Glasswork
Ilimin aikin gilashi yana da mahimmanci musamman idan akwai yara a cikin iyali. Idan ɗakin yana da inshora, an gane lalacewa daga gilashin da aka karye, yana da wuya kawai a jira - musamman ma lokacin sanyi - don kammala ƙa’idodin da aiwatar da gyara. Watakila gilashin bai kamata a kwatanta shi ba, saboda kusan kowa ya sami “sa’a” don karya taga. Sunan gilashin taga gilashin lebur ne kuma an yi shi da kauri daga1,3;1,5;2;3; 4;5kuma7 mm. Gilashin duhu, duhun kai da sifofi ana yin su daga gilashin lebur ta hanyar fashewar yashi, ko etching, zuwa nau’i iri ɗaya kamar gilashin lebur.
Gilashin simintin gyare-gyare sun fi kauri:5,6,7kuma9 mm; waɗanda ke da tsari suna da kauri4,5 mm, laƙabi5 mm(gilashin coci), kuma an ƙarfafa shi6 mm.
Gilashin gilashin triangular yana da mahimmancin kayan taimako don ayyukan gilashi. Kaurinsa ya fito daga0,3ku 1,5 mm, da tsawo na6ku18 mm, daidai da kauri da girman kwanon gilashin.
Wataƙila kowa ya san gilashin gilashi. Ya kunshi12% man linseed,88%alli da1%Ianolina.
Ana amfani da wukake iri biyu don yanke gilashi. Wuka mai lu’u-lu’u (gajere: lu’u-lu’u), mafi mahimmancin sashi shine lu’u-lu’u da kansa, da kuma mai yanka tare da firam na karfe. Sai kawai na halitta da danyen ruwan wukake na iya yanke gilashin da kyau. Wuraren da aka sawa ba su da tasiri mai kyau, saboda suna samar da jakunkuna, yanke sassa da layin. (fito X-7).
Don riƙe da kyaun lu’u-lu’u yankan gilashi, ya kamata a sanya maƙasudin da yatsa na hannun dama a kan ɓangaren zagaye na hannun, saboda kawai ta wannan hanya za a iya amfani da matsa lamba mai mahimmanci. Ya kamata ƙaramar alamar da ke hannun hannu koyaushe ta fuskanci mutumin da ke amfani da abin yanka (fig. X-8).
Lu’u-lu’u yankan gilashi ya kamata koyaushe ya kasance mai tsabta kuma ƙwararre ne kawai ya buɗe shi. Bayan an gama yanke, yakamata a sanya shi a cikin fata. Dole ne a kula da yanke tare da yankan guda ɗaya kawai kuma koyaushe a cikin matsayi ɗaya.
Ana amfani da abin yankan ƙarfe da farko don yanke gilashin simintin da ya fi kauri, saboda ƙarancin gilashin zai lalata lu’u-lu’u sosai. Mai yankan ya ƙunshi dabaran yankan, diam5 mm, na ƙarfe mai ƙarfi (vidia = Wie Diamant) wanda a tsakiya yana da buɗewar2 mm. An yanke yankan ruwa zuwa siffar da ta dace, watau ƙasa. Lokacin yankan a cikin matsayi na yau da kullun zuwa jirgin gilashin, dabaran tana juya don ƙaramin rashin daidaituwa na gilashin don yin magana ta tsallake, kar a makale, amma barin layin yanke ci gaba. Wannan kayan aikin yakamata ya danna da karfi fiye da lu’u-lu’u. Ƙaƙwalwar yankan yana ba da layi mai faɗi fiye da lu’u-lu’u.
Akwai rami a tsakiyar ɓangaren zagaye kuma ana amfani da shi don gyara zagaye tare da dunƙule ga hannun. Alamar ƙididdiga ita ce ta yadda za a iya maye gurbin ƙafafun cikin sauƙi da ƙafafun ƙafafu, waɗanda suke samuwa6a cikin kayan aiki. Ya kamata a sanya kushin ji a ƙarƙashin maƙarƙashiya. Aikin wannan bakin teku; wanda ake jika da kananzir, shi ne wanda yayin yankan ke kare ƙafafun daga dumama ta hanyar shafawa akai-akai.
