Ingilazi iyasebenza
Ulwazi lwemisebenzi yengilazi ludingeka ikakhulukazi uma kukhona izingane emndenini. Uma ifulethi linomshwalense, umonakalo ovela engilazini ephukile uyabonakala, kunzima nje ukulinda - ikakhulukazi uma kubanda - ukuqedela okusemthethweni nokwenza ukulungisa. Ingilazi cishe ayidingi ukuchazwa, ngoba cishe wonke umuntu ube “nenhlanhla” yokugqekeza iwindi. Igama lengilazi yewindi liyingilazi eyisicaba futhi yenziwe ngogqinsi obungu-1,3; 1,5; 2; 3; 4; 5 kanye 7 mm. Izingilazi ezimnyama, ezingacacile nezenziwe ngephethini zenziwe ngengilazi eyisicaba ngokuqhunyiswa kwesihlabathi, noma ukunamathisela, ngobukhulu obufanayo nengilazi eyisicaba.
Izibuko zokusakaza zijiyile: 5, 6, 7 kanye 9 mm; lawo anamaphethini anogqinsi oluthi 4,5 mm, anelebuli 5 mm (ingilazi yesonto), futhi aqiniswe 6 mm.
Nail yengilazi engunxantathu iyinsiza ebaluleke kakhulu yokusebenza kwengilazi. Ubukhulu bayo busukela ku-0,3 kuye 1,5 mm, nobude bayo busuka ku-6 kuye ku-18 mm, ngokulingana nogqinsi nobukhulu bephaneli yengilazi.
Cishe wonke umuntu uyazi i-glass putty. Iqukethe12% amafutha e-linseed,88%ushoki kanye1%I-Ianolina.
Izinhlobo ezimbili zemimese zisetshenziselwa ukusika ingilazi. Ummese onedayimane (elifushane: idayimane), ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu okuyidayimane ngokwalo, nomsiki onohlaka lwensimbi. Ama-blades emvelo kuphela futhi aluhlaza angasika ingilazi kahle. Ama-blade agugile awanawo umphumela omuhle, njengoba akhiqiza izindawo ezimangelengele, ezinqamukayo ezingaqhubeki kanye nemigqa. (fig. X-7).
Ukuze ubambe kahle idayimane lokusika ingilazi, inkomba kanye nomunwe ophakathi wesandla sokudla kufanele kubekwe engxenyeni eyindilinga yesibambo, ngoba ngale ndlela kuphela kungasetshenziswa ukucindezela okudingekayo. Uphawu oluncane esibanjeni kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi lubhekane nomuntu osebenzisa isisiki (fig. X-8).
Idayimane elisika ingilazi kufanele lihlale lihlanzekile futhi uchwepheshe kuphela okufanele aliqaqe. Ngemva kokuqeda ukusika, kufanele ibekwe ekesini lesikhumba. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-cutter efanayo isetshenziswa kuphela futhi ihlale isendaweni efanayo.
Isisiki sefreyimu yensimbi sisetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko ukusika ingilazi ewugqinsi, njengoba ubunzima obungaphezulu bale glass buzolimaza kakhulu idayimane. Isisiki siqukethe isondo lokusika, ububanzi 5 mm, elenziwe ngensimbi eqinile (vidia=Wie Diamant) elinembobo engu-2 mm phakathi. I-blade yokusika incishisiwe ibe yisimo esifanele, okungukuthi umhlabathi. Lapho usika ngendlela evamile endizeni yengilazi, isondo liyaphenduka ukuze ukungahambi kahle okuncane kwengilazi ukukhulumela phezulu, kungabambeki, kodwa shiya umugqa oqhubekayo wokusika. Leli thuluzi kufanele licindezele kakhulu kunedayimane. Isondo lokusika linikeza umugqa wokusika obanzi kunedayimane.
Kunembobo engxenyeni emaphakathi yomjikelezo futhi isetshenziselwa ukulungisa umjikelezo ngesikulufu esibanjeni. Ukumaka kwezinombolo kusebenza ukuze amasondo akwazi ukushintshwa kalula ngamasondo ayisipele, angu-6 ethuluzini. Iphedi elizwayo kufanele libekwe ngaphansi kwesikulufu sokuqina. Umsebenzi wale coaster; ecwiliswe kuphalafini, ukuthi ngesikhathi sokusika, ivikela amasondo ekushiseni ngokugcotshwa njalo.
