Magalasi amagwira ntchito
Kudziwa ntchito zamagalasi ndikofunikira makamaka ngati pali ana m’banjamo. Ngati nyumbayo ili ndi inshuwaransi, kuwonongeka kwa magalasi osweka kumazindikiridwa, zimakhala zovuta kudikirira - makamaka kukakhala kozizira - kukwaniritsa zofunikira ndikukonza. Galasi mwina safunikira kufotokozedwa, chifukwa pafupifupi aliyense wakhala ndi “mwayi” wothyola zenera. Dzina la galasi lazenera ndi galasi lathyathyathya ndipo limapangidwa mu makulidwe a 1,3; 1,5; 2; 3; 4; 5 ndi 7 mm. Magalasi akuda, osawoneka bwino komanso apangidwe amapangidwa kuchokera kugalasi lathyathyathya ndi kuphulika kwa mchenga, kapena kuyika, mofanana ndi galasi lathyathyathya.
Magalasi otayira ndi okhuthala: 5, 6, 7 ndi 9 mm; omwe ali ndi makulidwe a 4,5 mm, olembedwa 5 mm (magalasi a cathedral), ndi olimbikitsidwa 6 mm.
Msomali wamagalasi atatu ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chothandizira ntchito zamagalasi. Kukhuthala kwake kumayambira 0,3 mpaka 1,5 mm, ndi kutalika kwake kuchokera 6 mpaka 18 mm, molingana ndi makulidwe ndi makulidwe a gulu la galasi.
Aliyense mwina amadziwa galasi putty. Zimapangidwa ndi12% mafuta a masamba,88%choko ndi1%Ianolina.
Mitundu iwiri ya mipeni imagwiritsidwa ntchito podula galasi. Mpeni wokhala ndi diamondi (yachidule: diamondi), gawo lofunika kwambiri lomwe ndi diamondi yokha, ndi wodula ndi chitsulo chachitsulo. Masamba achilengedwe ndi aiwisi okha amatha kudula magalasi bwino. Zitsamba zong’ambika sizikhala ndi zotsatira zabwino, chifukwa zimapanga malo otsetsereka komanso mizere yodulira. (mkuyu X-7).
Kuti mugwire bwino diamondi yodula galasi, cholozera ndi chala chapakati cha dzanja lamanja chiyenera kuikidwa pa gawo lozungulira la chogwirira, chifukwa ndi njira iyi yokha yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Kalemba kakang’ono pa chogwiriracho nthawi zonse kuyenera kuyang’anizana ndi munthu wodulira (mkuyu. X-8).
Damondi yodula magalasi iyenera kukhala yoyera nthawi zonse ndipo katswiri yekha ndi amene ayenera kumasula. Mukamaliza kudula, iyenera kuikidwa mu bokosi lachikopa. Chisamaliro chiyenera kutengedwa kuonetsetsa kuti wodula yemweyo akugwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha ndipo nthawi zonse amakhala pamalo omwewo.
Chodulira chimango chachitsulo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kudula magalasi okhuthala, chifukwa kukhwinyata kwa galasili kungawononge kwambiri diamondi. Wodulayo amakhala ndi gudumu lodulira, m’mimba mwake 5 mm, lopangidwa ndi chitsulo cholimba (vidia=Wie Diamant) chomwe chili ndi kutsegula kwa 2 mm pakati. Tsamba locheka limachepetsedwa ku mawonekedwe oyenera, i.e. nthaka. Mukadula pamalo abwino kwa ndege ya galasi, gudumu limatembenuka kotero kuti zolakwika zing’onozing’ono za galasi zidumphire, zisatseke, koma kusiya mzere wodula. Chida ichi chiyenera kukanikiza kwambiri kuposa diamondi. Gudumu lodulira limapereka chingwe chokulirapo kuposa diamondi.
Pali bowo pakatikati pa kuzungulira ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonza kuzungulira ndi zomangira pa chogwirira. Kulemba manambala kumagwira ntchito kuti mawilo azitha kusinthidwa mosavuta ndi mawilo opuma, omwe ali 6 mu chida. Pepala lomverera liyenera kuyikidwa pansi pa screw screw. Ntchito ya coaster iyi; chomwe chimanyowetsedwa mu palafini, ndikuti podula, chimateteza mawilo kuti asatenthedwe ndi mafuta okhazikika.
Mipeni yodula magalasi
Mpeni woyeretsera Groove ndiye chida chodulira magalasi chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Tsamba lake ndi lalitali kuwirikiza kawiri kuposa chogwiririra, chomwe chimakhala chopangidwa ndi cylindrical kuti chigwire bwino. Tsambalo ndi lozungulira kapena lodulidwa, ndipo nsonga yake imakhala yakuthwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zitheke kuchotsa tsambalo m’mizere. Zomatira zolimba zimachotsedwa pomenya mpeni kumapeto kwa chogwiriracho ndi nyundo (Mkuyu X-9).
Chida chophwanyira chimapangidwa ndi matabwa a beech okhala ndi nthunzi yosalala opanda mfundo ndi ming’alu ndipo ndi chida chofunikira kwambiri podulira magalasi olimba (Mkuyu X-10.)
