** Gargadi mai mahimmanci:** Wannan rubutun kayan tarihi ne, ba ma’auni na yanzu ba, ƙirar rufi ko facade, ko jagorar aiki. Girma, azuzuwan, ƙimar injin-jiki, kariyar sinadarai, hanyar haɗewa da bayanin yadudduka dole ne a duba su bisa ingantattun ƙa’idodi, takaddun masana’anta da takamaiman aikin.
Wannan rubutu baya cikin tayin Savo Kusić na yanzu, wanda ke mai da hankali kan tagogi, kofofin da mafita masu alaƙa.
Girma da nau’ikan itace
A cikin manyan kamfanoni don sarrafa itace, fale-falen itace da fale-falen fale-falen fale-falen buraka, masu siffar rectangular, galibi ana yin su ne daga tarkace na samarwa na yau da kullun (fig.14).
Sl.14Fale-falen katako don yin rufi da rufi
Dole ne su sami ma’auni masu zuwa: tsayi (l) aƙalla400, kuma mafi600 mm, tare da karuwa ta50 mm; fadin (b) a kalla70 mm; kauri fuska daya (h1) -13 mm, na biyu (h2) -3 mm. Bambance-bambancen da aka halatta daga ma’aunin linzamin kwamfuta dole ne ya wuce ± tsawon tsayi5 mm, kuma ta hanyar kauri na ±1 mm.
Wadannan tayal an yi su ne daga Pine, spruce, fir, cedar da larch.
Azuzuwan inganci
Dangane da ingancin itacen da sarrafa shi, akwai nau’ikan tayal guda uku: I, II da III. Dole ne zafin su ya fi girma25%. A cikin nau’in I na tiles, ba a yarda da kullin katako wanda ya hade da itace, da kuma raunuka. Rauni, kwararar fiber mara daidaituwa, karkatarwa, jakunkuna na guduro, fashe bakin ciki har zuwa50 mmakan siririn goshi.
Sl.15. Rufin rufin da aka yi da katako na katako: a - Layer biyu, b - Layer uku
A cikin ajin II da III, ana ba da izinin gaɓoɓin nodes masu lafiya a mafi yawa3guda girman har zuwa20 mm, siraran fasa har zuwa50 mm, bruising a cikin nau’i na mutum spots, flaking, rashin daidaito fiber kwarara, karkatarwa da guduro jakunkuna.
Sl.16Rufe ganuwar tare da tayal na katako; a - sashin tsaye, b - facade, c - tushe,1- iyaka,2- cika,3- kwali mai ciki,4- tayal
Dangane da ingancin sarrafa itace, ba a ba da izini ga wani yanki mai kaifi ko ƙwanƙwasa ba, kazalika da ƙima, tsagewar wurare da ƙwanƙwasa a saman fuska a kowane aji. Matsakaicin layukan darajojin na I bai kamata ya zama ƙasa da haka ba60o, kuma ga II da III - daga30o. Ana yin lissafin tiles a cikin m2.
| Manuniya | Ƙungiyar ma'auni | Nau'in faranti | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Insulating | Insulation - cladding | Semi-hard | Suna da'awar | ||
| Nauyin girma | kg/m3 | 250 – 300 | 300 – 400 | 500 – 700 | 800 – 1100 |
| Nauyi1 m2 faranti | kg | 3,0 – 7,5 | 3,0 – 5,0 | 3,0 – 7,5 | 3,0 – 5,5 |
| Karfin lankwasawa | kg/cm3 | 4 – 9 | 10 – 18 | 20 – 32 | min150 |
| Matsakaicin haɓakar thermal conductivity (mafi girman) | cal/m.h digiri | 0,047 | 0,058 | 0,08 | 0,15 |
| Ruwan sha daga baya4h rike cikin ruwa (mafi yawa) | % | 25 | 15 | 20 | 18 |
| Humidity (mafi girman) | % | 12 | 12 | 10 | 8 – 10 |
| Hygroscopicity saboda kiyayewa a cikin ɗakin ɗanɗano tare da100% zafi na yanzu72h yafi |
% | 15 | 15 | 12 | 12 |
Don tsawaita rayuwar sabis ɗin su, ya kamata a yi amfani da fale-falen rufin tare da maganin antiseptics da masu kashe wuta (masu hana wuta). Tiles ya kamata a ƙusa tare da galvanized kusoshi. An rufe rufin da fale-falen katako a cikin yadudduka biyu da uku (fig.15). A cikin nau’i biyu - don gine-ginen zama, a cikin matakai uku - na gine-ginen da ba na zama ba. An ɗora fale-falen a kan tushe na katako da aka yi da slats. Kwanciya yana farawa daga furen. Kowane tayal yana ƙusa tare da axis na tsaye zuwa tushe tare da kusoshi biyu masu fadi da kai. Kaurin waje shine1,4-1,6 mm, tsawonsu shine40;45ko50 mm.
Rufe bango da fale-falen katako ana yin su ta hanyar ƙusa fale-falen kai tsaye zuwa bangon ko kuma wani tushe da aka yi da slats, wanda ke haɗe da kwarangwal na katako na bango (fig.16_). A1 m2 rufin rufi yana cinyewa35girman tayal600x120 mm. lokacin da aka dage shi cikin layi biyu, a52fale-falen buraka idan an ɗora su a cikin yadudduka uku.
Rufin zamani ko facade yana buƙatar binciken ƙira, ƙa’idodi na yanzu, samfuran da aka ayyana daidai, tsarin kariyar itace mai aminci da cikakkun bayanai waɗanda suka dace da takamaiman yanayi da gini. Ƙimar tarihi da hanyoyin da ke cikin wannan rubutu ba ƙayyadaddun ayyuka ba ne.