Ugcino olusebenzayo lomxholo: inqaku ligcina inkcazo yembali yokupeyinta, ukupeyinta kunye nezixhobo zokuhlobisa. Akusiyo isikhokelo esihlaziyiweyo sokukhetha i-coating, ukusebenza ngeekhemikhali, ukutshiza, ukusebenza ngokuphakama okanye ukususa ipeyinti endala. Ngaphambi komsebenzi, kufuneka uchonge i-substrate kunye neengubo, funda i-data sheet yobugcisa kunye nokhuseleko, khangela ukungena komoya kunye nokhuseleko lomntu oluyimfuneko. Iingubo ezindala, i-mortar kunye ne-insulation ingaba nezinto ezinobungozi; indawo engaziwayo ayigalelwa, ikhuthulwe, ifudunyezwe okanye itshizwe ngaphandle kovavanyo lweengcali.
Namhlanje, i-Savo Kusić igxile kwi ifestile zomthi, iifestile zomthi-aluminiyam, iifestile zesiko, umnyango kunye nezicelo zekoteyishini. Eli nqaku lihlala liyindawo yokugcinwa kwembali kwaye alibonisi isibonelelo sokupeyinta, ukupeyinta okanye umsebenzi we-upholstery.
Izixhobo zokupeyinta kunye nokupeyinta azahlukanga kakhulu. Ukuba zicocwe ngononophelo ngendlela ehambelana nokwaleka okuthe ngqo, isixhobo esinye singasetyenziselwa iinjongo ezahlukeneyo.
Iibrashi zokupeyinta
I-bristles okanye i-bristles ye-brush ivame ukudibaniswa kwisibambo kunye nentsimbi. Umbhalo wokuqala uchaza iibrashi zeenwele zehagu njengowona mgangatho ugqwesileyo, ukhaphukhaphu ngokuqina kwaye ube mnyama kwiibhrashi ezithambileyo, ngelixa imicu eyenziweyo ichazwa njengokumelana ngakumbi, kodwa ngesiphumo esibuthathaka. Luvavanyo lwembali; ukhetho lwanamhlanje lwefayibha kufuneka luhambelane nohlobo lokutyabeka kunye nemiyalelo yomenzi wayo.
Iibhrashi zinokuba luxande, zingqukuva, zimbhoxo okanye zibe flat. I-brush enkulu ye-rectangular ikhethwa ngokomsebenzi: encinci yeoli okanye iipeyinti zokwenziwa, i-medium-based-coatings yamanzi, kunye nenkulu ye-lime kunye ne-tempera. Umbhalo uthi 14 × 4 iisentimitha njengomlinganiselo ophakathi, olungele umaleko wokuqala kunye nokungena kwengubo kwiipores kunye nokungalingani.
Iibhulashi ezijikelezayo ziveliswa ngobukhulu obuhlukeneyo kwaye zisetyenziselwa ukugqiba iileyile kwindawo elungiselelwe. Umbhalo wembali unxulumanisa iibhrashi ezinzima kwiipeyinti ezenziweyo kunye nezityebileyo, kwaye ezo zithambileyo kwi-enamels kunye ne-nitrocellulose lacquers. Kwimigangatho emikhulu, izifakelo ukusuka 30 × 45 ukuya 45 × 60 mimitha zichaziwe.
Iibhrashi ezimcaba zenzelwe umphezulu osicaba. Obona bubanzi bukhankanywe rhoqo busuka ku-4 ukuya 8 centimeters, kunye neefibers ezinzima okanye ezithambileyo. Inzuzo yabo kwisicatshulwa kukusetyenziswa ngakumbi kwengubo.
Ibrashi yeeradiyetha ithe tyaba, inomqheba omde we40ukuya50iisentimitha kunye nokugoba okufanelekileyo kwi-engile yasekunene. Yenzelwe iindawo ezinzima ukufikelela kuzo ii-radiator kunye nezinto ezifanayo. Ibrashi enesiphatho esigobileyo kunye neentsinga ezicwangciswe njengerola nazo zikhankanyiwe.
Iibhrashi ezikhethekileyo zisetyenziselwa ukuzoba, iipateni, ukupeyintwa kobugcisa kunye neminye imisebenzi ethile. I-Scheiben-brush ikwisicatshulwa sembali ibrashi yomthi eyenziwe ngeenwele; ngenxa yobunzima kunye nobukhulu, inombolo yebrashi 5 isoloko icacisiwe. Ibrashi esetyenzisiweyo ichazwa njengesixhobo sokuhlamba ipeyinti kunye nezitya, ngelixa entsha isetyenziselwa isepha ukunxiba iziphelo zefiber kancinci. Iindawo zokumanzisa ngeoli ye-linseed nazo zikhankanyiwe.