Imimese yokusika ingilazi
Ummese wokuhlanza i-Groove ithuluzi elisetshenziswa kakhulu lokusika ingilazi. I-blade yayo ibanzi ngokuphindwe kabili kunesibambo, emise okwesilinda ukuze ibambe kangcono. I-blade iyindilinga noma iyasikwa, futhi ichopho layo libukhali, okwenza kube lula ukukhipha i-blade emigodini. Amaglue aqinile akhishwa ngokushaya ummese ekugcineni kwesibambo ngesando (Fig. X-9).
Ithuluzi lokuphuka lenziwe ngokhuni lwe-beech olushisayo olunezindawo ezibushelelezi ezingenawo amafindo nokuqhekeka futhi iyithuluzi elibalulekile lokusika ingilazi eqinisiwe (Fig. X-10.)
Ngaphezu kwalawa mathuluzi, udinga futhi: isando, iphinifa, amagilavu kanye nommese (Fig. X-11)
Ukusika
Iphaneli yengilazi kufanele ibekwe phezu kwetafula eliyisicaba elimbozwe ngento ethile ethambile. Kufanele siyibambe ekugcineni eseduze kwethu, siyidonsele ngakithi futhi ngokuyibamba phakathi kwemiphetho, siyibeke etafuleni noma siyisuse etafuleni. Lapho ucubungula ibhodi, kufanele lilale phezu kwayo yonke indawo, futhi lapho ligcinwa, kufanele libe sesimweni esiqondile lihlezi onqenqemeni,
Isilinganiso esinembile kufanele senziwe ngaphambi kokusikwa. Kufanele futhi sicabangele ukuthi ibanga eliphakathi kwesihloko sedayimane nerula licishe libe ngu-4 mm. Kungcono ukulinganisa kabili kunokusika ucezu olunezilinganiso ezingalungile. Kuyadingeka futhi ukulawula ubukhulu bamakhasi. Indawo esizogawula kuyo kufanele isulwe futhi igcotshwe ngaphambilini - ikakhulukazi uma sisika ingilazi ejiyile - nge-petroleum ukuze incibilike futhi isuse ukungcola nokwenza ukusika kube bushelelezi futhi kulingane. Lapho usika, umsiki kufanele acindezelwe kancane engilazini futhi ahanjiswe ngokulinganayo ngaphandle kokuma. I-engeli ephakathi kweblade yedayimane nengilazi, lapho usikwa, kufanele ibe ngu-5-6° kuso sonke isikhathi sokusika. Akufanele isikwe ngokuphindaphindiwe kulayini owodwa ngoba idayimane lizokonakala. Umsiki kufanele abanjwe ngendlela yokuthi umunwe omncane uhlale engilazini, njengoba lokhu kuzoqinisekisa i-angle yokusika efanele kanye nokunyakaza. Uma idayimane lisika kahle, khona-ke umsindo opholile uzwakala, idayimane “licula”. Uma iklwebha, hhayi ukusikeka, khona-ke umsindo awujabulisi.
Ukuphuka
Ngemva kokusika ingilazi, ibhodi lihlala liyingxenye eyodwa futhi lidinga ukuphulwa. Kufanele siwuhlephule ngokushesha, ngoba uma ulayini uphola, ingilazi iba yi-lacy futhi kube nzima ukuphuka.
