ka haʻi ʻōlelo. Ke waiho nei kēia ʻatikala ma ke ʻano he waihona mōʻaukala a ʻaʻole ia e hōʻike i kahi hāʻawi o ka pena pena, pena a i ʻole ka hana upholstery.
ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa loa nā mea hana pena a pena. Inā hoʻomaʻemaʻe maikaʻi ʻia lākou ma ke ʻano kūpono i ka uhi kikoʻī, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka mea hana like no nā kumu like ʻole.
Palaki pena
Hoʻopili pinepine ʻia nā bristles a i ʻole nā bristles o ka pulupulu i ka lima me kahi mea hao. Hōʻike ka kikokikona kumu i nā pulupulu lauoho puaʻa e like me ke ʻano maikaʻi loa, ʻoi aku ka māmā no ka ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī a me ka ʻeleʻele no nā pulupulu palupalu, ʻoiai ʻo nā fiber artificial i wehewehe ʻia he ʻoi aku ke kūpaʻa, akā me ka hopena nāwaliwali. He loiloi mōʻaukala; Pono ke koho o ka fiber i kēia lā i ke ʻano o ka uhi a me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo a kāna mea hana.
Hiki i nā pulupulu ke ʻāpana ʻehā, puni, oval a pālahalaha paha. Koho ʻia kahi pulupulu rectangular nui e like me ka hana: ʻo ka mea liʻiliʻi no ka ʻaila a i ʻole ka pena synthetic, kahi mea waena no ka uhi ʻana i ka wai, a me kahi mea nui no ka lime a me ka tempera. Ma ka kikokikona, ua ʻōlelo ʻia he ana waena14×4kenimika, kūpono no ka papa mua a me ke komo ʻana o ka uhi i loko o nā pores a me ka ʻole.
Hana ʻia nā pulupulu pōʻai ma nā ʻano nui a hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā ʻaʻahu ma ka ʻili i hoʻomākaukau ʻia. ʻO ka kikokikona mōʻaukala e pili ana i nā pulupulu ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī i ka pena synthetic a me ka momona, a me nā mea palupalu i nā enamels a me nā lacquers nitrocellulose. No nā wahi nui, nā mea pono mai30×45i45×60 mmika.
Hoʻohana ʻia nā pulupulu pālahalaha no nā ʻili palahalaha. ʻO nā laula i ʻōlelo pinepine ʻia mai4i8kenimika, me na kaula paakiki a palupalu. ʻO kā lākou pōmaikaʻi i ka kikokikona ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka uhi.
ʻO ka pulupulu no nā radiators he pālahalaha, me kahi lima lōʻihi o40i50kenimika a me ke kulou pono ana ma ke kihi kupono. Hoʻolālā ʻia no nā ʻāpana paʻakikī o nā radiators a me nā mea like. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia hoʻi kahi pulupulu me ka lima i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a hoʻonohonoho ʻia e like me ka wili.
Hoʻohana ʻia nā pulupulu kūikawā no ke kiʻi kiʻi ʻana, nā mamana, nā pena pena a me nā hana kikoʻī ʻē aʻe. Aia ʻo Scheiben-brush i loko o ka moʻolelo mōʻaukala he pulupulu lāʻau i hana ʻia me ka lauoho; ma muli o ka nui a me ka nui, ʻike pinepine ʻia ka helu palaki 5. Hōʻike ʻia kahi palaki i hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea hana no ka holoi ʻana i ka pena a me nā kīʻaha, aʻo kahi mea hou e hoʻohana mua ʻia no ke kopa e ʻaʻahu liʻiliʻi i nā wēlau o nā fiber. ʻŌlelo pū ʻia nā ʻāpana me ka ʻaila linseed.
Ma ke ʻano o ka pulupulu poepoe, hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia kekahi hapa o ka lauoho me ke kaula, a hiki ke waiho ʻia ka ʻāpana manuahi me ka lōʻihi o 4–5 cm. Ua wehewehe ʻia kēlā ʻano pulupulu no nā kihi o nā puka, nā puka makani, nā kihi a me nā kihi (kiʻi 1, ʻāpana 1).
ʻO kahi pulupulu liʻiliʻi, “lioner”, hiki ke palahalaha a poepoe paha. No ka hana i kekahi manawa, kuhikuhi ke kumu i kahi pulupulu palahalaha me ka laula o 2–10 cm (kii 1, hapa 3).
