** Zolemba zosungirako zakale: ** nkhaniyi imasunga mbiri yakale ya zojambula, zojambula ndi zida za upholstery. Sichitsogozo chamakono chosankha zokutira, kugwira ntchito ndi mankhwala, kupopera mankhwala, kugwira ntchito pamtunda kapena kuchotsa utoto wakale. Musanayambe ntchito, muyenera kuzindikira gawo lapansi ndi zokutira, werengani pepala laukadaulo ndi chitetezo, fufuzani mpweya wabwino komanso chitetezo chofunikira. Zopaka zakale, matope ndi zotsekemera zimatha kukhala ndi zinthu zoopsa; malo osadziwika samapangidwa ndi mchenga, kupalidwa, kutenthedwa kapena kupopera popanda kuunika kwa akatswiri.
Masiku ano, Savo Kusić amayang’ana kwambiri mazenera amatabwa, mazenera a matabwa a aluminiyamu, mazenera amwambo, khomo ndi zopempha za mawu. Nkhaniyi imakhalabe ngati mbiri yakale ndipo siyikuyimira kuperekedwa kwa kujambula, kujambula kapena ntchito ya upholstery.
Zida zopenta ndi kupenta sizosiyana kwambiri. Ngati ayeretsedwa bwino m’njira yogwirizana ndi zokutira, chida chomwecho chingagwiritsidwe ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana.
Maburashi Opaka
Ma bristles kapena ma bristles a burashi nthawi zambiri amamangiriridwa ku chogwirira ndi chitsulo choyenera. Zolemba zoyambirira zimafotokoza kuti maburashi atsitsi la nkhumba ndi abwino kwambiri, opepuka ngati olimba komanso akuda kwa maburashi ofewa, pomwe ulusi wopangira amafotokozedwa ngati wosamva, koma ndi zotsatira zofooka. Ndi mbiri yakale; Ulusi wosankhidwa wamakono uyenera kugwirizana ndi mtundu wa zokutira ndi malangizo a wopanga.
Maburashi amatha kukhala amakona anayi, ozungulira, oval kapena osalala. Burashi yayikulu yamakona amakona imasankhidwa molingana ndi ntchitoyo: yaing’ono yamafuta kapena utoto wopangira, yapakati pa zokutira zokhala ndi madzi, ndi yayikulu ya laimu ndi tempera. Mawuwo akuti 14 × 4 centimita ngati muyeso wapakati, woyenera wosanjikiza woyamba ndi kulowa kwa zokutira mu pores ndi kusalingana.
Maburashi ozungulira amapangidwa mosiyanasiyana ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pomaliza zigawo pamalo okonzedwa. Zolemba zakale zimagwirizana ndi maburashi olimba ndi utoto wopangidwa ndi mafuta, ndipo zofewa zimatengera ma enamel ndi ma lacquers a nitrocellulose. Pamalo okulirapo, zolowera kuyambira 30 × 45 mpaka 45 × 60 mmita zatchulidwa.
Maburashi athyathyathya amapangidwira malo athyathyathya. Mipando yomwe imatchulidwa kwambiri ikuchokera ku 4 mpaka 8 centimita, yokhala ndi ulusi wolimba kapena wofewa. Ubwino wawo m’malembawo ndikugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri zokutira.
Burashi kwa ma radiator ndi lathyathyathya, ndi chogwirira yaitali40ku50centimita ndi chopindika moyenerera pa ngodya yolondola. Amapangidwira magawo ovuta kufikira ma radiator ndi zinthu zofanana. Burashi yokhala ndi chogwirira chopindika ndi ulusi wokonzedwa ngati wodzigudubuza imatchulidwanso.
Maburashi apadera amagwiritsidwa ntchito pojambula, mapatani, kujambula mwaluso ndi ntchito zina zapadera. Scheiben-brush ili m’mbiri yakale burashi yamatabwa yopangidwa ndi tsitsi; chifukwa cha kulemera ndi kukula, nambala ya burashi 5 imatchulidwa kawirikawiri. Burashi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito imafotokozedwa ngati chida chochapira utoto ndi mbale, pomwe chatsopano chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga sopo kuvala nsonga za ulusi pang’ono. Kumizidwa ndi mafuta a linseed kumatchulidwanso.
