** Archival tswv yim cov ntsiab lus:** tsab xov xwm khaws cov keeb kwm txheej txheem ntawm painting, painting thiab upholstery cuab yeej. Nws tsis yog ib qho kev qhia tshiab rau kev xaiv cov txheej txheem, ua haujlwm nrog cov tshuaj, tshuaj tsuag, ua haujlwm ntawm qhov siab lossis tshem tawm cov xim qub. Ua ntej ua haujlwm, koj yuav tsum txheeb xyuas cov substrate thiab txheej txheej, nyeem cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog kev nyab xeeb thiab kev nyab xeeb, tshawb xyuas qhov cua thiab kev tiv thaiv tus kheej tsim nyog. Cov txheej qub, tshuaj khib thiab rwb thaiv tsev tuaj yeem muaj cov khoom phom sij; ib qho chaw tsis paub yog tsis sanded, scraped, rhuab los yog sprayed yam tsis muaj kev ntsuam xyuas.
Hnub no, Savo Kusić tau tsom mus rau qhov rais ntoo, wood-aluminium Qhov rais, kev cai Qhov rais, qhov rooj thiab thov lus hais. Cov kab lus no tseem yog cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm keeb kwm thiab tsis sawv cev rau kev kos duab, pleev xim lossis ua haujlwm upholstery.
Painting thiab painting cov cuab yeej tsis txawv ntau. Yog tias lawv tau ua tib zoo ntxuav hauv txoj kev uas haum rau cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb, tib lub cuab yeej siv tau rau ntau lub hom phiaj.
Paint Brushes
Cov bristles los yog bristles ntawm txhuam feem ntau yog txuas rau tus kov nrog ib tug hlau haum. Cov ntawv qub piav qhia cov plaub hau txhuam hniav yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws, sib zog rau cov tawv tawv thiab tsaus rau cov txhuam hniav, thaum cov khoom siv fiber ntau tau piav qhia tias muaj kev tiv thaiv ntau dua, tab sis nrog qhov tsis muaj zog. Nws yog qhov kev ntsuam xyuas keeb kwm; Niaj hnub no qhov kev xaiv ntawm fiber ntau yuav tsum tau raws li hom txheej thiab nws cov chaw tsim khoom cov lus qhia.
Txhuam txhuam tuaj yeem ua plaub, puag ncig, oval lossis tiaj tus. Ib qho txhuam plaub hau loj yog xaiv raws li txoj haujlwm: ib qho me me rau cov roj los yog cov xim hluavtaws, ib qho nruab nrab rau cov txheej txheem dej, thiab ib qho loj rau cov txiv qaub thiab tempera. Cov ntawv sau hais tias 14 × 4 centimeters raws li qhov ntsuas nruab nrab, haum rau thawj txheej thiab nkag mus rau txheej txheej rau hauv qhov hws thiab tsis sib xws.
Round txhuam yog tsim nyob rau hauv ntau qhov sib txawv thiab siv los ua kom tiav cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm qhov chaw npaj. Cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm hais txog cov txhuam tawv tawv rau cov xim hluavtaws thiab roj, thiab cov softer rau cov enamels thiab nitrocellulose lacquers. Rau qhov loj dua, fittings los ntawm 30 × 45 mus rau 45 × 60 mmeters yog teev.
Cov txhuam txhuam txhuam yog npaj rau qhov chaw tiaj tus. Feem ntau hais txog qhov dav yog los ntawm 4 mus rau 8 centimeters, nrog cov tawv tawv lossis mos fibers. Lawv qhov zoo ntawm cov ntawv nyeem yog ib qho kev siv ntau dua ntawm cov txheej.
Txhuam rau radiators yog tiaj tus, nrog ib tug ntev kov40rau50centimeters thiab nrog ib tug haum khoov ntawm ib tug txoj cai kaum. Nws yog npaj rau qhov nyuaj-mus cuag qhov chaw ntawm radiators thiab cov khoom zoo sib xws. Ib qho txhuam nrog khoov kov thiab cov fibers txheej zoo li cov menyuam kuj tau hais.