Picture 1 — nā laʻana o nā pulumu a pehea e hoʻohana ai.
No ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā uhi ʻaila, ua ʻōlelo ʻia nā mea hoʻolaha me nā lauoho ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, kūpono no ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i nā ʻili paʻakikī a me ka ʻole a me ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā lacquers (kiʻi 1, ʻāpana 2).
**Fibers, solvents a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe: ** koho ʻia ka pulupulu e like me ka uhi kikoʻī. ʻO ka Nitrocellulose, ka aila a me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe ʻē aʻe hiki ke puhi ʻia a pōʻino i ka inhalation. ʻAʻole holoi ʻia nā pulupulu i loko o nā pahu meaʻai, a hoʻolei ʻia ka ʻōpala, ka wai holoi a me nā lole e like me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo a me nā lula kūloko.
Nā pulupulu hana kahiko
Ke wehewehe nei ka kikokikona i ka hana ʻana i ka pulupulu mai ka ʻōniʻoniʻo mānoanoa, ke kāpili, nā ʻoki, kahi pahi a me kahi lima kahiko. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka ʻōhuʻu i loko o kahi paʻa metala i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia a ʻōwili ʻia ka lima me ka pepa ikaika a i ʻole ka lipine, a laila hoʻopili ʻia a pōkole.
Ua ʻōlelo pū ʻia nā mea hana sponge i loko o ka kikokikona no nā kiko hoʻonaninani, nā laina hoʻopau a me ke kauo ʻana ma ka lula. Hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka lipine sponge i kahi ʻōpala lahilahi.
Ke ʻoki ʻana a me ke kāpili ʻana: Pono ka pahi pahi, ka pahi a me ka ʻoki i kahi ʻili paʻa, e ʻoki ana mai ke kino a me ka pale lima. Pono ke kāpili a me ka sponge me ka pena a me ka solvent; ʻAʻole hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hana improvised e hoʻoheheʻe, hoʻokaʻawale a waiho paha i nā ʻāpana.
ʻO nā pulumu no ke kaha kiʻi ʻana i nā laina ma ke kikokikona kumu e hana i nā laina pololei o ka laula0,5-3 cma he lima lōʻihi (Fig2).
Kiʻi2— nā pulupulu a me ke ʻano mōʻaukala o ke kaha pololei ʻana.
Hōʻike ʻia kekahi kōkua mōʻaukala e like me ka ʻōmole plastik me kahi ʻōniʻoniʻo a i ʻole ka manaʻo i ka wehe. I loko o ka kikokikona, ua helu ʻia ka ʻāpana strip e like me8×8 cm, lōʻihi3 cm, ʻelua hapakolu o ka ʻōpala i loko o ka ʻōmole, a ma kahi o1/2 cmma waho o ia mea. Hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka ʻōmole me ka waihoʻoluʻu palaoa i ka pae a kaomi iki.
Mai hana i ipu kaomi: hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻōmole improvised inā pili kemika ka mea, me ka ʻole o ke kaomi a me ka pani paʻa. ʻAʻole hoʻohana ʻia ka meaʻai a i ʻole nā mea hoʻonaninani no ka mālama ʻana i ka pena no ka mea hiki ke hoʻohana hewa ʻia.
Palaki hoʻomaʻemaʻe
Hoʻohana ʻia nā pulupulu kila ma ke kikokikona no ka wehe ʻana i ka ʻōpala a me nā waiho ʻana mai ka metala, a me nā fiber palupalu no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe maikaʻi ʻana a me ka holoi ʻana i nā paia a me nā hana lāʻau. Hiki ke hoʻokomo ʻia kekahi mau pulupulu me kahi lima lōʻihi.
Ka lepo a me ka ʻili kahiko: hiki i ka pulumu kila ke hoʻolei aku i nā uwea a hana i ka lepo weliweli. Pono ka pale maka, ka pale hanu kūpono a me ka hōʻiliʻili ʻōpala. Mai hoʻohana iā ia ma kahi uhi kahiko ʻike ʻole me ka hoʻāʻo ʻole.
Nā wili a me nā tampons
Hōʻike ka ʻatikala mōʻaukala i nā wili embossing rubber me kahi waihona kumu, a me kahi huila “teddy” fiber synthetic me ka ʻole o ka waihona. Pono ka huki pololei i ka ʻike a me ka hilinaʻi ʻana i kahi alakaʻi ʻike e like me ka puka a i ʻole ke kihi.
ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ka huila i holoi ʻia i loko o ka glycerine a me ka hoʻopiha ʻana mai kahi pahu makeshift i ʻōlelo ʻia ma ke ʻano he hana kahiko. I kēia lā, holoi ʻia, mālama ʻia a hoʻohana hou ʻia ka roller e like me ke ʻano o ka uhi a me nā ʻōlelo a ka mea hana; ʻaʻole hoʻohana ʻia kahi pahu i manaʻo ʻia no ka meaʻai a me ka ʻōpala.
Hiki i nā ʻōwili ke hoʻololi i nā pulupulu ma nā paia, nā kaupaku a me nā papa pālahalaha nui aʻe. I loko o ka kikokikona, pili ka lauoho lōʻihi me ka tempera a me ka lime, ka medium me ka ʻaila a me nā kala ʻeleʻele, a me ka pōkole me ka hoʻololi hope ma luna o ka lacquered surface. ʻO ka lōʻihi lōʻihi i ʻōlelo ʻia he approx20kenimika. Hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻupena metala a i ʻole ka pahu e hoʻoneʻe ai i ka pena keu, ʻoiai ke hāʻawi ʻia ke kumu hoʻohālike i ka wili wili.
ʻO ka tampon kahi kākoʻo rectangular me ka synthetic foam a me ka lole mohair. Ua manaʻo ʻia no nā ʻili palahalaha, ʻoluʻolu a i ʻole nā ʻeleʻele. Hoʻohana ʻia nā pale nui no nā paia a me nā kaupaku, waena no nā wahi liʻiliʻi, a liʻiliʻi no nā papa a me nā ʻāpana haiki. ʻŌlelo ʻia nā alakaʻi a me nā kiaʻi overflow.
Ke hana nei ma luna o ka papahele: ʻaʻole ʻo ke ala kūpaʻa o ka huila he kumu e hoʻonui ai mai luna o ke alapiʻi. Hoʻohana ʻia kahi paepae paʻa a i ʻole ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana no ka mea hana. Mai kū ma nā ala papa ʻole a hoʻoneʻe i ke kākoʻo i ka wā e kau ana ke kanaka.
Ke kinoea a i ʻole ke kukui ʻaila
Hōʻike ka kikokikona kumu i ka lapalapa ākea o ke kukui i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka pena kahiko a palupalu, a laila wehe ʻia me ka spatula a i ʻole ka ʻōpala. Manaʻo ʻia e hoʻoneʻe mau i ka lapalapa i ʻole e wela ka substrate.
ʻAʻole kēia kaʻina hana mōʻaukala he alakaʻi palekana: hiki ke hoʻomaka ka lapalapa o ka pena kahiko i ke ahi, ka ʻā ʻana i ka lepo huna a i ʻole nā waha, a hoʻokuʻu i nā kinoea ʻona. ʻAʻole wela ke kala ʻike ʻole. No ka wehe ʻana i ka uhi, koho ʻia kahi ala mai ka palapala ʻenehana ma hope o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka substrate, me ka hoʻomalu ʻana i ka lepo, ventilation a me nā hana pale ahi.
Spatula, spatula a me nā ʻōpala
ʻO Spatulas nā ʻāpana kila maʻalahi no ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka putty a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā lua a me nā māwae. ʻO nā lau Kepanī ma ka kikokikona he ca12kenimika a laula mai2i12kenimika. Ua kuhikuhi ʻia kahi spatula laula maʻalahi no ka hana pena8-12 cm.
ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī a ʻoi aku ka ʻoi aku o ka ʻili no ka wehe ʻana i ka pena kahiko, pepa kiʻi pepa a me nā waihona ʻē aʻe. Hoʻohana ʻia kahi ʻōpala triangular no nā puka liʻiliʻi a me nā māwae, a aia pū kekahi ʻano ʻāpana ʻāpana, oval a me trapezoidal.
** ʻO nā lau a me ke kumu: ** ua hoʻokuke ʻia ka spatula a me ka ʻōpala mai ke kino, me ka ʻili paʻa a me ka pale maka. Ma mua o ka ʻoki ʻana, pono ʻoe e nānā inā loaʻa i ka uhi a i ʻole substrate ke alakaʻi, asbestos a i ʻole nā mea pōʻino ʻē aʻe.
