Okuqukethwe okuwusizo kwe-Archival: lesi sihloko sigcina umbono womlando wokudweba, ukudweba kanye namathuluzi okuhlobisa. Akuyona inkomba yakamuva yokukhetha ukunamathela, ukusebenza ngamakhemikhali, ukufutha, ukusebenza ngokuphakama noma ukususa upende omdala. Ngaphambi komsebenzi, kufanele uhlonze i-substrate ne-coating, ufunde ishidi ledatha yezobuchwepheshe nezokuphepha, uhlole umoya omncane kanye nokuvikelwa komuntu siqu okudingekayo. Izembatho ezindala, udaka kanye nokufakwa kungaqukatha izinto eziyingozi; indawo engaziwa ayigxivizwa, ikhutshulwe, ifudunyezwe noma ifuthwe ngaphandle kokuhlolwa kochwepheshe.
Namuhla, i-Savo Kusić igxile emafasiteleni okhuni, amafasitela okhuni-aluminium, amafasitela ngokwezifiso, umnyango kanye nezicelo zekhotheshini. Lesi sihloko sihlala siyingobo yomlando futhi asimeleli ukunikezwa kokudweba, ukudweba noma umsebenzi we-upholstery.
Amathuluzi okupenda nawokupenda awahlukile kakhulu. Uma zihlanzwa ngokucophelela ngendlela evumelana nokunameka okuthile, ithuluzi elifanayo lingasetshenziswa ngezinjongo ezihlukene.
Amabhulashi Okupenda
Ama-bristles noma ama-bristles ebhulashi ngokuvamile anamathiselwe kwisibambo ngokufakwa kwensimbi. Umbhalo wangempela uchaza amabhulashi ezinwele zengulube njengekhwalithi engcono kakhulu, alula ngokuqina futhi abe mnyama kumabhulashi athambile, kuyilapho imicu yokwenziwa ichazwa njengengazweli kakhulu, kodwa enomphumela obuthaka. Ukuhlola umlando; ukukhetha kwanamuhla kwefayibha kufanele kuhambisane nohlobo lwento enamathelayo kanye nemiyalelo yomkhiqizi wayo.
Amabhulashi angaba unxande, ayindilinga, amise okweqanda noma abe flat. Ibhulashi elikhulu elingunxande likhethwa ngokusho komsebenzi: elincane lamafutha noma amapende okwenziwa, eliphakathi nendawo yokugqoka okusekelwe emanzini, futhi enkulu ye-lime ne-tempera. Umbhalo uthi 14 × 4 amasentimitha njengesilinganiso esimaphakathi, esifanele isendlalelo sokuqala nokungena kokumboza kuzimbotshana nokungalingani.
Amabhulashi ayindilinga akhiqizwa ngamasayizi ahlukene futhi asetshenziselwa ukuqedela izendlalelo endaweni elungisiwe. Umbhalo womlando uhlobanisa amabhulashi aqina kakhudlwana nopende bokwenziwa nabanamafutha, futhi athambile koqweqwe lwawo kanye nama-lacquers e-nitrocellulose. Ezindaweni ezinkudlwana, ukufakwa kusuka ku-30 × 45 kuya ku-45 × 60 mmeters kucacisiwe.
Amabhulashi ayisicaba ahloselwe indawo eyisicaba. Ububanzi obushiwo kakhulu busuka ku-4 ukuya kumasentimitha angu-8, obunamafayibha aqinile noma athambile. Inzuzo yabo embhalweni iwukusebenzisa ngisho nangokwengeziwe kokumboza.
Ibhulashi lama-radiator liyisicaba, linesibambo eside sika40ku50amasentimitha futhi ngokugoba okuhambisanayo nge-engeli engakwesokudla. Ihloselwe izingxenye zama-radiator okunzima ukufinyelela kuzo kanye nezinto ezifanayo. Ibhulashi elinesibambo esigobile nemicu ehlelwe njengerola nayo iyashiwo.
Amabhulashi akhethekile asetshenziselwa ukudweba, amaphethini, ukudweba kobuciko kanye neminye imisebenzi ethile. I-Scheiben-brush embhalweni womlando ibhulashi lezinkuni elenziwe ngezinwele; ngenxa yesisindo nosayizi, inombolo yebhulashi 5 ivame ukucaciswa. Ibhulashi elisetshenzisiwe lichazwa njengethuluzi lokugeza upende nezitsha, kuyilapho elisha lisetshenziselwa kuqala insipho ukuze lifake amaphethelo emicu kancane. Izingxenye zokucwilisa ngamafutha e-linseed nazo ziyashiwo.
