** Digniin muhiim ah:** Tani waa qoraal kayd taariikhi ah, ma aha heerka hadda jira, saqafka ama naqshadaynta wejiga, ama buug-gacmeedka waxqabadka. Cabbirrada, fasallada, qiyamka farsamada-farsamada, ilaalinta kiimikaad, habka lifaaqa iyo sharraxaadda lakabyada waa in la hubiyaa iyadoo la raacayo xeerar sax ah, dukumeentiyada soo saaraha iyo mashruuc gaar ah.
Qoraalkani maaha qayb ka mid ah bixinta hadda ee Savo Kusić, kaas oo diiradda saaraya daaqadaha, albaabada iyo xalalka la xidhiidha.
Cabirka iyo noocyada alwaaxda
Shirkadaha waaweyn ee alwaaxa lagu farsameeyo, alwaaxyada alwaaxyada iyo tiirarka lagu dhejiyo, qaab ahaan leydi leh, ayaa inta badan laga sameeyaa qashinka wax soo saarka caadiga ah (Fig.14).
Sl.14Saqafka alwaaxda ee saqafka iyo daboolka
Waa inay lahaadaan cabbirrada soo socda: dhererka (l) ugu yaraan400, iyo kuwa ugu badan600 mm, iyadoo la kordhinayo50 mm; ballac (b) ugu yaraan70 mm; dhumucda hal weji (h1) -13 mm, labaad (h2) -3 mm. Weecashooyinka la oggol yahay ee cabbirrada toosan waa in aanay dhaafin ± dhererka5 mm, iyo dhumucdiisuna tahay ±1 mm.
Taleefannadan waxaa laga sameeyaa geed geed, spruce, fir, kedar iyo larch.
Fasalada tayada leh
Marka loo eego tayada alwaaxdu iyo habaynteedaba, waxa jira saddex nooc oo alwaaxyo ah oo kala ah: I, II iyo III. qoyaankoodu waa inuusan ka badnaan25%. Fasalka I ee taayirada, guntinnada alwaaxyada ku dhex milmay alwaax, iyo sidoo kale nabarrada, lama oggola. Daciifnimo, qulqulka fiber-ka aan joogtada ahayn, leexashada, bacaha xabagta, dildilaaca khafiifka ah ilaa50 mmfoolka dhuuban.
Sl.15. Dabool saqafka ah oo ka samaysan alwaax alwaax ah: a - laba-lakab, b - saddex-lakab
Fasalka II iyo III, qanjidhada isku dhafan ee caafimaadka qaba ayaa la oggol yahay ugu badnaan halkiikiiba3xabbadood oo cabbir ah ilaa20 mmdildilaaca dhuuban ilaa50 mm, nabarrada qaabka dhibco gaar ah, qallafsanaan, nidaam la’aanta socodka fiber-ka, bacaha qallooca iyo resin.
Sl.16Ku daboolida derbiyada alwaaxyada; a - qaybta toosan, b - facade, c - saldhig,1- baaxadda,2- buuxinta,3- kartoonada uurka leh,4- tiles
Marka loo eego tayada farsamaynta alwaax, ma jirto qayb fiiqan ama mid cad oo la warshadeeyay, iyo sidoo kale jeexjeexyo, meelo jeexjeexan iyo jeexjeexyada dusha sare ee wejiga ayaa loo oggol yahay fasal kasta. Jiirada darajooyinka fasalka I waa inaysan ka yarayn60o, iyo II iyo III - laga bilaabo30o. Xisaabinta tiles waxaa lagu sameeyaa m2.
| Tilmaamayaal | Halbeegga cabbirka | Noocyada taarikada | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Insulating | Dahaarka - daboolka | Semi-adag | Waxay sheeganayaan | ||
| Miisaanka mugga | kg/m3 | 250 – 300 | 300 – 400 | 500 – 700 | 800 – 1100 |
| Miisaanka1 m2 taarikada | kg | 3,0 – 7,5 | 3,0 – 5,0 | 3,0 – 7,5 | 3,0 – 5,5 |
| Xoog laabashada | kg/cm3 | 4 – 9 | 10 – 18 | 20 – 32 | min150 |
| Isku dhafka kuleyliyaha kuleylka (ugu badnaan) | cal/m.h digrii | 0,047 | 0,058 | 0,08 | 0,15 |
| nuugista biyaha ka dib4h biyaha lagu hayo (ugu badnaan) | % | 25 | 15 | 20 | 18 |
| Qoyaanka (ugu badnaan) | % | 12 | 12 | 10 | 8 – 10 |
| Hygroscopicity sababtoo ah ku haynta qol qoyan leh100% qoyaanka hadda jira72h ugu badan |
% | 15 | 15 | 12 | 12 |
Si loo kordhiyo nolosha adeeggooda, saqafka saqafka ah waa in lagu shubaa jeermiska jeermiska dila iyo dab-demiska (waxyaallaha dab-demiska). Tiirarka waa in lagu masaajiyaa cidiyaha galvanized. Saqafyada waxaa lagu daboolay tiirar alwaax ah oo laba iyo saddex lakab ah (fig.15). Laba lakab - dhismayaal la deggan yahay, oo saddex lakab ah - dhismayaal aan degaan ahayn. Taleefannada waxaa lagu dul-saaraa saldhig alwaax ah oo ka sameysan saqafyo. Dhigiddu waxay ka bilaabataa ubaxa. Tiirar kasta waxaa lagu qodbay dhidibka dheer ee salka oo leh laba musmiir oo madax ballaadhan leh. Dhumucda dibadda waa1,4-1,6 mm, dhererkoodu waa40;45ama50 mm.
Ku daboolida derbiyada alwaaxyada waxaa lagu sameeyaa iyada oo si toos ah loogu dhejiyo dhejisyada derbiyada ama saldhig ka samaysan dhejis, kaas oo ku dheggan qalfoofka alwaax ee derbiga (fig.16_). Marka1 m2 dusha saqafka waa la wada baabbi’iyey35cabbirka foornada600x120 mm. marka laba lakab loo dhigo, a52tiles marka la dhigo saddex lakab.
Saqafka casriga ah ama wejiga wuxuu u baahan yahay hubin naqshadeynta, heerarka hadda jira, alaabada si sax ah loo sheegay, nidaamka ilaalinta alwaax ammaan ah iyo faahfaahin ku habboon cimilada gaarka ah iyo dhismaha. Qiyamka taariikhiga ah iyo habraacyada qoraalkani ma aha qeexid hawleed.