Ibhodi esilinqamule ngendlela ye-longitudinal kufanele lidonselwe onqenqemeni lwetafula kumugqa wokusika futhi linqanyulwe ngomfutho obuthakathaka, kodwa osheshayo, owehlayo. Kuyindlela enhle lapho irula noma enye i-pad ifakwa ngaphansi komugqa wokusika futhi ingilazi iphukile ngokushaya okubukhali. Uma sisika imichilo emincane kakhulu, 2-3 cm, singakwazi ukugqashula ngebreaker etholakala kusisiki. Asibeke eteyipini bese sigoqa. Izingcezu ezisele ngemva kokugoqa, kanye nokungalingani, kungabuye kususwe ngomshini wokugoqa. Uma ububanzi bomugqa esiwusikayo bungu-4-5 cm, khona-ke ukuphuka kungenziwa ngokucindezela isibambo sesisiki ngaphansi kwesiqephu esiwayo bese siphula umugqa ngokucindezela kancane. Ukuphuka kwengilazi ewugqinsi nephonswe kungasizwa ngokuthepha, ngokuthepha ingilazi ukusuka ohlangothini olungezansi eduze komugqa wokusika ngesibambo somsiki kanye nokuphula ngerula. Ngemuva kokusika nokugoba, imiphetho ebukhali esele kufanele isuswe ezinhlangothini zombili ngetshe lokugaya i-carborundum elimanzi.
Ukusika iphrofayela
Ngaphezu kokusikwa komugqa oqondile, ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ukusika ingilazi ngesimo sephrofayela ekhaya. Umumo oyindilinga noma omunye we-curvilinear uvame ukudingeka kumafreyimu ezithombe athile, amawindi, noma kwezinye izivivinyo. Ngethuluzi lokusika eliyindilinga elisebenzayo singasika amajamo ayindilinga ajwayelekile anoma ibuphi ubukhulu. Lokhu kwenziwa kusetshenziswa izifanekiso.
Ukusika okuyindilinga
Ipuleti lengilazi kufanele liqale lihlanzwe uthuli ngendwangu ethambile bese ligcotshwa nge-petroleum eduze komugqa wokusika, noma i-turpentine. Bese ubeka unyawo lwethuluzi lokusika eliyindilinga (inkomishi yokumunca iraba) phakathi nendawo yesiyingi ezosikwa (umkhiwane 1).
SLIKA 1
Indandatho - isibambi sedayimane kufanele silungiswe sibe nobukhulu obudingekayo futhi simiswe ngesikulufu. Inqubo yokusika imi kanje: ngesandla esisodwa, cindezela ngobumnene ithuluzi lokusika isiyingi, futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuphela kwe-lever - umnikazi wedayimane, bese-ke, ejikeleza umbuthano, usike ngokucindezela okumnene.
Uma siqeda ukusika, beka ipuleti lengilazi phezu kwetafula bese ucindezela ingxenye ewa ngesandla esisodwa kanye nengxenye eyisiyingi ngesinye. Uma ngemuva kwalokhu kusebenza ingxenye eyindilinga ingahlukaniswanga, bese kulandela ukusika okusizayo, okungukuthi ingxenye ephakathi komkhawulo weglasi kanye nomugqa wokusika umbuthano kufanele unqunywe. Ngemuva kokusika okusizayo, ipuleti kufanele ibanjwe ngezandla zombili futhi ihlungwe kancane, kuze kube yilapho iphrofayili eyindilinga “iphuma”.
Singenza ithuluzi lokusika eliyindilinga ngokwethu. Udinga ukusika izingcezu ezimbili zesikwele zokhuni oluqinile ezinobukhulu 1,5 x 1,5 x 6cm. Izinhlangothi ezincikene zalezi zingcezu kufanele zicindezelwe. Inkomishi yokumunca iraba (i-leech) kufanele ixhunywe ekugcineni kwesiqephu esisodwa ngesikulufu sokhuni, futhi isikulufu sokhuni kufanele sinamathiselwe ekugcineni kwe-conical, ikhanda layo okufanele linqunywe kamuva. Ucezu lwesibili kufanele lubhojwe ngokuphambana eduze nendawo eyisicaba, futhi imbobo eyodwa enentambo kufanele ibhojwe ngokuqondana nalokhu kuvuleka. Imbobo eyodwa kufanele futhi ibhojwe komunye umkhawulo oyindilinga, lapho kuzongena khona isikulufu esisinqumile ikhanda. Izindawo zokuthintana zezingcezu ezimbili kufanele zifakwe isanti zibe bushelelezi futhi zigcotshwe ukuze kwenziwe ithuluzi lijike libe lula.
Ocezwini olungaphezulu lokhuni, endaweni evundlile, kufanele ubeke i-lever - isibambi sedayimane, futhi ngemva kokulungisa ubukhulu obudingekayo, lungisa imbobo efakwe imicu nge-screw, ngekhanda uvemvane.