Endabeni yebhulashi eliyindilinga, ingxenye yezinwele ingaboshwa ngentambo, futhi ingxenye yamahhala ingashiywa nobude obungu-4–5 cm. Ibhulashi elinjalo lichazwa emaphethelweni eminyango, amafasitela, amakhona namakhona (isithombe 1, ingxenye 1).
Ibhulashi elincane, “ibhubesi”, lingaba isicaba noma libe yindilinga. Ngomsebenzi wezikhathi ezithile, umthombo ucacisa ibhulashi eliyisicaba elinobubanzi obungu-2–10 cm (isithombe 1, ingxenye 3).
Isithombe 1 — izibonelo zamabhulashi nendlela yokuwasebenzisa.
Ngokushelela kwezingqimba zikawoyela, ishiwo izisakazi ezinezinwele ezicokeme, ezilungele ukulinganisa izindawo eziqinile nezingalingani kanye nokufaka ama-lacquers (isithombe 1, ingxenye 2).
Imicu, izincibilikisi kanye nokuhlanza: ibhulashi likhethwa ngokuya ngokunameka okuthile. I-Nitrocellulose, amafutha kanye neminye imikhiqizo ye-solvent ingavutha futhi ibe yingozi ngokuhogela. Amabhulashi awawashwa ezitsheni zokudla, futhi isincibilikisi semfucuza, amanzi okugeza nezindwangu kulahlwa ngokuya ngemiyalelo yomkhiqizo nemithetho yendawo.
Amabhulashi athuthukisiwe omlando
Umbhalo uchaza ukwenziwa kwebhulashi kusuka kusipontshi sokwenziwa esiwugqinsi, iglue, isikelo, insingo nesibambo esidala. Isipontshi sishuthekwa esibambi sensimbi esihlanziwe noma isibambo sigoqwe ngephepha eliqinile noma itheyiphu, bese sinamathiselwa futhi sifinyezwe.
Amathuluzi esipontshi aphinde ashiwo embhalweni wamachashazi okuhlobisa, imigqa yokuqedela ngisho nokuhudula irula. Itheyiphu yesipontshi ingananyathiselwa ku-slat elincanyana.
Ukusika nokunamathisela: Insingo, ummese nesikelo kudinga indawo ezinzile, ukusikwa kude nomzimba nokuvikelwa kwesandla. Iglue nesipontshi kumele kuhambisane nopende kanye ne-solvent; amathuluzi athuthukisiwe ancibilikisa, ahlukanise noma ashiye izinhlayiya awasetshenziswa.
Amabhulashi okudweba umugqa kumbhalo womthombo enza imigqa yobubanzi 0,5–3 cm futhi ibe nesibambo eside (isithombe 2).
Image 2 — amabhulashi kanye nendlela yomlando yokudweba imigqa eqondile.
Ibhodlela lepulasitiki elinomcu wesipontshi noma elizwakalayo ekuvuleni lichazwa njengolunye usizo lomlando. Embhalweni, ingxenye yomugqa inikezwa 8 × 8 cm, ubude 3 cm, izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zomucu ebhodleleni, futhi cishe 1/2 cm ngaphandle. Ibhodlela elinombala wokusanhlamvu libanjwe livundlile futhi licindezelwe kancane.
Ungawenzi umkhumbi wokucindezela: ibhodlela elithuthukisiwe lisetshenziswa kuphela uma impahla ihambisana namakhemikhali, ngaphandle kwengcindezi kanye nokuvalwa okuvikelekile. Ukudla noma ukupakishwa kwezimonyo akusetshenziselwa ukugcina upende njengoba kungaholela ekusetshenzisweni kabi.
Amabhulashi okuhlanza
Amabhulashi ensimbi embhalweni asetshenziselwa ukususa ukugqwala namadiphozithi ensimbi, namafayibha athambile ukuze kuhlanzwe kahle nokugeza izindonga nomsebenzi wokhuni. Amanye amabhulashi angafakwa isibambo eside.