Bākeke, colander a me nā ipu
Hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻeke no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i ka pena. Hōʻike ka ʻatikala mōʻaukala ma kahi o ʻelua mau bākeke plastik a me ka hiki ke hoʻohana i ka ʻeke i hana ʻia me ka pena25i30kilokani. Hoʻohana ʻia nā pahu pāpaʻu no ka wili, a hoʻohana ʻia nā kānana mesh i ka wā e pono ai ke kānana ʻia ka uhi.
Mālama ʻia nā pulupulu i loko o ka wai a i ʻole ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kūpono i ka wā hoʻomaha lōʻihi i ka hana ʻana, i ʻole e hoʻopōʻino ʻia nā fibers. ʻO ke koho ʻana i ka wai a me ka pahu pani e hoʻokō me ka pepa ʻikepili palekana; ʻAʻole waiho ʻia ka mea hoʻoheheʻe wela a wehe ʻole ʻia.
Hoʻohana ʻia ka pulupulu pulu no ka holoi ʻana i nā paia a i ʻole ka pulu ʻana i ka ʻili ma mua o ka ʻohi ʻana. Hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻūhā no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me ka wehe ʻana i ka pena hou.
Putty, pepa one a me ka lipine pale
Koho ʻia ka putty e like me ka substrate - paia, lāʻau a metala paha - a e like me ka noi o loko a i waho paha. Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Sandpaper no ka wehe ʻana i ka ʻeleʻele o ka ʻili, hoʻomaʻamaʻa a hoʻomaʻamaʻa i nā papa putty. Mālama ʻia ka lipine crepe hoʻopili ponoʻī i ka ʻili mai ka kulu ʻana a wehe ʻia e like me nā ʻōlelo kuhikuhi.
Ka ʻili ʻana a me ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana: ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana ma ke kumu a me ka pale hanu kūpono ma mua o ke koho ʻana o ka granulation ponoʻī. Mai hoʻolele i kahi uhi kahiko i ʻike ʻole ʻia a hana paha i ka lepo hiki ke ahi ma kahi kokoke i nā kumu hoʻā.
Nā mīkini pena pena
ʻO ka ʻike mōʻaukala e pili ana i nā pamu lima, nā kini aerosol, nā pū uila a me nā ʻōnaehana compressor. Aia kekahi ʻōnaehana ʻoihana i kahi pū a me kahi mea hoʻoemi kūpono, ʻoiai ʻo nā mea liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi hiki ke loaʻa ʻole kahi pahu a i ʻole pili ʻia i kahi kaʻa ʻē aʻe.
Hoʻohana ka pū uila i loko o ka kikokikona i kahi pamu liʻiliʻi a me kahi pilina i ka pūnaewele home. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia ke koi palena ʻia e koi i ka pena i hoʻoheheʻe pono ʻia, ʻoiai nā mea hoʻohālike hou e hāʻawi i kahi ʻaʻahu a hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia.
Hoʻopuka ka pipi ʻana i nā pōʻino kūikawā: hoʻonui aerosol a me ka noe maikaʻi i ka inhalation, ka waiho ʻana o ka ʻili, ka pōʻino ʻā a me ka hoʻopuehu ʻole ʻia. ʻO ka huahana i ʻae ʻia no ka pulupulu ʻana, ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana a i ʻole ka ʻūhā i hoʻolaʻa ʻia, ka respirator kūpono, ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka wā i kauoha ʻia ai, ka mālama ʻana i nā kumu hoʻāla a me ka pale ʻana i nā poʻe a puni a me nā ʻili. Pono pono nā lako uila no ka ʻāpana a me ka huahana.
’Ōlelo ke kikokikona kumu nitro-lacquer i loko o ka hue aerosol mai16dkg. Hāʻawi ʻia ka mahana o ka ipu e like me nā kūlana mōʻaukala18-20 °C, kahi mamao o25-30 cma me ke alakaʻi ʻāpae like ʻole o ka jet ma ka ʻili kū pololei. ʻIke mua ʻia ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka jet ma ka pepa ʻōpala, a ua wehewehe ʻia ka neʻe ʻana o ka arcing ke kumu o ka mānoanoa ʻole (Fig.3).
Kiʻi3- he moʻolelo mōʻaukala o ke alakaʻi ʻana i ka jet a me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka hue aerosol.