Ngokusika i-curvilinear, kufanele usebenzise idayimane lesifanekiso, kodwa isando (i-turner) sisincane kancane ukuze sijwayelane kangcono namajika. Ukusika kungenziwa ngezindlela ezimbili.
Ukusika iphethini kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa iphethini yoqobo noma ukwenza isifanekiso ngekhadibhodi noma ebhodini lamapulangwe. Isifanekiso sibekwe engilazini futhi sisikwe ngedayimane emaphethelweni wesifanekiso.
Ukusika kungenziwa futhi ngokusika isampula, noma umumo, odwetshwe ephepheni elibekwe ngaphansi kwengilazi futhi lisikwe ngomugqa womdwebo. Kungumsebenzi onzima kakhulu ukususa imfucuza ngemuva kokusika i-curvilinear. Umsiki kufanele uthephe ngomugqa osikiwe ngezansi kwengxenye yengilazi ezosala futhi ingilazi izophuka. Uma iphuka, yiphule ngokucindezela okuthambile.
Imigqa egobile yerediya enkulu kufanele isikwe ngezigaba. Izingcezu ezinkulu zemfucuza kufanele zisikwe kuqala, bese ezinye zisetshenzwe zibe izingcezu ezincane, kusetshenziswa umshini wokugoqa. Uma kudingeka singasebenzisa ukusikeka kokusiza nalapha. Ngemuva kokusika, imiphetho yepuleti yengilazi kufanele ifakwe isihlabathi.
Window glazing
Ukusebenza kokucweba okumaphakathi ukusika ingilazi. Amafasitela aphukile acwebezelayo, siqala ngokususa izinsalela zengilazi. Sisusa i-putty endala, eyomile emigodini ngommese we-putty noma ummese omdala ophukile. Izipikili ezingunxantathu zokulungisa ingilazi kufanele futhi zisuswe, uqaphele ukuthi ungalimazi izinkuni zefreyimu. Imfucumfucu yengilazi kufanele ilandwe ngokushesha futhi isuswe. Uma sisusa izipikili kanye ne-putty, singagijima ummese eduze kwama-grooves izikhathi eziningana ukuze silungise noma yikuphi ukungalingani kuhlaka.
Khona-ke udinga2-3 mkala ubude nobubanzi befreyimu. Lokhu kuyadingeka ngoba ngokuvamile ifreyimu iba banzi phezulu kunangaphansi. Ingilazi kufanele ibe ncane kunalesi sikalo 2-3 mm. Lapho usika ingilazi, kufanele ubeke iphephandaba noma indwangu ethile ethambile etafuleni. Beka ingilazi esisekelweni esinjalo futhi usike ngedayimane ezindaweni ezimakiwe ngosizo lombusi. Ingilazi enqunyiwe kufanele idonswe emaphethelweni etafula, ifakwe nge-cutter kusukela ohlangothini olungezansi futhi ngaleyo ndlela iphuke.
SLIKA 2
Kuhlaka, ngaphansi kwengilazi, ama-noodle ama-putty amancane kufanele abekwe kuqala. Bese ufaka ingilazi enqunyiwe futhi uyilungise ngezipikili ezingunxantathu. Izinzipho (isib.2) zishaywa ngesando esinamachopho acijile. Ekugcineni, ama-noodle ama-putty acindezelwa emaphethelweni engilazi futhi acabangwe ngommese we-putty. Ingilazi ye-cathedral eqinisiwe ingasikwa kuphela nge-wheel cutter. Ngemuva kokusika, donsa ingilazi ekugcineni kwetafula futhi uyiphule ngokucindezela okunamandla, futhi usike izintambo ngesikelo noma ngeshizolo. Ukusika noma yiluphi uhlobo lwengilazi kulula uma siyigcoba - njengoba sesishilo - ngophalafini noma nge-turpentine.
Uma ngemva kokulungiswa usacabanga ngokuhlanganisa okusha, bheka amafasitela ethu okhuni, umnyango wangokwezifiso noma sithumelele uphenyo mayelana nezincomo zesistimu nezingilazi.