Masu yankan gilashi
Wuka mai tsaga ita ce kayan aikin yankan gilashin da aka fi amfani da su. Wurin sa yana da faɗin ninki biyu da girman hannun, wanda aka siffanta shi da silindi don ingantacciyar riko. Wurin yana zagaye ko yanke, kuma titinsa yana da kaifi, wanda ya sa ya yiwu a cire ruwa daga tsagi. Ana cire manne mai wuya ta hanyar buga wukar a ƙarshen hannun tare da guduma (Fig. X-9).
Kayan aikin karya an yi shi da itacen beech mai tururi tare da filaye masu santsi ba tare da kulli ba kuma ba tare da fasa ba kuma kayan aiki ne mai mahimmanci don yanke gilashin ƙarfafa (Fig. X-10.)
Baya ga waɗannan kayan aikin, kuna kuma buƙatar: guduma, pliers, safar hannu da wuka (fig. X-11)
Yanke
Gilashin gilashi ya kamata a sanya shi a kan tebur mai laushi wanda aka rufe da wani abu mai laushi. Dole ne mu kama shi a ƙarshen da ke kusa da mu, ja shi zuwa gare mu kuma ta hanyar kama shi a tsakiyar gefuna, sanya shi a kan tebur ko cire shi daga teburin. Lokacin sarrafa allon, sai ya kwanta a kan gaba ɗaya, kuma idan an adana shi, sai ya kasance a tsaye a tsaye a gefensa.
Ya kamata a yi ma’auni daidai kafin yanke. Dole ne mu yi la’akari da cewa nisa tsakanin tip na lu’u-lu’u da mai mulki ya kusan4 mm. Yana da kyau a auna sau biyu fiye da yanke yanki tare da ma’auni mara kyau. Har ila yau, wajibi ne don sarrafa murabba’in shafukan. Wurin da za mu yanke a baya sai a goge shi a shafa masa-musamman lokacin yankan gilashin da ya fi kauri - tare da man fetur a narke da cire datti da sanya yankan ya yi santsi har ma. Lokacin yankan, mai yankan ya kamata kawai a danna dan kadan akan gilashin kuma a motsa shi daidai ba tare da tsayawa ba. Matsakaicin tsakanin ruwan lu’u-lu’u da gilashin, lokacin yankan, yakamata ya kasance5-6° don dukan lokacin yankan. Kada a yanke shi akai-akai akan layi daya saboda lu’u-lu’u zai lalace. Ya kamata a riƙe mai yankewa ta hanyar da ɗan yatsa ya tsaya a kan gilashin, saboda wannan zai tabbatar da daidaitaccen kusurwar yanke har ma da motsi. Idan lu’u-lu’u ya yanke da kyau, to, ana jin sauti mai laushi, lu’u-lu’u “yana raira waƙa”. Idan kawai ya goge, ba yanke ba, to sautin ba shi da daɗi.
Karshe
Bayan yanke gilashin, allon ya kasance a cikin yanki ɗaya kuma yana buƙatar karya. Dole ne mu karya shi nan da nan, domin idan layin ya huce, gilashin ya zama lacy kuma yana da wuyar karye.