Kwimeko yebrashi ejikelezayo, inxalenye yeenwele inokubotshwa ngomtya, kwaye inxalenye yamahhala ingashiywa kunye nobude be-4–5 cm. Ibrashi enjalo ichazwa kwincam yeengcango, iifestile, iikona kunye neekona (umfanekiso 1, inxalenye 1).
Ibrashi encinci, “ingonyama”, ingaba sicaba okanye ingqukuva. Ngomsebenzi wamaxesha athile, umthombo uxela ibrashi ecaba enobubanzi obungu-2–10 cm (umfanekiso 1, inxalenye 3).
Umfanekiso 1 — imizekelo yeebrashi kunye nendlela yokuzisebenzisa.
Ukulungelelaniswa kweengubo zeoli, abasasaza abaneenwele ezicolekileyo zikhankanyiwe, zilungele ukulinganisa iindawo ezinzima kunye nezingalinganiyo kunye nokusebenzisa i-lacquers (umfanekiso 1, inxalenye 2).
**Iifayibha, i-solvents kunye nokucoca: ** i-brush ikhethwe ngokwengubo ethile. I-Nitrocellulose, ioli kunye nezinye iimveliso zokunyibilikisa zinokutsha kwaye zibe yingozi ngokuphefumla. Iibrashi azihlanjwa kwizikhongozeli zokutya, kwaye isinyibiliki senkunkuma, amanzi okuhlamba kunye namalaphu alahlwa ngokwemiyalelo yemveliso kunye nemimiselo yendawo.
Iibrashi eziphuculwe ngokwembali
Isicatshulwa sichaza ukwenziwa kwebrashi yesipontshi esishinyeneyo esenziweyo, iglu, isikere, incakuba kunye nomphini omdala. Isiponji sifakwe kwisibambi sentsimbi esicociweyo okanye isiphatho sisongelwe ngephepha elomeleleyo okanye iteyiphu, emva koko sincamathele kwaye sifinyelelwe.
Izixhobo zesiponji zikwakhankanyiwe kwisicatshulwa samachaphaza okuhombisa, imigca yokugqiba kunye nokutsala ecaleni kwerula. Iteyiphu yesiponji inokuncanyathiselwa kwi-slat ecekethekileyo.
Ukusika kunye nokuncamathisela: Iraza, imela kunye nesikere zifuna umgangatho ozinzileyo, ukusika kude nomzimba kunye nokukhuselwa kwesandla. I-glue kunye nesiponji kufuneka ihambelane nepeyinti kunye ne-solvent; izixhobo eziphuculweyo ezinyibilikisa, ezahlulayo okanye ezishiya amasuntswana azisetyenziswa.
Umgca wokuzoba iibrashi kumbhalo wemvelaphi yenza imigca yobubanzi 0,5–3 cm kwaye ube nomqheba omde (umfanekiso 2).
Umfanekiso 2 — iibrashi kunye nendlela yembali yokuzoba imigca ethe ngqo.
Ibhotile yeplastiki enomtya wesipontshi okanye ivakale kwindawo yokuvula ichazwa njengolunye uncedo lwembali. Kwisicatshulwa, icandelo lomgca linikezelwa 8 × 8 cm, ubude 3 cm, isibini kwisithathu somtya kwibhotile, kwaye malunga 1/2 cm ngaphandle. Ibhotile enombala wenkozo ibanjwe ngokuthe tye kwaye icinezelwe kancinane.
**Musa ukwenza isitya soxinzelelo: ** ibhotile ephuculweyo isetyenziselwa kuphela ukuba izinto eziphathekayo zihambelana neekhemikhali, ngaphandle koxinzelelo kunye nokuvalwa okukhuselekileyo. Ukutya okanye ukupakishwa kwezithambiso akusetyenziselwa ukugcina ipeyinti njengoko kunokukhokelela ekusebenziseni kakubi.
Iibrashi zokucoca
Iibhrashi zentsimbi kwisicatshulwa zisetyenziselwa ukususa irusi kunye neediphozithi kwintsimbi, kunye nemicu ethambileyo yokucoca kunye nokuhlamba iindonga kunye nomsebenzi womthi. Ezinye iibrashi zinokufakelwa ngomqheba omde.