Uthuli nendawo endala: Ibhulashi lensimbi lingalahla izintambo futhi lidale uthuli oluyingozi. Ukuvikelwa kwamehlo, ukuvikela ukuphefumula okufanele kanye nokuqoqwa kwemfucuza okulawulwayo kuyadingeka. Ungayisebenzisi ku-coating endala engaziwa ngaphandle kokuhlolwa.
Amarola nama-tampon
Umbhalo womlando uchaza amarola enjoloba agqamile anereservoir yephethini, kanye nerola yefiber yokwenziwa “teddy” engenandawo yokugcina amanzi. Ukudonsa okuqondile kudinga ulwazi nokuncika kumhlahlandlela obonakalayo njengomnyango noma ikhona.
Ukugcina irola eliwashiwe ku-glycerine nokuyigcwalisa kusuka esitsheni esithuthukisiwe kushiwo njengezinqubo ezindala. Namuhla, i-roller iyagezwa, igcinwe futhi isetshenziswe kabusha kuphela ngokusho kohlobo lokugqoka kanye nemiyalelo yomkhiqizi; ungasebenzisi iziqukathi ezenzelwe ukudla noma imfucuza.
Ama-Roller angashintsha amabhulashi ezindongeni, osilingini nasezindaweni ezikhudlwana eziyisicaba. Embhalweni, izinwele ezinde zihlotshaniswa ne-tempera kanye ne-lime, i-medium enemibala yamafutha nemnyama, futhi ifushane ngenguquko yokugcina phezu kwendawo ene-lacquered. Ubude berola obushiwo obuvame kakhulu bucishe bube amasentimitha angu-20. I-mesh yensimbi noma ubhavu usetshenziselwa ukususa upende oweqile, kuyilapho irola yerabha egxiviziwe inikeza iphethini.
I-Tampon iyisisekelo esingunxande esinegwebu lokwenziwa kanye nendwangu ye-mohair. Ihloselwe izindawo eziyisicaba, ezibushelelezi noma ezimaholoholo ngokumaphakathi. Amabhafa amakhulu asetshenziselwa izindonga nosilingi, aphakathi nendawo ezindaweni ezincane, futhi amancane kumafreyimu nezingxenye ezincane. Imihlahlandlela nonogada abachichimayo kuyashiwo.
Ukusebenza ngaphezu kwesitezi: indlela eqondile yerola akusona isizathu sokunwebeka ukusuka phezulu kweladi. Kusetshenziswa inkundla ezinzile noma isibambo sesandiso esigunyazwe ithuluzi. Ungami phezu kwezingqimba ezingavunyelwe futhi unganyakazi isisekelo lapho umuntu ekhona.
Igesi noma isibani sikaphethiloli
Umbhalo wangempela uchaza ilangabi elibanzi lesibani elisetshenziselwa ukushisisa upende omdala uze uthambe, bese ukhishwa nge-spatula noma nge-scraper. Kunconywa ukuthi uhlale uhambisa ilangabi ukuze i-substrate ingashisi ngokweqile.
Le nqubo yomlando ayiyona inkomba ephephile: ilangabi elivulekile kupende omdala lingabangela umlilo, lithungele uthuli olufihliwe noma umgodi futhi likhiphe amagesi anobuthi. Umbala ongaziwa awushisi. Ukuze kukhishwe okokumboza, kukhethwa indlela embhalweni wezobuchwepheshe ngemva kokuhlola i-substrate, ngokulawula uthuli, ukungeniswa komoya kanye nezinyathelo zokuvimbela umlilo.
Ama-spatula, ama-spatula nama-scrapers
Ama-Spatula amashidi ensimbi aguquguqukayo okufaka i-putty nezimbobo zokulinganisa nokuqhekeka. Ama-spatula wesi-Japanese embhalweni cishe amasentimitha angu-12 ubude futhi 2 ukuya ku-12 amasentimitha ububanzi. Emisebenzini yokudweba, i-spatula eguquguqukayo esinobubanzi obungu-8–12 cm.
Ama-Scrapers angamashidi ensimbi aqinile futhi acijile okukhipha upende omdala, iphepha lokunamathisela odongeni nezinye izinto ezifakwayo. I-scraper engunxantathu isetshenziselwa ukuvuleka nokuqhekeka okuncane, futhi kukhona umumo ongunxande, oval kanye ne-trapezoidal.