I ke kaʻina hana mua, hoʻohana ʻia ka uhi ʻana i nā ʻāpana lahilahi, me ka liʻiliʻi loa5 minuta ma waena o nā papa. No ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke koena, e hoʻohuli i ka ʻōmole no180° a hooponopono hou i ke poo.
He omole 16 dkg i loko o ke kikokikona i manaoia ma kahi o 2,5 m2 ili, me 12 hola e pau ai ka maloo ana. Ma hope o ka hoʻohana ʻana, wehewehe ʻia e hoʻohuli i ka ʻōmole i lalo a kaomi pōkole a puka wale ke kinoea, a laila hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka wahi a puni ka atomizer me ka pulupulu a me ka lahilahi.
Ma mua o nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo lepili: ʻaʻole like nā kaʻina hana o ka mōʻaukala, ke kaawale, ka manawa ma waena o nā ʻaʻahu, ka uhi, ka maloʻo a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe. ʻAʻole i hū ʻia ka ʻōmole aerosol, wehe ʻia, wela a hoʻolei ʻia i loko o ke ahi, ʻoiai ke ʻike ʻole ʻia. ʻAʻole i hoʻāʻo ʻia ka ʻōmole i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a hoʻopaʻa ʻia paha e ka ikaika a hoʻolei ʻia e like me ke koi ʻia e ka mea hana a me nā hoʻoponopono kūloko.
Scaffolding a me nā alapiʻi
Ke haʻi aku nei ka kikokikona i nā scaffold hana liʻiliʻi e pili ana i 1 m ke kiʻekiʻe a ʻōlelo ʻo ia e pono ke kau paʻa, ʻoi aku ka nui inā hoʻonui ʻia. No nā ʻanuʻu wāwae ʻelua a me nā alapiʻi maʻamau, ua ʻōlelo ʻia nā mea ʻē aʻe no ka hana ʻoluʻolu a me ka pale puka makani.
ʻAʻohe hoʻokokoke improvised: ʻAʻole hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā Scaffolds ma luna o kekahi me ka ʻole o kahi ʻōnaehana i hoʻolālā ʻia, a ʻaʻole i hoʻohui ʻia nā ʻuala, nā paepae a i ʻole nā mea hoʻonui i ʻae ʻole ʻia e ka mea hana i ke alapiʻi. ʻO ke kākoʻo, ke kihi, ke kumu, ka laka, ka hoʻouka ʻana a me ka pale hāʻule e nānā ʻia ma mua o ka hana. No ka hana lōʻihi a ʻaoʻao paha, hoʻohana ʻia kahi paepae kūpono.
Mea hana no ka hana kiʻi pepa
ʻO ka hana ʻana i ka upholstering i loko o ka kikokikona kumu e pili ana i ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka pepa kiʻi paʻi kiʻi, hoʻololi i ka lole a me nā ʻāpana o nā lako i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a me ka uhi hapa o ka papahele. ʻO ka ʻōpala, ka spatula, ka ʻili, ka ʻokiʻoki, ka pahi ʻoi, ka huila hui, ka lula metala, ka pulupulu kepau, ka pulupulu hoʻoheheʻe, ka pulupulu pepa pepa a me ka laina plumb.
He pono ka papa hana lōʻihi. Hōʻike ʻia ka papa mōʻaukala no nā mea hoʻolale lole me nā ana i wehe ʻole ʻia ma kahi o 2 m × 0,5 m, a i ka wā e pelu ʻia ai, liʻiliʻi ka wahi.
Ua ʻōlelo pū ʻia nā wili ākea me nā puʻu elastika no ka paʻa ʻana i ka piko o ka pepa kiʻi kiʻi a me ka pahi “Stanley” me kahi pahi pōkole hiki ke pani ʻia no ka pepa, pahu pahu, veneer, plywood lahilahi, ʻili a me nā uhi papahele.
Ka pahi, ke kāpili a me ka mea kahiko: alakaʻi ʻia ka pahi ma kahi alakaʻi paʻa a mamao aku i ke kino, a hoʻololi koke ʻia kahi mea ʻeleʻele a pohō paha. Ua koho ʻia ke kāpili e like me ka wallpaper a me ka substrate. Ma mua o ka wehe ʻana i ke kapa kahiko, pono ʻoe e nānā i ka makū, ka poʻi a me nā mea ʻino, a hoʻokaʻawale i nā kumu uila a me nā hoʻololi.