Uthuli nomphezulu omdala: ibrashi yentsimbi inokulahla iingcingo kwaye yenze uthuli oluyingozi. Ukukhuselwa kwamehlo, ukhuseleko olufanelekileyo lokuphefumla kunye nokuqokelelwa kwenkunkuma elawulwayo kuyafuneka. Musa ukuyisebenzisa kwisambatho esidala esingaziwayo ngaphandle kokuvavanya.
Iirola kunye neetamponi
Isicatshulwa sezembali sichaza iirola zokuhombisa irabha ezinendawo yokugcina amanzi, kunye ne-synthetic fiber “teddy” roller ngaphandle kwendawo yokugcina amanzi. Ukutsalwa ngokuthe ngqo kufuna amava kunye nokuxhomekeka kwisikhokelo esibonakalayo esifana nomnyango okanye ikona.
Ukugcina i-roller ehlanjiweyo kwi-glycerine kunye nokuyigcwalisa kwi-container ephuculweyo zikhankanywe njengeenkqubo zakudala. Namhlanje, i-roller ihlanjwe, igcinwe kwaye isetyenziswe kuphela ngokohlobo lokutya kunye nemiyalelo yomenzi; Sukusebenzisa izitya ezilungiselelwe ukutya okanye inkunkuma.
Ii-Rollers zinokubeka endaweni yeebrashi kwiindonga, iisilingi kunye neendawo ezinkulu ezisicaba. Kwisicatshulwa, iinwele ezinde zidibene ne-tempera kunye ne-lime, eziphakathi kunye nemibala enamafutha kunye nemnyama, kunye nefutshane kunye nokuguqulwa kokugqibela phezu kwendawo ene-lacquered. Obona bude buxeliweyo berola bumalunga ne 20 yeesentimitha. Umnatha wesinyithi okanye ibhafu isetyenziselwa ukususa ipeyinti egqithisileyo, ngelixa irabha ekroliweyo inika ipateni.
Tampon yinkxaso yoxande kunye ne-synthetic foam kunye nelaphu le-mohair. Yenzelwe indawo ezisicaba, ezigudileyo okanye ezirhabaxa ngokuphakathi. Izithinteli ezinkulu zisetyenziselwa iindonga kunye neesilingi, eziphakathi kwiindawo ezincinci, kunye ezincinci kwiifreyimu kunye neendawo ezimxinwa. Izikhokelo kunye noonogada abaphuphumayo bakhankanyiwe.
**Ukusebenza ngaphezu komgangatho: ** umendo othe nkqo we-roller akusona isizathu sokwandisa ukusuka phezulu kwinqanaba. Iqonga elizinzileyo okanye isibambo esongezelelweyo esivunyiweyo kwisixhobo sisetyenziswa. Sukuma kwiingcingo ezithintelweyo kwaye ushukumise inkxaso ngelixa umntu ekuyo.
Irhasi okanye isibane sepetroli
Umbhalo wokuqala uchaza ilangatye elibanzi lesibane elisetyenziselwa ukufudumeza ipeyinti endala de ithambe, emva koko isuswe nge-spatula okanye i-scraper. Kucetyiswa ukuba uhlale uhambisa ilangatye ukwenzela ukuba i-substrate ingagqithisi.
Le nkqubo yembali ayisosikhokelo esikhuselekileyo: umlilo ovulekileyo kwipeyinti endala unokubangela umlilo, uvuthe uthuli olufihlakeleyo okanye umngxuma kwaye ukhuphe iigesi ezinetyhefu. Umbala ongaziwayo awutshisi. Ukususa i-coating, indlela ikhethwa kumaxwebhu obugcisa emva kokuvavanya i-substrate, kunye nokulawula uthuli, umoya kunye nemilinganiselo yokukhusela umlilo.
Iispatula, iispatula kunye nescrapers
I-Spatula ngamashiti ensimbi aguquguqukayo okusebenzisa i-putty kunye nemingxuma yokulinganisa kunye nokuqhekeka. I-spatulas zaseJapan kwisicatshulwa malunga 12 iisentimitha ubude kwaye 2 ukuya 12 iisentimitha ububanzi. Kwimisebenzi yokupeyinta, i-spatula eguquguqukayo enobubanzi be-8–12 cm.
Ii-scrapers zilukhuni kwaye zibukhali iishiti zetsimbi zokususa ipeyinti endala, iphepha lodonga kunye nezinye iidiphozithi. I-scraper engunxantathu isetyenziselwa ukuvuleka okuncinci kunye neentanda, kwaye kukho iimilo ezixande, ezimbhoxo kunye nezetrapezoidal.