Ama-blades ne-base: isikhafu ne-scraper kususwa emzimbeni, nendawo ezinzile nesivikelo samehlo. Ngaphambi kokukhuhla, kufanele uhlole ukuthi i-coating noma i-substrate iqukethe umthofu, i-asbestos noma ezinye izinto eziyingozi.
Amabhakede, ama-colander neziqukathi
Amabhakede asetshenziselwa ukulungisa nokugcina upende. Umbhalo womlando ukhuluma okungenani amabhakede amabili epulasitiki kanye nethuba lokusebenzisa ukupakishwa kukapende kusuka ku-25 kuya ku-30 kilogram. Amabhavu angashoni asetshenziselwa i-roller, futhi izihlungi ze-mesh zisetshenziswa lapho okunamathelayo kudinga ukuhlungwa.
Amabhulashi agcinwa emisiwe emanzini noma ku-solvent efanelekile phakathi nekhefu elide lokusebenza, ukuze imicu ingakhubazeki. Ukukhethwa kwesiqukathi esiwuketshezi nesivaliwe kufanele kuhambisane neshidi ledatha yezokuphepha; isincibilikisi esivuthayo asishiywa sivuliwe noma singamakiwe.
Ibhulashi lokumanzisa lisetshenziselwa ukugeza izindonga noma ukumanzisa indawo engaphezulu ngaphambi kokuklwelwa okumanzi. Izipontshi zisetshenziselwa ukuhlanza nokukhipha upende omusha.
I-putty, sandpaper kanye netheyiphu yokuzivikela
I-putty ikhethwa ngokuvumelana ne-substrate - udonga, ukhuni noma insimbi - futhi ngokuya ngokusebenza kwangaphakathi noma kwangaphandle. I-sandpaper isetshenziselwa ukususa ukugqwala okungaphezulu, ukulinganisa nokushelela izingqimba ze-putty. Itheyiphu ye-crepe ezinamathelayo ivikela izindawo ekuconzeni futhi isuswe ngokuya ngemiyalelo yokumboza.
Ukujikijela nokulungiselela: ukucofa emthonjeni kanye nokuvikela okufanele kokuphefumula kubaluleke kakhulu kunokukhethwa kwembudumbudu ngokwayo. Ungasanti isihlabathi i-coating endala engaziwa noma udale uthuli oluvuthayo eduze nemithombo yokuthungela.
Futha imishini yokupenda
Ukubuka konke komlando kuhlanganisa amaphampu ezandla, amathini e-aerosol, izibhamu zikagesi namasistimu okucindezela. Uhlelo oluchwepheshile luqukethe isibhamu nesigaxa esifanelekile, kuyilapho izisetshenziswa ezincane zingenalo ithangi noma zixhunywe kwenye idrayivu.
Isibhamu sikagesi embhalweni sisebenzisa iphampu encane nokuxhumeka kunethiwekhi yasekhaya. Ingcindezi elinganiselwe kuthiwa idinga upende onciwe kahle, kuyilapho amamodeli amasha enikeza isifutho esifanayo futhi esilungisekayo.
Ukufafaza kwethula izingozi ezikhethekile: i-aerosol nenkungu enhle inyusa ukuhogela, ukumiswa kwesikhumba, ingozi yokuvutha kanye nokuhlakazeka okungalawuleki. Umkhiqizo ogunyazwe ukufuthwa, ukungeniswa komoya noma umoya okhipha umoya ozinikele, umshini wokuphefumula ofanelekile, indawo ephansi lapho kunqunyiwe, ukulawulwa kwemithombo yokuthungela nokuvikelwa kwabantu abazungezile kanye nezindawo ezingaphezulu kuyadingeka. Okokusebenza kukagesi kufanele kufane nendawo kanye nomkhiqizo.
Umbhalo wangempela ukhuluma nge-nitro-lacquer ebhodleleni le-aerosol elingu-16 dkg. Njengezimo zomlando, izinga lokushisa lebhodlela 18–20 °C, ibanga elithi 25–30 cm kanye nokuqondiswa okuvundlile okufanayo kwejethi endaweni eqondile kuyashiwo. Ukuqala kwejethi kuqala kuhlolwe ephepheni lemfucuza, futhi ukunyakaza kwe-arcing kuchazwa njengembangela yobukhulu obungalingani (Umfanekiso 3).