Cov txhuam tshwj xeeb yog siv rau kev kos duab, qauv, kos duab kos duab thiab lwm yam haujlwm tshwj xeeb. Scheiben- txhuam yog nyob rau hauv cov ntawv keeb kwm ib tug ntoo txhuam ua los ntawm cov plaub hau; vim qhov loj thiab loj, txhuam tus lej 5 feem ntau tau teev tseg. Ib qho txhuam siv tau piav qhia tias yog ib qho cuab yeej rau ntxuav cov xim thiab cov tais diav, thaum ib qho tshiab yog thawj zaug siv rau xab npum los hnav qhov kawg ntawm cov fibers me ntsis. Soaking qhov chaw nrog cov roj linseed kuj tau hais.
Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm ib puag ncig txhuam, ib feem ntawm cov plaub hau tuaj yeem khi nrog ib txoj hlua, thiab qhov dawb tuaj yeem sab laug nrog qhov ntev ntawm 4–5 cm. Cov txhuam hniav zoo li no tau piav qhia rau cov npoo ntawm lub qhov rooj, qhov rais, cov ces kaum thiab cov ces kaum (daim duab 1, ntu 1).
Ib txhuam me me, “lioner”, tuaj yeem tiaj tus lossis puag ncig. Rau qee lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, qhov chaw qhia cov txhuam hniav tiaj tus nrog qhov dav ntawm 2–10 cm (daim duab 1, ntu 3).
Duab 1 - piv txwv ntawm txhuam thiab siv lawv li cas.
Rau qhov smoothing ntawm cov roj coatings, cov ntaub ntawv nrog cov plaub hau zoo dua tau hais, haum rau qib tawv thiab tsis sib xws thiab siv lacquers (daim duab 1, ntu 2).
Fibers, kuab tshuaj thiab tu: txhuam yog xaiv raws li cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb. Nitrocellulose, roj thiab lwm yam khoom hnyav tuaj yeem ua rau kub hnyiab tau thiab tsim kev puas tsuaj los ntawm kev nqus pa. Cov txhuam hniav tsis raug ntxuav hauv cov thawv ntim khoom noj, thiab cov kuab tshuaj pov tseg, ntxuav cov dej thiab cov ntaub ntawv pov tseg raws li cov lus qhia thiab cov kev cai hauv zos.
keeb kwm improvised txhuam
Cov ntawv nyeem piav qhia txog kev ua cov txhuam hniav los ntawm daim txhuam cev tuab tuab, kua nplaum, txiab, rab chais thiab ib qho qub kov. Daim txhuam cev yog muab tso rau hauv ib lub hnab yas huv los yog tus kov yog qhwv nrog cov ntawv muaj zog los yog daim kab xev, tom qab ntawd glued thiab luv luv.
Sponge cov cuab yeej kuj tau hais nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem rau cov dots, xov kab thiab txawm dragging raws tus kav. Daim txhuam cev daim kab xev tuaj yeem ua rau cov slats nyias.
** Txiav thiab gluing: ** Razor, riam thiab txiab yuav tsum muaj qhov ruaj khov, txiav tawm ntawm lub cev thiab tiv thaiv tes. Cov kua nplaum thiab daim txhuam cev yuav tsum sib haum nrog cov xim thiab hnyav; Cov cuab yeej improvised uas yaj, cais lossis tawm cov khoom tsis raug siv.
Cov kab kos duab txhuam nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem ua kab dav 0,5–3 cm thiab muaj tus kov ntev (duab 2).
Image 2 - txhuam thiab keeb kwm ntawm kev kos kab ncaj nraim.
Ib lub raj mis yas nrog ib daim txhuam cev los yog xav tau hauv qhov qhib tau piav qhia tias yog lwm qhov kev pab cuam keeb kwm. Nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem, seem ntawm lub strip yog muab raws li 8 × 8 cm, qhov ntev 3 cm, ob feem peb ntawm lub strip hauv lub raj mis, thiab txog 1/2 cm sab nraum. Lub raj mis nrog cov xim nplej yog tuav kab rov tav thiab nias me ntsis.
Tsis txhob ua lub nkoj siab: lub raj mis improvised tsuas yog siv yog tias cov khoom siv tshuaj sib xws, tsis muaj qhov siab thiab kaw kom ruaj ntseg. Khoom noj khoom haus lossis ntim tshuaj pleev ib ce tsis siv los khaws cov xim vim nws yuav ua rau siv tsis raug.
