Chenjezo lofunika: Awa ndi mawu osungira zakale, osati mulingo waposachedwa, denga kapena kamangidwe kameneka, kapena buku la kachitidwe. Miyeso, makalasi, mayendedwe akuthupi, chitetezo chamankhwala, njira yolumikizira ndi kufotokozera zigawo ziyenera kufufuzidwa molingana ndi malamulo ovomerezeka, zolemba za opanga ndi projekiti inayake.
Mawu awa si gawo la zomwe Savo Kusić akutsatsa pano, zomwe zimayang’ana kwambiri mazenera, zitseko ndi njira zina.
Makulidwe ndi mitundu yamatabwa
M’mabizinesi akuluakulu opangira matabwa, matailosi amatabwa ndi matailosi ophimbidwa, amakona anayi, nthawi zambiri amapangidwa kuchokera ku zinyalala zopangidwa mwachizolowezi (Mkuyu.14).
Sl.14Matailosi amatabwa ofolerera ndi kutsekereza
Ayenera kukhala ndi miyeso iyi: kutalika (l) osachepera 400, komanso 600 mm, ndi ma increments a 50 mm; m’lifupi (b) osachepera 70 mm; kukhuthala kwa kutsogolo kumodzi (h1) - 13 mm, kwa china (h2) - 3 mm. Mipatuko yololedwa kuchokera ku mizere ya mzere isapitirire ± 5 mm muutali, ndi ± 1 mm mu makulidwe.
Mathailosi awa amapangidwa kuchokera ku paini, spruce, fir, cedar ndi larch.
Maphunziro apamwamba
Molingana ndi mtundu wa nkhuni ndi kachitidwe kake, pali magulu atatu a matailosi a matabwa: I, II ndi III. Chinyezi chawo sichiyenera kupitirira 25%. Mu I kalasi ya matailosi, mfundo zamatabwa zomwe zasakanikirana ndi matabwa, komanso mikwingwirima, siziloledwa. Kufooka, kusayenda bwino kwa ulusi, kupindika, matumba a utomoni, ming’alu yopyapyala mpaka 50 mm pankhope yoonda ndizololedwa.
Sl.15. Chophimba padenga chopangidwa ndi matabwa a matabwa: a - awiri-wosanjikiza, b - atatu-wosanjikiza
M’kalasi ya II ndi III, mfundo zosakanikirana bwino zimaloledwa nthawi zambiri3zidutswa za kukula mpaka20 mm, ming’alu yopyapyala mpaka50 mm, kuvulaza mwa mawonekedwe a mawanga a munthu, kuuma, kusasinthasintha kwa kayendedwe ka fiber, kupotoza ndi matumba a utomoni.
Sl.16Kuphimba makoma ndi matailosi a matabwa; a - chigawo choyimirira, b - facade, c - maziko,1- ukonde,2- kudzaza,3- makatoni ophatikizidwa,4- matailosi
Malinga ndi mtundu wa kukonza matabwa, palibe lakuthwa kapena wosasunthika kukonzedwa mbali, komanso notches, malo ong’ambika ndi mano pamwamba pa nkhope amaloledwa kalasi iliyonse. Matsetsereka a mizere ya kalasi ya I asachepe60o, ndi kwa II ndi III - kuchokera30o. Kuwerengera kwa matailosi kumachitika mu m2.
| Zizindikiro | Chigawo cha muyeso | Mitundu ya mbale | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zoteteza | Insulation - kuphimba | Semi-hard | Iwo amadzinenera | ||
| Kulemera kwa volumetric | kg/m3 | 250 – 300 | 300 – 400 | 500 – 700 | 800 – 1100 |
| Kulemera1 m2 mbale | kg | 3,0 – 7,5 | 3,0 – 5,0 | 3,0 – 7,5 | 3,0 – 5,5 |
| Mphamvu yopindika | kg/cm3 | 4 – 9 | 10 – 18 | 20 – 32 | min 150 |
| Coefficient of thermal conductivity (yapamwamba kwambiri) | cal/m.h madigiri | 0,047 | 0,058 | 0,08 | 0,15 |
| Mayamwidwe amadzi pambuyo pa 4h atagwira m'madzi (kuchuluka) | % | 25 | 15 | 20 | 18 |
| Chinyezi (kuchuluka) | % | 12 | 12 | 10 | 8 – 10 |
| Hygroscopicity chifukwa chokhala m'chipinda chonyowa ndi 100% chinyezi pa 72h maximum |
% | 15 | 15 | 12 | 12 |
Kuti mukhale ndi moyo wautali wautumiki, matailosi a padenga akuyenera kuthiridwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi zoletsa moto (zothandizira). Matailosi ayenera kukhomedwa ndi misomali yotchinga. Madenga amakutidwa ndi matailosi a matabwa mu zigawo ziwiri ndi zitatu (mkuyu 15). Mu zigawo ziwiri - za nyumba zogonamo, zosanjikiza zitatu - za nyumba zosakhalamo. Matailosi amaikidwa pamwamba pa matabwa opangidwa ndi slats. Kuyika kumayambira pa nkhata. Tile iliyonse imakhomeredwa motsatira utali wautali mpaka pansi ndi misomali iwiri yokhala ndi mitu yayikulu. Kunenepa kwakunja ndi 1,4 - 1,6 mm, kutalika kwake ndi 40; 45 kapena 50 mm.
Kuphimba makoma ndi matailosi a matabwa kumapangidwa pokhomerera matailosi molunjika kumakoma kapena kumunsi opangidwa ndi ma slats, omwe amamangiriridwa ku mafupa a matabwa a khoma (fig. 16). Pa 1 m2 padenga, matailosi 35 a kukula 600 x 120 mm amagwiritsidwa ntchito. ikaikidwa mu zigawo ziwiri, ndi 52 matailosi pamene aikidwa mu zigawo zitatu.
Padenga lamakono kapena facade, kutsimikizira kapangidwe kake, miyezo yamakono, zinthu zonenedweratu bwino, chitetezo chamatabwa chotetezedwa ndi tsatanetsatane wokhudzana ndi nyengo ndi zomangamanga zimafunikira. Miyezo ndi machitidwe a m’malembawa sizomwe zimachitika.