Figure 3 — ukubuka komlando kokuqondiswa kwendiza kanye nokuhlolwa kwebhodlela le-aerosol.
Enqubweni yokuqala, ukunamathela kusetshenziswa eziphasejini ezincanyana, okungenani 5 mphakathi phakathi kwezendlalelo. Ukuze usebenzise okusele, ukuphendulela ibhodlela ngokuthi 180° nokulungisa ikhanda kuchaziwe.
Ibhodlela elithi 16 dkg embhalweni lilinganiselwa cishe indawo engu-2,5 m2, enamahora angu-12 okuqedela ukomiswa. Ngemuva kokusetshenziswa, kuchazwa ukuthi uphendulela ibhodlela phansi bese ucindezela kafushane kuze kuphume igesi kuphela, bese uhlanza indawo ezungeze i-atomizer ngoboya bekotini futhi ibe mncane.
Imiyalo yelebula iza kuqala: amazinga okushisa omlando, isikhala, isikhathi phakathi kwamajazi, ukumbozwa, izinqubo zokomisa kanye nokuhlanza akuzona zonke. Ibhodlela le-aerosol alibhobhozwa, livuliwe, lishisiwe noma liphonswe emlilweni, ngisho nalapho libonakala lingenalutho. Ibhodlela likakhokho noma elijiyile alihlolwa ngamandla futhi lilahlwa njengoba kudingwa umkhiqizi nemithetho yendawo.
Iscaffolding namaladi
Umbhalo ukhuluma ngezikafula ezincane ezisebenzayo ezingaba 1 m ubude futhi uxwayise ukuthi kufanele zibekwe ziqine, ikakhulukazi uma zinwetshiwe. Ezingeni ezinemilenze emibili nezijwayelekile, izici ezengeziwe ziyaphakanyiswa ukuze uthole umsebenzi onethezekile nokuvikela iwindi.
Ayikho indlela ethuthukisiwe: Izikafula azipakishwanga phezu kwezinye ngaphandle kwesistimu eklanyelwe, futhi awekho ama-batten, amaplathifomu noma izandiso ezingagunyazwanga umenzi ezingezwe kuleli. Ukusekela, i-engeli, isisekelo, ukukhiya, umthamo wokulayisha nokuvikelwa kokuwa kuyahlolwa ngaphambi kokusebenza. Ngomsebenzi omude noma ongemuva, kusetshenziswa inkundla efanelekile.
Ithuluzi lomsebenzi wangemuva
Imisebenzi yokuphakamisa upholstering embhalweni wokuqala ihlanganisa ukufakwa kwesithombe sangemuva, ukushintsha indwangu kanye nezingxenye zefenisha ene-upholstered kanye nengxenye yokumboza phansi. I-Scraper, i-spatula, i-trowel, isikelo, ummese ocijile, i-roller ehlangene, irula yensimbi, ibhulashi leglue, ibhulashi elimanzisa amanzi, ibhulashi lokucindezela iphepha lodonga kanye nentambo yokuqondisa kuyadingeka.
Indawo yokusebenza ende ngokwanele iwusizo. Ithebula lomlando lama-upholsterers lichazwa ngobungako obuvuliwe obungaba ngu-2 m × 0,5 m, futhi uma ligoqiwe lithatha isikhala esincane.
Okunye okushiwo ngamapulangwe abanzi anezibambi ezinwebekayo zokubamba ingxenye engenhla yesithombe sangemuva kanye nommese othi “Stanley” onensingo emfushane eshintshwayo yephepha, amakhadibhodi, i-veneer, i-plywood encane, isikhumba nesembozo saphansi.
Ummese, iglu kanye ne-substrate endala: i-blade iqondiswa eduze kwegayidi eqinile futhi ikude nomzimba, futhi ezibuthuntu noma ezilimele zishintshwa ngokushesha. I-glue ikhethwa ngokusho kwephepha lodonga kanye ne-substrate. Ngaphambi kokukhipha ulwelwesi oludala, kufanele uhlole umswakama, isikhunta kanye nezinto ezingaba yingozi, futhi uhlukanise ngokuphephile amasokhethi namaswishi kagesi.