Ntxuav txhuam
Hlau txhuam hauv cov ntawv nyeem yog siv los tshem tawm cov xeb thiab cov deposits los ntawm cov hlau, thiab cov fibers softer rau kev ntxuav thiab ntxuav ntawm phab ntsa thiab ntoo. Qee cov txhuam hniav tuaj yeem haum nrog tus kov ntev.
** Plua plav thiab qub nto: ** steel txhuam tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov xov hlau thiab tsim cov plua plav txaus ntshai. Kev tiv thaiv qhov muag, kev tiv thaiv ua pa tsim nyog thiab kev tswj cov khib nyiab pov tseg yog xav tau. Tsis txhob siv nws ntawm cov txheej txheem qub uas tsis paub txog yam tsis tau sim.
Rollers thiab tampons
Cov ntawv keeb kwm piav qhia txog cov roj hmab embossing rollers nrog cov qauv reservoir, nrog rau cov khoom siv hluavtaws “teddy” cov menyuam uas tsis muaj lub pas dej. Kev rub ncaj nraim yuav tsum muaj kev paub dhau los thiab kev cia siab ntawm cov lus qhia pom xws li lub qhov rooj lossis kaum.
Khaws cov menyuam ntxuav hauv glycerine thiab sau los ntawm lub thawv improvised yog hais raws li cov txheej txheem qub. Niaj hnub no, cov menyuam yaus yog ntxuav, khaws cia thiab rov siv dua tsuas yog raws li hom txheej thiab cov chaw tsim khoom cov lus qhia; Tsis txhob siv cov thawv rau zaub mov lossis pov tseg.
Rollers tuaj yeem hloov txhuam ntawm phab ntsa, qab nthab thiab qhov chaw tiaj tus loj dua. Nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem, cov plaub hau ntev yog txuam nrog tempera thiab txiv qaub, qhov nruab nrab nrog oily thiab tsaus xim, thiab lub luv luv nrog rau qhov kawg hloov mus rau lacquered nto. Qhov feem ntau teev cov menyuam ntev yog li 20 centimeters. Cov hlau mesh lossis tub yog siv los tshem tawm cov xim ntau dhau, thaum cov roj hmab embossed muab cov qauv.
Tampon yog ib qho kev txhawb nqa nrog cov hluavtaws ua npuas ncauj thiab mohair ntaub. Nws yog npaj rau lub tiaj tus, du los yog nruab nrab ntxhib nto. Cov buffers loj yog siv rau cov phab ntsa thiab qab nthab, nruab nrab rau cov cheeb tsam me me, thiab me me rau cov ncej thiab qhov nqaim. Cov lus qhia thiab cov neeg tiv thaiv dhau los tau hais.
** Ua hauj lwm saum toj no hauv pem teb:** txoj kev ntsug ntawm cov menyuam tsis yog vim li cas thiaj li txuas mus rau saum tus ntaiv. Lub platform ruaj khov lossis txuas txuas ntxiv tau pom zoo rau cov cuab yeej siv. Tsis txhob sawv ntawm qhov txwv tsis pub khiav thiab tsis txhob txav kev txhawb nqa thaum tus neeg nyob ntawm nws.
Gas lossis roj av teeb
Cov ntawv qub piav txog cov nplaim taws dav siv los ua kom cov xim qub kom sov kom txog thaum nws softens, ces muab tshem tawm nrog lub spatula lossis scraper. Nws raug nquahu kom txav cov nplaim taws tas li kom lub substrate tsis overheat.
** Cov txheej txheem keeb kwm no tsis yog cov lus qhia muaj kev nyab xeeb: ** qhib nplaim taws ntawm cov xim qub tuaj yeem ua rau hluav taws kub hnyiab, ua rau cov plua plav zais los yog kab noj hniav thiab tso cov pa phem. Tsis paub xim tsis kub. Txhawm rau tshem tawm cov txheej txheem, ib txoj kev raug xaiv los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kev tshaj lij tom qab kuaj lub substrate, nrog kev tswj cov plua plav, qhov cua thiab kev tiv thaiv hluav taws.
Spatulas, spatulas thiab scrapers
Spatulas yog cov ntaub ntawv hloov tau yooj yim rau kev siv cov putty thiab leveling qhov thiab tawg. Japanese spatulas nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem yog hais txog 12 centimeters ntev thiab 2 rau 12 centimeters dav. Rau kev pleev xim ua haujlwm, lub spatula hloov tau nrog qhov dav ntawm 8–12 cm.