**Amacwecwe kunye nesiseko: ** i-spatula kunye ne-scraper zityhalwa kude nomzimba, kunye nomgangatho ozinzileyo kunye nokukhuselwa kwamehlo. Ngaphambi kokukrazula, kufuneka uhlolisise ukuba i-coating okanye i-substrate iqukethe i-lead, i-asbestos okanye ezinye izinto ezinobungozi.
Iibhakethi, ii-colander kunye nezikhongozeli
Amabhakethi asetyenziselwa ukulungisa nokugcina ipeyinti. Umbhalo wembali ukhankanya ubuncinane iibhakethi ezimbini zeplastiki kunye nokwenzeka kokusebenzisa ukupakishwa kwepeyinti ukusuka ku-25 ukuya ku-30 iikhilogram. Iityhubhu ezingenzulwanga zisetyenziselwa irola, kwaye izihluzi zemesh zisetyenziswa xa isaleko sifuna ukuhluzwa.
Iibhulashi zigcinwa zimiswe emanzini okanye i-solvent efanelekileyo ngexesha lekhefu elide ekusebenzeni, ukwenzela ukuba iifibers zingasebenzi. Ukukhethwa kwesikhongozeli esingamanzi kunye nesivaliweyo kufuneka sihambelane nephepha ledatha yokhuseleko; isinyibilikisi esinokutsha asishiywa sivuliwe okanye singaphawulwanga.
Ibrashi yokumanzisa isetyenziselwa ukuhlamba iindonga okanye ukumanzisa umphezulu phambi kokukhuhla okumanzi. Iziponji zisetyenziselwa ukucoca nokususa ipeyinti entsha.
Iputty, sandpaper kunye neteyiphu yokukhusela
I-putty ikhethwe ngokwe-substrate - udonga, ukhuni okanye isinyithi - kwaye ngokuhambelana nesicelo sangaphakathi okanye sangaphandle. I-sandpaper isetyenziselwa ukususa umhlwa ongaphezulu, ukulinganisa kunye nokugudisa i-putty layers. Iteyiphu yecrepe ezincamathelayo ikhusela umphezulu ekuthontsizeni kwaye isuswe ngokwemiyalelo yokugquma.
**I-Sanding kunye nokulungiselela: ** ukucoca kumthombo kunye nokukhusela okufanelekileyo kokuphefumla kubaluleke kakhulu kunokukhethwa kwegranulation ngokwayo. Musa ukwenza isanti isambatho esidala esingaziwayo okanye wenze uthuli olunokutsha kufutshane nemithombo yokutshisa.
Tshaza oomatshini bokupeyinta
Ujongo lwembali lubandakanya iimpompo zesandla, iitoti ze-aerosol, imipu yombane kunye neenkqubo zokuxilisa. Inkqubo yobuchwephesha ibandakanya umpu kunye necompressor efanelekileyo, ngelixa izixhobo ezincinci zingabinayo itanki okanye ziqhagamshelwe kwenye idrayivu.
Umpu wombane kwisicatshulwa usebenzisa ipompo encinci kunye nokudibanisa kwinethiwekhi yasekhaya. Uxinzelelo olulinganiselweyo kuthiwa lufuna ipeyinti ecuthwe ngokufanelekileyo, ngelixa iimodeli ezintsha zinika isitshizi esifanayo nesilungelelanisiweyo.
Ukutshiza kwazisa iingozi ezikhethekileyo: i-aerosol kunye nenkungu ecolekileyo yonyusa ukuphefumla, ukubekwa kwesikhumba, ubungozi bokutshisa kunye nokusasazeka okungalawulekiyo. Imveliso evunyiweyo yokutshiza, ukungena komoya okanye ukukhupha umoya ozinikeleyo, isiphefumlo esifanelekileyo, isiseko xa simiselwe, ulawulo lwemithombo yokutshisa kunye nokukhuselwa kwabantu abangqongileyo kunye nemigangatho iyafuneka. Isixhobo sombane kufuneka sihambelane nendawo kunye nemveliso.
