Isexwayiso esibalulekile: Lona umbhalo wengobo yomlando, hhayi indinganiso yamanje, idizayini yophahla noma i-facade, noma imanuwali yokusebenza. Ubukhulu, amakilasi, amanani okusebenza ngokomzimba, ukuvikelwa kwamakhemikhali, indlela yokunamathisela kanye nencazelo yezendlalelo kufanele kuhlolwe ngokuvumelana nemithethonqubo esebenzayo, imibhalo yomkhiqizi kanye nephrojekthi ethile.
Lo mbhalo awuyona ingxenye yomnikelo wamanje we-Savo Kusić, ogxile kumawindi, iminyango nezisombululo ezihlobene.
Ubukhulu nezinhlobo zokhuni
Emabhizinisini amakhulu okucubungula ukhuni, amathayela okhuni namathayela ahlanganisayo, anomumo ongunxande, avamise ukwenziwa ngemfucuza evela ekukhiqizeni okuvamile (fig. 14).
Fig. 14 Amathayela okhuni okufulela nokuhlanganisa
Kufanele babe nobukhulu obulandelayo: ubude (l) okungenani 400, futhi okungenani 600 mm, ngokunyuka okungu-50 mm; ububanzi (b) okungenani 70 mm; ukujiya kokukodwa ngaphambili (h1) - 13 mm, kwenye (h2) - 3 mm. Ukuchezuka okuvunyelwe kusukela kubukhulu bomugqa akumele kudlule u-± 5 mm ngobude, futhi ± 1 mm ngobukhulu.
Lawa mathayili enziwe ngophayini, ngespruce, fir, umsedari kanye ne-larch.
Amakilasi ekhwalithi
Ngokwekhwalithi yokhuni nokucutshungulwa kwalo, kunezigaba ezintathu zamathayela okhuni: I, II kanye ne-III*. Umswakama wazo akufanele ube ngaphezu kuka-25%. Ekilasini I lamathayela, amafindo okhuni ahlanganiswe nokhuni, kanye nemihuzuko, awavunyelwe. Ubuthakathaka, ukungahambi kahle kokugeleza kwefayibha, ukusonteka, izikhwama zenhlaka, ukuqhekeka okuncane kufika ku-50 mm ebusweni obuncane kuvunyelwe.
Sl.15. Isembozo sophahla esenziwe ngamathayili okhuni: a - ungqimba olubili, b - ungqimba oluthathu
Ekilasini elithi II kanye nelithi III, amanodi ahlanganisiwe anempilo avunyelwe kakhulu nge3izingcezu zosayizi kuze kube20 mm, imifantu emincane ize ifike50 mm, ukulimaza ngendlela yamabala ngamanye, ukuqina, ukungahambi kahle kokugeleza kwe-fiber, izikhwama zokusonta kanye ne-resin.
Sl.16Ukumboza izindonga ngamathayili okhuni; a - ingxenye eqondile, b - olungaphambili lwesonto, c - isisekelo,1- ububanzi,2- ukugcwalisa,3- amakhadibhodi afakiwe,4- amathayili
Ngokwekhwalithi yokucutshungulwa kwezinkuni, akukho ngxenye ecutshunguliwe ebukhali noma engacacile, kanye namanotshi, izindawo ezidabukile namadents ebusweni avunyelwe kunoma yiliphi ikilasi. Ukuthambeka kwemigqa yebanga yekilasi elithi I akumele kube ngaphansi60o, kanye no-II* kanye no-III* - kusukela30o. Ukubalwa kwamathayili kwenziwa nge-m2.
| Izinkomba | Iyunithi yokulinganisa | Izinhlobo zamapuleti | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Insulating | Insulating - cladding | Semi-hard | Hard | ||
| Isisindo sevolumu | kg/m3 | 250 – 300 | 300 – 400 | 500 – 700 | 800 – 1100 |
| Isisindo 1 m2 plate | kg | 3,0 – 7,5 | 3,0 – 5,0 | 3,0 – 7,5 | 3,0 – 5,5 |
| Amandla okugoba | kg/cm3 | 4 – 9 | 10 – 18 | 20 – 32 | min 150 |
| Coefficient of thermal conductivity (highest) | cal/m.h degrees | 0,047 | 0,058 | 0,08 | 0,15 |
| Ukumuncwa kwamanzi ngemva 4h ebambe emanzini (ubuningi) | % | 25 | 15 | 20 | 18 |
| Umswakama (ubuningi) | % | 12 | 12 | 10 | 8 – 10 |
| Hygroscopicity ngenxa yokugcina egumbini elinomswakama elinomswakama 100% phakathi no-72h esiphezulu |
% | 15 | 15 | 12 | 12 |
Ukuze ube nempilo ende yesevisi, amathayela ophahleni kufanele afakwe ama-antiseptics nama-flame retardants (ama-refractory agents). Amathayili kufanele abethelwe ngezipikili zikathayela. Uphahla lumbozwe ngamathayela okhuni ezingqimbeni ezimbili nezintathu (fig. 15). Kuzendlalelo ezimbili - ezakhiweni zokuhlala, ezendlalelo ezintathu - ezakhiweni okungezona ezokuhlala. Amathayela abekwe phezu kwesisekelo sokhuni esenziwe ngama-slats. Ukubeka kuqala kusuka ku-wreath. Ithayela ngalinye libethelwe eduze kwe-axis longitudinal esisekelweni ngezinzipho ezimbili ezinamakhanda abanzi. Ugqinsi lwangaphandle 1,4 - 1,6 mm, ubude babo 40; 45 noma 50 mm.
Ukumboza izindonga ngamathayili okhuni kwenziwa ngokubethela amathayela ngqo ezindongeni noma esisekelweni esenziwe ngama-slats, esixhunywe kuhlaka lwamathambo odonga (fig. 16). Endaweni engu-1 m2 yophahla, kusetshenziswe ithayela 35 losayizi 600 x 120 mm. uma ibekwe izendlalelo ezimbili, kanye namathayela 52 uma ebekwe izendlalelo ezintathu.
Ophahleni lwesimanjemanje noma i-facade, ukuqinisekiswa kwedizayini, izindinganiso zamanje, imikhiqizo eshiwo kahle, uhlelo oluphephile lokuvikela izinkuni kanye nemininingwane ehambisana nesimo sezulu esithile kanye nokwakhiwa kuyadingeka. Amanani omlando nezinqubo ezivela kulo mbhalo azizona izicaciso zokusebenza.