Scrapers yog cov ntaub ntawv nyuaj thiab ntse dua rau tshem tawm cov xim qub, phab ntsa thiab lwm yam tso nyiaj. Daim duab peb sab yog siv rau qhov qhib me me thiab tawg, thiab tseem muaj cov duab plaub, oval thiab trapezoidal.
** Hniav thiab lub hauv paus: ** spatula thiab scraper raug thawb tawm ntawm lub cev, nrog rau qhov chaw ruaj khov thiab qhov muag tiv thaiv. Ua ntej scraping, koj yuav tsum xyuas seb lub txheej los yog substrate muaj cov hmoov lead, asbestos lossis lwm yam khoom txaus ntshai.
thoob, colanders thiab ntim
Cov thoob yog siv los npaj thiab khaws cov xim. Cov ntawv keeb kwm hais txog yam tsawg kawg ob lub thoob yas thiab muaj peev xwm siv cov xim ntim ntawm 25 mus rau 30 kilograms. Cov kais dej ntiav yog siv rau cov menyuam, thiab cov ntxaij lim dej yog siv thaum lub txheej yuav tsum tau lim.
Txhuam txhuam tau muab tso rau hauv dej lossis cov kuab tshuaj tsim nyog thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntev, kom cov fibers tsis deformed. Kev xaiv cov kua thiab kaw lub thawv yuav tsum ua raws li cov ntaub ntawv kev nyab xeeb; Cov kuab tshuaj flammable tsis qhib los yog tsis cim.
Wetting txhuam yog siv los ntxuav cov phab ntsa lossis ntub dej ua ntej ntub dej. Daim txhuam cev yog siv los ntxuav thiab tshem tawm cov xim tshiab.
Putty, sandpaper thiab tiv thaiv daim kab xev
Lub putty raug xaiv raws li cov substrate - phab ntsa, ntoo lossis hlau - thiab raws li kev thov sab hauv lossis sab nraud. Sandpaper yog siv los tshem tawm cov xeb, leveling thiab smoothing putty txheej. Self-adhesive crepe daim kab xev tiv thaiv qhov chaw los ntawm dripping thiab raug tshem tawm raws li cov lus qhia txheej.
Sanding thiab npaj: nqus ntawm qhov chaw thiab kev tiv thaiv ua pa uas tsim nyog yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj qhov kev xaiv ntawm granulation nws tus kheej. Tsis txhob xuab zeb cov txheej qub uas tsis paub los yog tsim cov plua plav flammable nyob ze ntawm qhov hluav taws kub.
Txau cov tshuab
Keeb kwm saib xyuas suav nrog cov twj siv tes, cov kaus poom aerosol, phom hluav taws xob thiab tshuab compressor. Cov txheej txheem kev tshaj lij muaj rab phom thiab lub tshuab ua kom haum, thaum cov khoom siv me me tuaj yeem tsis muaj lub tank lossis txuas nrog lwm tus tsav.
Cov phom hluav taws xob hauv cov ntawv nyeem siv lub twj tso kua mis me me thiab kev sib txuas rau lub network hauv tsev. Lub siab txwv tau hais tias yuav tsum tau ua kom cov xim pleev xim kom zoo, thaum cov qauv tshiab muab cov tshuaj tsuag ntau dua thiab kho tau.
Txaus qhia txog kev phom sij tshwj xeeb: aerosol thiab nplua pos huab ua rau kom nqus tau, tawv nqaij deposition, ignition hazard thiab uncontrolled dispersion. Cov khoom tau pom zoo rau kev txau, qhov cua lossis tso pa tawm, lub tshuab ua pa tsim nyog, kev cog lus hauv av thaum raug, tswj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab kev tiv thaiv cov neeg nyob ib puag ncig thiab qhov chaw. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yuav tsum sib haum rau thaj tsam thiab cov khoom.
Cov ntawv qub hais txog nitro-lacquer hauv lub raj mis aerosol ntawm 16 dkg. Raws li keeb kwm xwm txheej, lub raj mis kub 18–20 °C, qhov kev ncua deb ntawm 25–30 cm thiab cov lus qhia kab rov tav kab rov tav ntawm lub dav hlau nyob rau sab ntsug tau teev. Qhov pib ntawm lub dav hlau yog thawj zaug kuaj xyuas ntawm daim ntawv pov tseg, thiab qhov arcing txav tau piav qhia tias yog vim li cas ntawm qhov tsis sib xws (Daim duab 3).