Jirgin, wanda muka yanke a cikin madaidaiciyar hanya, ya kamata a fitar da shi zuwa gefen teburin zuwa layin yankan kuma a karya tare da rauni, amma matsa lamba mai sauri. Hanya ce mai kyau lokacin da aka sanya mai mulki ko wasu kushin a ƙarƙashin layin yanke kuma gilashin ya karye tare da kaifi mai kaifi. Idan muka yanke kunkuntar tsiri.2-3 cm, Za mu iya yin karya tare da mai fashewar da ke kan mai yankewa. Bari mu sanya shi a kan tef ɗin mu yi nadawa. Ragowar guntu bayan nadawa, da rashin daidaituwa, kuma ana iya cire su da injin nadawa. Menene fadin tsiri da muke yankewa4-5 cm sa’an nan kuma za a iya karyawa ta hanyar danna madaidaicin mai yankewa a ƙarƙashin yanki wanda ya fadi da kuma karya tsiri tare da matsi mai laushi. Za’a iya taimakawa fashewar gilashi mai kauri da simintin gyare-gyare ta hanyar bugawa, ta hanyar buga gilashin daga gefen kasa tare da layin yanke tare da ma’auni na mai yankewa da karya tare da mai mulki. Bayan yankewa da lankwasawa, sauran gefuna masu kaifi ya kamata a cire su a bangarorin biyu tare da rigar carborundum nika dutse.
Yanke bayanan sirri
Bugu da ƙari, yanke madaidaiciya, sau da yawa ya zama dole don yanke gilashi a cikin siffar bayanin martaba a cikin gidan. Ana buƙatar madauwari ko wasu siffofi masu lanƙwasa a wasu firam ɗin hoto, tagogi, ko don wasu gwaje-gwaje. Tare da kayan aikin yankan madauwari mai amfani za mu iya yanke sifofin madauwari na yau da kullum na kowane girma. Ana yin wannan ta amfani da samfuri.
Yanke da’ira
Ya kamata a fara tsaftace farantin gilashin daga ƙura tare da zane mai laushi kuma a shafa shi da man fetur tare da layin yankan, ko turpentine. Sa’an nan kuma sanya ƙafar kayan aikin yankan madauwari (kofin tsotsa na roba) a tsakiyar da’irar don yanke (fig.1).
SLIKA 1
Ya kamata a daidaita mai riƙe lu’u-lu’u zuwa girman da ake buƙata kuma a gyara shi tare da dunƙule. Hanyar yankan shine kamar haka: tare da hannu ɗaya, ɗauka da sauƙi danna kayan aiki don yankan madauwari, kuma tare da ɗayan hannun, ƙarshen lever - mai riƙe da lu’u-lu’u, sa’an nan kuma, motsi a cikin da’irar, yanke tare da matsa lamba mai laushi.
Idan muka gama yanke farantin gilashin, sanya shi a kan tebur kuma danna sashin da ya fadi da hannu ɗaya kuma sashin madauwari da ɗayan. Idan bayan wannan aikin ba a raba sashin madauwari ba, to, yankan taimako ya biyo baya, watau sashin da ke tsakanin gefen gilashin da layin yanke da’irar ya kamata a yanke. Bayan yankan karin, ya kamata ku ƙwace farantin tare da hannaye biyu kuma kuyi ɗan matsa lamba har sai bayanan madauwari “ya fadi”.
Za mu iya yin kayan aikin yankan madauwari da kanmu. Kuna buƙatar yanke sassa biyu na katako na katako1,5x1,5x6cm. ɓangarorin da ke kusa da waɗannan ɓangarorin ya kamata a matse su. Sai a makala kofin tsotsa na roba (leech) zuwa gefen lebur na yanki ɗaya tare da dunƙule itace, kuma a haɗa dunƙule itace a ƙarshen conical, wanda za a yanke kansa daga baya. Ya kamata a huda yanki na biyu ta hanyar ƙetarewa kusa da ƙarshen lebur, kuma a huda ramin zare guda ɗaya daidai da wannan buɗewar. Hakanan ya kamata a tono rami ɗaya a ɗayan ƙarshen conical, inda dunƙule wanda muka yanke kansa zai shiga. Ya kamata a shafa fuskar sassan guda biyu masu taɓawa a yashi santsi da mai don ba da damar kayan aikin ya juya cikin sauƙi.
A cikin katako na sama, a cikin budewa a kwance, ya kamata ka sanya lever - mai riƙe da lu’u-lu’u, kuma bayan daidaita shi zuwa girman da ake bukata, gyara lever ta cikin rami mai zaren tare da dunƙule tare da shugaban malam buɗe ido.
