Muhimmin Gargaɗi: Wannan rubutu ne na tarihi, ba ƙayyadaddun inji na yanzu ba, ƙimar haɗari ko juyawa da littafin niƙa. Samfura, gudu, girma, iko, kayan aiki, sassa masu juyawa, na’urorin kariya, samar da wutar lantarki da hanyoyin dole ne a duba su bisa ga ka’idoji masu dacewa, takaddun masana’anta da amintattun ka’idojin aiki.
Wannan rubutun ba tayin lathes bane, kayan aiki ko takaddun sabis na Savo Kusić. tayin na yanzu yana mai da hankali kan tagogi, kofofin da mafita masu alaƙa.
Lathes da siffofi na tarihi
Lathes an yi niyya don samar da sassa masu siffa daga itace, waɗanda ke da madaidaiciyar axis na geometric. An raba waɗannan lathes zuwa lathes na tsakiya tare da farantin shirin, lathes na gaba da kuma don aikin mashin ɗin na musamman.
Mahimman alamun fasaha na juya lathes sune tsayin spikes da nisa mafi girma a tsakanin su, mafi girman diamita na kashi wanda za’a iya sarrafa shi ta hanyar rami. A cikin kamfanoni na masana’antar gini don sarrafa itace, ana amfani da nau’in haske na TV-200 lathe tare da halaye masu zuwa:
- Tsayin lathe mai karu 200 mm
- Nisa tsakanin spikes 1500 mm
- Spindle RPM 250, 400, 1000 da 2500
- Mafi girman diamita na sinadaran da ake sarrafa:
- saman kafa 380 mm
- sama da babban ɓangaren tallafi 80 mm
- Hollowing waje 600 mm
Wannan lathe ɗin ya ƙunshi tushe, kai gaba da baya, injin lantarki da farantin tsari da tallafi.
Kayan aiki da lathes don bayanan bayanan zagaye
Kayan aikin lathe sune wukake, lathe chisel da bututu. Ana amfani da na farko don aiki mai tsauri na farko, na biyu kuma don sarrafawa mai kyau. Ana cikin juyawa, abin da ake sarrafa shi yana jujjuya, wuka yana tafiya a madaidaiciya, daidai da axis na element. Ana aiwatar da motsin wuƙa a kai tsaye zuwa ga kusurwar abin da ake sarrafa shi.
Ana amfani da lathes don samar da bayanan martaba na zagaye don samar da sandunan zagaye don ɗaure abubuwan gini, don sarrafa abubuwa don kayan da aka lanƙwasa, da sauransu.
Kayan aikin lathe don yin bayanan bayanan zagaye shine shugaban rotary tare da saitin wukake, ruwan wukake wanda aka juya zuwa ramin da sinadarin ke wucewa yayin sarrafawa. Gina kai mai juyawa tare da wukake shine yadda za’a iya shigar da su kuma cire su cikin sauƙi da sauri.
Don samar da sanduna zagaye, an yi amfani da KPCA - 2 lathe iri, wanda zai iya sarrafa sanduna masu diamita daga 10 zuwa 50 mm, tsayi har zuwa 500 mm.
- Wannan lathe yana da adadin abinci guda huɗu 15, 20, 30 da 40 m/min
- Yawan juyi na kai da wukake a minti daya har zuwa 4000
- Ƙarfin motar lantarki da ke tafiyar da kai 4,5 kW
- Wutar lantarki da ke motsawa 1,2 da 2,2 kW
Wannan lathe yana kunshe da tsayawa, goyon bayan kai tare da wukake, wanda aka gyara kai da wukake, tsarin ciyarwa tare da gaba da baya spikes da jagora. Ana sanya motar lantarki a cikin tushe akan farantin tallafi, wanda ke juya babban shaft da kai tare da wukake ta bel mai triangular, da injin lantarki don ƙaura tare da juzu’in watsa matakai biyu.
Kwafi lathes
Kwafi lathes an yi niyya don samar da siffa mai siffa da abubuwan katako na asymmetrical. An raba su zuwa na’urar kwafi mai jujjuyawa, na’urar kwafi mai tsayi da na gaba. Siffar da ma’auni na cikakkun bayanai an ƙaddara su ta hanyar siffar da girman samfurin kwafi, wanda ke da alaƙa da haɗin gwiwa ta hanyar kayan aiki.
An yi nufin kwafin lathes na jujjuya don yin kwafin bayanai daban-daban.
Halayen fasaha na wannan lathe:
- Diamita na sinadarin da za a sarrafa har zuwa 200 mm
- Mafi girman tsayin kashi na katako 600 mm
- Diamita na shugaban wuƙa 250 mm
- Yawan juyi juyi na wuka har zuwa 3000 rpm
- Gudun motsin wuka yana kaiwa ga abin da ake sarrafa shi 0,3 m/min
- Tsawon lokacin zagayowar aiki 10 dakika
- Tsawon lokacin sanya kashi tsakanin spikes 5 sec.
- Lathe yawan aiki a cikin motsi guda 2500 abubuwa
- Ƙarfin motar lantarki don motsi na shugaban wuƙa 1,6 kW
- Ƙarfin motar lantarki don ƙaura 1,7 kW
Dogayen kwafin lathes an yi niyya ne don samar da abubuwan asymmetric na kayan sawa ta hanyar kwafi bisa ga ƙirar kwafin. Kayan aikin yankan wannan lathe yana motsawa daga wannan ƙarshen zuwa wancan bisa ga siffar waje na samfurin kwafi, wanda a lokaci guda yana jujjuya daidai da abin da ake sarrafa shi.
Ana yin lathes na kwafi-spindle da yawa don samar da adadi daban-daban, don samar da sassaka, kayan sassaka, kayan wasan yara da sauran ayyukan kwafin fasaha.
Kwafi-milling lathes
Don sarrafa filayen lebur da taimako, don hako ramuka, yin kayan ado na siffofi daban-daban, ramuka, don gefuna, da dai sauransu. An yi amfani da lathe-copy-milling mai alama VFK-I na sama, wanda a kan haka za a iya toshe ramuka masu diamita har zuwa 36 mm. Halayen fasaha na wannan lathe sune:
- Girman tebur 1170 x 700 mm
- Height na karu axis daga tushe 600 mm
- Motsin tebur a tsaye 140 mm
- Maɓallin sandar tsaye 130
- Matsakaicin nisa daga fuskar karu zuwa tebur 472 mm
- Kwangilar juyowar kai ± 360o
- Juyin juyayi a minti daya 18000
Motar lantarki tana karɓar kuzarin lantarki daga mitar transfomer, wanda ke ƙara shi zuwa 300 lokuta a cikin daƙiƙa guda.
Ba a cika yin amfani da lathes na kwafi ba a masana’antar gini.
Ana amfani da lathes mai niƙa tare da saman ledoji na samfuran ƙasashen waje kamar yadda ake amfani da lathes na yau da kullun a tsaye don hako ramuka da ramuka, don yin kayan ado, don yin abubuwa masu siffar lanƙwasa bisa ga samfuri, da sauransu.