Pankhani ya burashi yozungulira, gawo la tsitsi likhoza kumangidwa ndi chingwe, ndipo gawo laulere likhoza kutsalira ndi kutalika kwa 4–5 cm. Burashi yotereyi imafotokozedwa m’mphepete mwa zitseko, mazenera, ngodya ndi ngodya (chithunzi 1, gawo 1).
Burashi yaying’ono, “mkango”, imatha kukhala yosalala kapena yozungulira. Pantchito ya apo ndi apo, gwero limatchula burashi yathyathyathya yokhala ndi m’lifupi mwake 2–10 cm (chithunzi 1, gawo 3).
Chithunzi 1 — zitsanzo za maburashi ndi momwe angawagwiritsire ntchito.
Pakutsuka kwa zokutira zamafuta, zofalitsa zokhala ndi tsitsi labwino kwambiri zimatchulidwa, zoyenera kusanja malo olimba komanso osafanana ndikugwiritsa ntchito lacquers (chithunzi 1, gawo 2).
Ulusi, zosungunulira ndi kuyeretsa: burashi imasankhidwa molingana ndi zokutira kwake. Nitrocellulose, mafuta ndi zinthu zina zosungunulira zimatha kuyaka komanso zovulaza pokoka mpweya. Maburashi satsukidwa m’mitsuko yazakudya, ndipo zosungunulira zinyalala, madzi ochapira ndi nsalu zimatayidwa motsatira malangizo a mankhwala ndi malamulo a komweko.
Maburashi osinthidwa akale
Mawuwa akufotokoza kupanga burashi kuchokera ku siponji yokhuthala, guluu, lumo, lumo ndi chogwirira chakale. Siponji amalowetsedwa mu chotengera chachitsulo choyeretsedwa kapena chogwiriracho amachikulunga ndi pepala lolimba kapena tepi, kenako kumamatira ndikufupikitsa.
Zida za siponji zimatchulidwanso m’malemba a madontho okongoletsera, mizere yomaliza komanso kukokera pa wolamulira. Tepi ya siponji imatha kumamatidwa ku slat yopyapyala.
Kudula ndi kumata: Lumo, mpeni ndi lumo zimafuna malo okhazikika, kudula kutali ndi thupi ndi chitetezo cha manja. Guluu ndi siponji ziyenera kugwirizana ndi utoto ndi zosungunulira; zida zosinthidwa zomwe zimasungunula, kulekanitsa kapena kusiya tinthu ting’onoting’ono sizigwiritsidwa ntchito.
Maburashi ojambulira mizere m’mawu oyambira amapanga mizere ya m’lifupi 0,5–3 cm ndipo imakhala ndi chogwirira chachitali (chithunzi 2).
Image 2 — maburashi ndi njira yakale yojambulira mizere yowongoka.
Botolo lapulasitiki lokhala ndi siponji kapena zomveka potsegulira limafotokozedwa ngati chithandizo china chambiri. M’mawu, gawo la mzerewo laperekedwa monga 8 × 8 cm, kutalika kwake 3 cm, magawo awiri pa atatu a mzerewo mu botolo, ndi pafupifupi 1/2 cm kunja. Botolo lokhala ndi mtundu wa tirigu limagwiridwa mopingasa ndikulisindikiza pang’ono.
Musapange chotengera chokakamiza: botolo lokonzedwa bwino limagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha ngati zinthuzo zikugwirizana ndi mankhwala, popanda kukakamizidwa komanso kutsekedwa kotetezedwa. Chakudya kapena zopakapaka zodzikongoletsera sizigwiritsidwa ntchito posungira utoto chifukwa zitha kusokoneza.
Maburashi otsuka
Maburashi achitsulo m’malembawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa dzimbiri ndi zitsulo kuzitsulo, komanso ulusi wofewa poyeretsa ndi kutsuka makoma ndi matabwa. Maburashi ena akhoza kuikidwa ndi chogwirira chachitali.