Umbhalo wokuqala ukhankanya i-nitro-lacquer kwibhotile ye-aerosol ye-16 dkg. Njengeemeko zembali, ukushisa kwebhotile 18–20 °C, umgama we-25–30 cm kunye nesikhokelo esithe tye esihambelanayo sejethi kumphezulu othe nkqo. Ukuqala kwejethi kuqala kuhlolwe kwiphepha lenkunkuma, kwaye ukunyakaza kwe-arcing kuchazwa njengembangela yobunzima obungalinganiyo (Umfanekiso 3)
Figure 3 — imbono yembali yejethi yesikhokelo kunye nokujonga ibhotile yeaerosol.
Kwinkqubo yokuqala, i-coating isetyenziswe kwiipaseji ezincinci, ubuncinane 5 min phakathi kweengqimba. Ukusebenzisa okuseleyo, ukujika ibhotile ngo-180° kunye nokulungiswa kwentloko kuchaziwe.
Ibhotile 16 dkg kumbhalo uqikelelwa malunga 2,5 m2 umphezulu, kunye 12 iiyure ukugqiba ukomisa. Emva kokusetyenziswa, kuchazwa ukuguqula ibhotile ezantsi kwaye ucinezele ngokufutshane kude kube kuphela igesi ephumayo, uze uhlambulule indawo ejikeleze i-atomizer nge-cotton wool kunye ne-thinner.
Imiyalelo yelebhile ithatha indawo yokuqala: amaqondo obushushu embali, isithuba, ixesha phakathi kweedyasi, ukugqunywa, ukumisa kunye neenkqubo zokucoca azikho jikelele. Ibhotile ye-aerosol ayigqojozwa, ivuliwe, ishushu okanye iphoswe emlilweni, nangona ibonakala ingenanto. Ibhotile ebotshelelweyo okanye eqhiwukileyo ayivavanywa ngenkani kwaye ilahlwe njengoko kufunwa ngumvelisi kunye nemimiselo yendawo.
I-scaffolding kunye neeleli
Isicatshulwa sikhankanya izikafula ezisebenzayo malunga 1 m ngobude kwaye ilumkisa ukuba kufuneka zibekwe ngokuqinileyo, ngakumbi xa zandisiwe. Kwieleri ezinemilenze emibini kunye neziqhelekileyo, izinto ezongezelelweyo ziyacetyiswa ngomsebenzi okhululekileyo kunye nokhuseleko lwefestile.
Akukho ndlela ephuculweyo: I-scaffolds ayipakishwanga phezu komnye ngaphandle kwenkqubo eyiliweyo, kwaye akukho battens, amaqonga okanye izandiso ezingavunywanga ngumenzi zongezwa kwileli. Inkxaso, i-angle, isiseko, ukuvala, umthamo womthwalo kunye nokukhuselwa kokuwa kuhlolwe ngaphambi kokusebenza. Umsebenzi omde okanye osecaleni, iqonga elifanelekileyo lisetyenziswa.
Isixhobo somsebenzi wephepha lodonga
Upholstering imisebenzi kwisicatshulwa sokuqala ibandakanya ukufakwa kwephepha lodonga, ukutshintsha ilaphu kunye neengxenye zefenitshala ephakanyisiweyo kunye nokugubungela inxalenye yomgangatho. Isikreyi, iskhafula, itrowel, isikere, imela ebukhali, irola edibeneyo, irula yentsimbi, ibrashi yeglu, ibrashi emanzisa amanzi, ibhrashi yokucinezela iphepha lodonga kunye nentambo yokulinganisa iyafuneka.
Umphezulu wokusebenza omde ngokwaneleyo uluncedo. Itheyibhile yembali yee-upholsterers ichazwa ngemilinganiselo evuliweyo malunga ne-2 m × 0,5 m, kwaye xa isongiwe ithatha indawo encinci.
Kwakhona kukhankanyiwe ziipliers ezibanzi ezinelastiki yokubamba ukubamba isiphelo esiphezulu sephepha lodonga kunye nemela “Stanley” enencakuba emfutshane enokutshintshwa yephepha, ikhadibhodi, iveneer, iiplali ezibhityileyo, isikhumba kunye nesigqubuthelo somgangatho.
Imela, iglu kunye ne-substrate endala: i-blade ikhokelwa kunye nesikhokelo esiqinileyo kwaye kude nomzimba, kwaye ezonakalisiweyo okanye ezonakalisiweyo zitshintshwa ngokukhawuleza. Iglue ikhethwa ngokwephepha lodonga kunye ne-substrate. Phambi kokuba ususe ucweyo oludala, kufuneka ujonge ukufuma, ukungunda kunye nezinto ezinokuba yingozi, kwaye ubeke bucala ngokukhuselekileyo iisokethi zombane kunye nezitshixo.