Don yankan curvilinear, ya kamata ku yi amfani da samfuri-lu’u-lu’u, amma guduma (juya) ya ɗan fi kunkuntar don ya fi dacewa da masu lankwasa. Ana iya yin yanke ta hanyoyi biyu.
Ana yin yankan ƙirar ta amfani da ainihin ƙirar ko yin tsari daga kwali ko itace. An sanya samfurin a kan gilashi kuma a yanka tare da lu’u-lu’u tare da gefen samfurin.
Hakanan za’a iya yankewa ta hanyar yanke samfurin, ko siffar, wanda aka zana a kan takarda da aka sanya a ƙarƙashin gilashi kuma a yanke tare da layin zane. Yana da aiki mafi wahala don cire sharar gida bayan yanke curvilinear. Ya kamata a buga mai yankewa tare da yanke layin da ke ƙasa da ɓangaren gilashin da zai kasance kuma gilashin zai karya. Idan ya fashe, karya shi da matsi mai laushi.
Ya kamata a yanke layuka masu lanƙwasa na manyan radius a cikin sassan. Ya kamata a fara yanke manyan ɓangarorin sharar gida, sa’an nan kuma sauran ya kamata a yi aiki a cikin ƙananan ƙananan, ta amfani da na’urar nadawa. Idan ya cancanta zamu iya amfani da yanke shawara anan kuma. Bayan yankan, gefuna na farantin gilashi ya kamata a yashi.
Gilazing taga
Wani matsakaicin aikin kyalli shine yankan gilashi. Gilashin tagogi da suka karye, muna farawa da cire ragowar gilashin. Muna cire tsohuwar, busassun putty daga tsagi tare da wuka mai laushi ko tsohuwar wuka da aka karye. Hakanan ya kamata a cire ƙusoshin triangular don gyara gilashin, kula da kada ku lalata itacen firam. Yakamata a dauko tarkacen gilashin nan da nan a ajiye. Da zarar mun sami kusoshi da kuma fitar da su, za mu iya tafiyar da wuka tare da tsagi sau da yawa don santsi duk wani rashin daidaituwa a cikin firam.
Sannan kuna buƙatar2-3 mauna tsawon da nisa na firam. Wannan wajibi ne saboda sau da yawa firam ɗin ya fi fadi a sama fiye da ƙasa. Gilashin ya kamata ya zama ƙasa da wannan ma’auni 2-3 mm. Lokacin yanke gilashin, ya kamata ku sanya jarida ko wani zane mai laushi akan tebur. Sanya gilashin a kan irin wannan tushe kuma a yanka tare da lu’u-lu’u a kan wuraren da aka yi alama tare da taimakon mai mulki. Gilashin da aka yanke ya kamata a ja shi zuwa gefen teburin, a buga tare da mai yankewa daga gefen kasa kuma don haka karya.
SLIKA 2
A cikin firam, a ƙarƙashin gilashin, ya kamata a fara sanya noodles na bakin ciki na putty. Sa’an nan kuma saka gilashin da aka yanke kuma a gyara shi da kusoshi triangular. Nails (fig.2) ana buga guduma mai kaifi. A ƙarshe, ana danna sabbin noodles ɗin a kan ƙarshen gilashin kuma ana karkata su da wuka mai ɗorewa. Ƙarfafa gilashin babban coci za a iya yanke shi da abin yankan ƙafafu. Bayan an yanke, gilashin da ke ƙarshen teburin yana janye kuma tare da matsa lamba mai karfi yana karya, kuma an yanke wayoyi da almakashi ko chisel. Yanke kowane irin gilashi yana da sauƙi idan muka shafa shi - kamar yadda muka ambata - da kananzir ko turpentine.
Idan bayan gyare-gyaren kuna tunanin sabbin kayan haɗin gwiwa, duba mu tagar katako, kofar al’ada ko aiko mana da bincike don tsarin da shawarwarin gilashi.