Fumbi ndi malo akale: brush yachitsulo imatha kutaya mawaya ndikupanga fumbi lowopsa. Chitetezo cha maso, chitetezo choyenera cha kupuma ndi kusonkhanitsa zinyalala kumafunika. Osagwiritsa ntchito pa zokutira zakale zosadziwika popanda kuyezetsa.
Zodzigudubuza ndi matamponi
Zolemba zamakedzana zimafotokoza zodzigudubuza za rabala zokhala ndi chosungira chapatani, komanso chogudubuza cha “teddy” chopangira chopanda chosungira. Kukoka mowongoka kumafuna chidziwitso komanso kudalira kalozera wowoneka ngati khomo kapena ngodya.
Kusunga chopukutira chotsuka mu glycerin ndikuchidzaza kuchokera m’chidebe chokonzedwa bwino chimatchulidwa ngati njira zakale. Masiku ano, wodzigudubuza amatsukidwa, kusungidwa ndi kugwiritsidwanso ntchito molingana ndi mtundu wa zokutira ndi malangizo a wopanga; musagwiritse ntchito zotengera zopangira chakudya kapena zinyalala.
Ma roller amatha kusintha maburashi pamakoma, kudenga ndi malo okulirapo. M’mawuwo, tsitsi lalitali limagwirizanitsidwa ndi tempera ndi laimu, sing’anga ndi mafuta ndi mitundu yakuda, ndi lalifupi ndi kusintha komaliza pamwamba pa lacquered pamwamba. Utali wodzigudubuza wodziwika kwambiri ndi pafupifupi 20 centimita. Ukonde wachitsulo kapena chubu amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa utoto wochulukirapo, pomwe chodzigudukira cha rabala chojambulidwa chimapereka pateni.
Tamponi ndi chothandizira chamakona anayi chokhala ndi thovu lopangidwa ndi nsalu ya mohair. Amapangidwa kuti azikhala athyathyathya, osalala kapena osalimba pang’ono. Zotchingira zazikulu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakoma ndi denga, zapakati pazigawo zing’onozing’ono, ndi zazing’ono pamafelemu ndi magawo opapatiza. Otsogolera ndi oteteza kusefukira akutchulidwa.
**Kugwira ntchito pamwamba pa pansi: ** njira yowongoka ya wodzigudubuza sichifukwa chowonjezera kuchokera pamwamba pa makwerero. Pulatifomu yokhazikika kapena chogwirira chowonjezera chovomerezeka cha chidacho chimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Musayime pazingwe zoletsedwa ndipo musasunthe chothandizira pamene munthu ali pamenepo.
Gasi kapena nyali yamafuta
Zolemba zoyambirira zimafotokoza lawi lalikulu la nyali yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kutenthetsa utoto wakale mpaka itafewetsa, kenako imachotsedwa ndi spatula kapena scraper. Amalangizidwa kuti azisuntha lawi nthawi zonse kuti gawo lapansi lisatenthe.
Njira yakaleyi silondomeko wotetezeka: malawi otsegula pa penti yakale amatha kuyambitsa moto, kuyatsa fumbi lobisika kapena pabowo ndikutulutsa mpweya wapoizoni. Mtundu wosadziwika sutenthetsa. Kuti muchotse zokutira, njira imasankhidwa kuchokera pazolemba zaukadaulo pambuyo poyesa gawo lapansi, ndikuwongolera fumbi, mpweya wabwino komanso kupewa moto.
Spatulas, spatulas ndi scrapers
Spatula ndi mapepala achitsulo osinthika opaka ma putty ndikusanja mabowo ndi ming’alu. Masipapu achijapani omwe ali m’mawuwa ndi pafupifupi 12 centimita utali ndi 2 mpaka 12 masentimita m’lifupi. Kwa ntchito zopenta, spatula yosinthika yokhala ndi m’lifupi mwake 8–12 cm.