Daim duab 3 - keeb kwm saib ntawm kev taw qhia dav hlau thiab tshuaj xyuas lub raj mis aerosol.
Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem qub, txheej txheej yog siv rau hauv cov ntawv nyias, nrog tsawg kawg 5 m nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov txheej. Txhawm rau siv qhov seem, tig lub raj mis los ntawm 180° thiab kho lub taub hau tau piav qhia.
Ib lub raj mis ntawm 16 dkg hauv cov ntawv yog kwv yees li ntawm 2,5 m2 nto, nrog 12 teev kom tiav ziab. Tom qab siv, nws tau piav qhia kom tig lub raj mis downwards thiab nias luv kom txog thaum tsuas yog cov pa tawm, tom qab ntawd ntxuav thaj chaw ib ncig ntawm lub atomizer nrog paj rwb ntaub plaub thiab nyias nyias.
Cov lus qhia daim ntawv lo ua ntej: keeb kwm kub, qhov sib nrug, lub sij hawm ntawm lub tsho tiv no, kev pab them nqi, ziab thiab tu cov txheej txheem tsis yog universal. Lub raj mis aerosol tsis yog punctured, qhib, rhuab los yog muab pov rau hauv hluav taws, txawm tias nws zoo nkaus li khoob. Lub raj mis corked lossis clotted tsis raug kuaj los ntawm kev quab yuam thiab muab pov tseg raws li qhov xav tau los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom thiab cov cai hauv zos.
Scaffolding thiab ntaiv
Cov ntawv nyeem hais txog cov haujlwm me me txog 1 m nyob rau hauv qhov siab thiab ceeb toom tias lawv yuav tsum tau muab tso rau ruaj khov, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum txuas ntxiv. Rau ob-legged thiab zoo tib yam ntaiv, ntxiv cov ntsiab lus tau pom zoo rau kev ua haujlwm zoo dua thiab kev tiv thaiv qhov rais.
** Tsis muaj txoj hauv kev improvised: ** Scaffolds tsis stacked nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm ib leeg yam tsis muaj ib tug tsim system, thiab tsis muaj battens, platforms los yog extensions tsis pom zoo los ntawm cov chaw tsim tshuaj paus yog ntxiv rau tus ntaiv. Kev them nyiaj yug, lub kaum sab xis, lub hauv paus, xauv, lub peev xwm thauj khoom thiab kev tiv thaiv lub caij nplooj zeeg raug kuaj ua ntej ua haujlwm. Rau kev ua haujlwm ntev lossis sab nraud, siv lub platform tsim nyog.
Cov cuab yeej rau phab ntsa ua haujlwm
Upholstering ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv thawj cov ntawv nyeem suav nrog kev teeb tsa ntawm phab ntsa, hloov cov ntaub thiab qhov chaw ntawm cov rooj tog zaum hauv pem teb thiab ib feem ntawm cov ntaub pua tsev. Scraper, spatula, trowel, txiab, riam ntse, sib koom ua ke cov menyuam, hlau kav, txhuam txhuam, txhuam txhuam, ntawv xovxwm txhuam thiab cov kav dej yog xav tau.
Ib qhov chaw ua haujlwm ntev txaus yog pab tau. Cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm rau upholsterers tau piav qhia txog qhov ntev ntawm 2 m × 0,5 m, thiab thaum folded nws siv qhov chaw me me.
Tsis tas li hais tias yog cov pliers dav nrog elastic grips rau tuav lub sab sauv kawg ntawm phab ntsa thiab ib tug “Stanley” riam nrog ib tug luv luv hloov hniav rau daim ntawv, cardboard, veneer, nyias plywood, tawv thiab pem teb npog.
** Riam, kua nplaum thiab qub substrate:** cov hniav yog coj raws li ib tug khoom qhia thiab deb ntawm lub cev, thiab npub los yog puas yuav hloov tam sim ntawd. Cov kua nplaum yog xaiv raws li lub wallpaper thiab substrate. Ua ntej tshem tawm cov qub hauv ob sab phlu, koj yuav tsum kuaj xyuas cov dej noo, pwm thiab cov khoom txaus ntshai, thiab cais cov qhov hluav taws xob thiab cov keyboards kom zoo.