Zolembapo ndizitsulo zolimba komanso zakuthwa zochotsa utoto wakale, mapepala apamwamba ndi ma depositi ena. Chopukuta cha katatu chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ming’alu yaing’ono ndi ming’alu, komanso pali mawonekedwe amakona anayi, oval ndi trapezoidal.
Matsamba ndi maziko: spatula ndi scraper amakankhira kutali ndi thupi, ndi malo okhazikika komanso chitetezo cha maso. Musanapale, muyenera kuyang’ana ngati zokutira kapena gawo lapansi lili ndi lead, asibesitosi kapena zinthu zina zowopsa.
Zidebe, makola ndi zotengera
Zidebe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera ndi kusunga utoto. Zolemba zakale zimatchula zidebe zapulasitiki zosachepera ziwiri komanso kuthekera kogwiritsa ntchito zopaka utoto kuyambira 25 mpaka 30 kilograms. Machubu osaya amagwiritsidwa ntchito podzigudubuza, ndipo zosefera ma mesh zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zokutira zikufunika kusefedwa.
Maburashi amasungidwa m’madzi kapena chosungunulira choyenera panthawi yopuma yayitali, kuti ulusiwo usakhale wopunduka. Kusankhidwa kwa chidebe chamadzimadzi ndi chotsekedwa kuyenera kutsata pepala lachitetezo; chosungunulira choyaka moto sichisiyidwa chotsegula kapena chosadziwika.
Burashi yonyowa imagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsuka makoma kapena kunyowetsa pamwamba musananyowe. Masiponji amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeretsa ndi kuchotsa utoto watsopano.
Putty, sandpaper ndi tepi yoteteza
Putty imasankhidwa molingana ndi gawo lapansi - khoma, matabwa kapena chitsulo - komanso malinga ndi ntchito yamkati kapena yakunja. Sandpaper imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa dzimbiri, kusanja ndi kusalaza zigawo za putty. Tepi yodzimatirira yokhayo imateteza pamwamba kuti isadonthe ndipo imachotsedwa malinga ndi malangizo okutikira.
Kupukuta mchenga ndi kukonzekera: kupukuta pa gwero ndi chitetezo choyenera cha kupuma ndizofunika kwambiri kuposa kusankha granulation yokha. Osapanga mchenga pa zokutira zakale zosadziwika kapena kupanga fumbi loyaka moto pafupi ndi komwe ukuyatsira.
Uza makina openta
Kuwunika kwakanthawi kumaphatikizapo mapampu amanja, zitini za aerosol, mfuti zamagetsi ndi makina a kompresa. Dongosolo laukadaulo limakhala ndi mfuti ndi kompresa yoyenera, pomwe zida zazing’ono zimatha kukhala zopanda thanki kapena kulumikizidwa kugalimoto ina.
Mfuti yamagetsi m’mawu ake imagwiritsa ntchito mpope yaying’ono ndi kulumikiza ku netiweki yakunyumba. Kuthamanga kocheperako akuti kumafuna utoto wocheperako bwino, pomwe mitundu yatsopano imapereka utsi wofananira komanso wosinthika.
Kupopera mankhwala kumayambitsa zoopsa zapadera: aerosol ndi nkhungu yabwino imawonjezera mpweya, kuyika khungu, ngozi yoyaka ndi kubalalikana kosalamulirika. Chida chovomerezeka kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, mpweya wabwino kapena utsi wodzipatulira, chopumira choyenera, choyika pansi chikaperekedwa, kuwongolera magwero oyatsira ndi chitetezo cha anthu ozungulira ndi malo amafunikira. Zipangizo zamagetsi ziyenera kufanana ndi malo ndi malonda.
Malemba oyambirira amatchula nitro-lacquer mu botolo la aerosol la 16 dkg. Monga momwe zinalili m’mbiri, kutentha kwa botolo 18–20 °C, mtunda wa 25–30 cm ndi chiwongolero chofananira chopingasa cha jeti pamalo oyimirira amanenedwa. Kuyamba kwa jet kumafufuzidwa koyamba pa pepala lotayirira, ndipo kusuntha kwa arcing kumafotokozedwa ngati chifukwa cha makulidwe osagwirizana (Chithunzi 3).
Figure 3 - mbiri yakale yowongolera jet ndi kuyang’ana kwa botolo la aerosol.
Mukachitidwe koyambirira, zokutira zimayikidwa mu ndime zoonda, ndi osachepera 5 mpakati pakati pa zigawo. Kuti mugwiritse ntchito zina zonse, kutembenuza botolo ndi 180° ndikusintha mutu kumafotokozedwa.
Botolo la 16 dkg m’mawu akuyerekezeredwa ndi 2,5 m2 pamwamba, ndi maola 12 kuti amalize kuyanika. Mukagwiritsidwa ntchito, amafotokozedwa kuti atembenuzire botolo pansi ndikusindikiza mwachidule mpaka mpweya wokha utatuluka, kenaka yeretsani malo ozungulira atomizer ndi ubweya wa thonje ndi woonda.
Malangizo amalebulo amafunikira: kutentha kwakale, katayanidwe, nthawi pakati pa makhoti, kuphimba, kuyanika ndi kuyeretsa sikuchitika konsekonse. Botolo la aerosol silimadulidwa, kutsegulidwa, kutenthedwa kapena kuponyedwa pamoto, ngakhale likuwoneka lopanda kanthu. Botolo lotsekeredwa kapena lotsekeka siliyesedwa mokakamiza ndikutayidwa monga momwe wopanga amafunira komanso malamulo akumaloko.
Makwerero ndi makwerero
Malembawa atchulanso ma scaffold ang’onoang’ono ogwirira ntchito pafupifupi 1 m kutalika ndi kuchenjeza kuti akuyenera kuikidwa molimba, makamaka akatalikitsidwa. Pamakwerero amiyendo iwiri komanso wamba, zinthu zowonjezera zimaperekedwa kuti zitheke kugwira ntchito momasuka komanso kuteteza mazenera.
Palibe njira yowongoleredwa: Mascaffolds samapachikidwa pamwamba pa wina ndi mnzake popanda dongosolo lopangidwira, ndipo palibe zomenyera, nsanja kapena zowonjezera zomwe sizinavomerezedwe ndi wopanga zimawonjezedwa pamakwerero. Thandizo, ngodya, maziko, kutseka, mphamvu zonyamula katundu ndi chitetezo cha kugwa zimafufuzidwa musanagwire ntchito. Pogwira ntchito yayitali kapena yam’mbali, nsanja yoyenera imagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Chida chogwirira ntchito pazithunzi
Upholstering ntchito m’mawu oyambirirawa ndi kuyika mapepala apamwamba, kusintha nsalu ndi mbali za mipando ya upholstered ndi zokutira pang’ono pansi. Scraper, spatula, trowel, lumo, mpeni wakuthwa, cholumikizira cholumikizira, chowongolera chitsulo, burashi ya glue, burashi yonyowa, burashi yosindikizira pazithunzi ndi chingwe chowongolera ndizofunikira.
Njira yogwira ntchito yayitali mokwanira ndiyothandiza. Mndandanda wa mbiri yakale wa zokwezera upholster umafotokozedwa ndi miyeso yosasinthika pafupifupi 2 m × 0,5 m, ndipo ikakulungidwa imatenga malo ochepa.
Amatchulidwanso ndi pliers zazikulu zokhala ndi zotanuka zogwirizira kumapeto kumtunda kwa wallpaper ndi mpeni wa “Stanley” wokhala ndi tsamba lalifupi lotha kusintha la mapepala, makatoni, veneer, plywood woonda, zikopa ndi zokutira pansi.
Mpeni, zomatira ndi gawo laling’ono lakale: tsamba limawongoleredwa motsatira kalozera wolimba komanso kutali ndi thupi, ndipo zowoneka bwino kapena zowonongeka zimasinthidwa nthawi yomweyo. Guluu amasankhidwa malinga ndi wallpaper ndi gawo lapansi. Musanachotse chinsalu chakale, muyenera kuyang’ana chinyezi, nkhungu ndi zinthu zoopsa zomwe zingatheke, ndikupatula socket ndi ma switch amagetsi.