Kuphatikiza pa zida izi, mufunikanso: nyundo, pulasitala, magolovesi ndi mpeni (Mkuyu X-11)
Kudula
Magalasi ayenera kuikidwa patebulo lathyathyathya lophimbidwa ndi zinthu zofewa. Tiyenera kuigwira kumapeto komwe kuli pafupi ndi ife, kukokera kwa ife ndikuigwira pakati pamphepete, kuyiyika patebulo kapena kuichotsa patebulo. Pokonza bolodi, iyenera kugona pamtunda wonse, ndipo ikasungidwa, iyenera kukhala yoyimirira m’mphepete,
Muyezo wolondola uyenera kuchitidwa musanadulire. Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti mtunda pakati pa nsonga ya diamondi ndi wolamulira ndi pafupifupi 4 mm. Ndi bwino kuyeza kawiri kusiyana ndi kudula chidutswa ndi miyeso yolakwika. M’pofunikanso kulamulira squareness wa masamba. Malo omwe tidulira akuyenera kupukuta ndi kuwapaka - makamaka podula magalasi okhuthala - ndi petroleum kuti asungunuke ndikuchotsa zonyansa ndikupangitsa kudulako kukhala kosalala komanso kofanana. Podula, wodulayo ayenera kukanikizidwa pang’ono pa galasi ndikusuntha mofanana popanda kuyimitsa. Mbali yapakati pa tsamba la diamondi ndi galasi, podula, iyenera kukhala 5-6° pa nthawi yonse yodula. Siyenera kudulidwa mobwerezabwereza pamzere womwewo chifukwa diamondi idzawonongeka. Wodulayo ayenera kuchitidwa kotero kuti chala chaching’ono chikhale pagalasi, chifukwa izi zidzatsimikizira mbali yoyenera yodulira komanso ngakhale kuyenda. Ngati diamondi imadula bwino, ndiye kuti phokoso lofewa limamveka, diamondi “imayimba”. Ikangokanda, osati kudula, ndiye kuti phokoso lake ndi losasangalatsa.
Kuswa
Atadula galasi, bolodi imakhalabe gawo limodzi ndipo iyenera kuthyoledwa. Tiyenera kuthyola nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa mzerewo ukazizira, galasi limakhala lachikazi komanso lovuta kusweka.
Bolodi yomwe timadula motsatira nthawi yayitali iyenera kukokedwa m’mphepete mwa tebulo kupita ku mzere wodula ndikudulidwa ndi kutsika kofooka, koma mofulumira, pansi. Ndi njira yabwino pamene wolamulira kapena pedi ina imayikidwa pansi pa mzere wodula ndipo galasi imathyoledwa ndi kuphulika kwakukulu. Podula zingwe zopapatiza kwambiri, 2-3 cm, titha kuswa ndi chophwanyira chomwe chili pa chodula. Tiyeni tiyike pa tepi ndikupinda. Zidutswa zotsalira pambuyo popinda, komanso kusagwirizana, zingathenso kuchotsedwa ndi makina opinda. Ngati m’lifupi mwa mzere womwe tikudulawo ndi 4-5 cm, ndiye kuti kuthyolako kungathe kuchitidwa mwa kukanikiza chogwirira cha chodula pansi pa chidutswa chomwe chimagwa ndikuthyola chingwecho ndikukakamiza pang’ono. Kuphwanyidwa kwa galasi lakuda ndi kuponyedwa kungathandizidwe pogogoda, pogogoda galasi kuchokera pansi pambali pa mzere wodula ndi chogwirira cha wodula ndikuphwanya ndi wolamulira. Pambuyo kudula ndi kupindika, nsonga zakuthwa zotsalira ziyenera kuchotsedwa mbali zonse ndi mwala wonyowa wa carborundum.
Kudula mbiri
Kuphatikiza kudula mizere yowongoka, nthawi zambiri ndikofunikira kudula galasi ngati mawonekedwe anyumba. Mawonekedwe ozungulira kapena opindika nthawi zambiri amafunikira pamafelemu azithunzi, mazenera, kapena kuyesa kwina. Ndi chida chothandizira chodulira timatha kudula mawonekedwe ozungulira okhazikika amtundu uliwonse. Izi zimachitika pogwiritsa ntchito ma templates.
Kudula mozungulira
Mbale yagalasi iyenera kutsukidwa ndi fumbi kaye ndi nsalu yofewa ndikupaka mafuta a petroleum pamzere wodulira, kapena turpentine. Kenako ikani phazi la chida chodulira chozungulira (kapu yoyamwa labala) pakati pa bwalo kuti mudulidwe (mkuyu 1).
SLIKA 1
Ring’ono - chotengera diamondi chikuyenera kusinthidwa kuti chikhale chofunikira ndikukhazikika ndi screw. Njira yodulirayo ili motere: ndi dzanja limodzi, kanikizani pang’onopang’ono chida chodulira chozungulira, ndipo ndi dzanja lina, kumapeto kwa lever - chotengera cha diamondi, ndiyeno, kuyendayenda mozungulira, kudula ndi kupanikizika mofatsa.
Tikamaliza kudula, ikani mbale ya galasi patebulo ndikusindikiza gawo lomwe limagwa ndi dzanja limodzi ndi gawo lozungulira ndi linalo. Ngati pambuyo pa opaleshoniyi gawo lozungulira silinasiyanitsidwe, ndiye kuti kudula kothandizira kumatsatira, mwachitsanzo, gawo lapakati pamphepete mwa galasi ndi mzere wodulidwa wozungulira uyenera kudulidwa. Pambuyo pa kudula kothandizira, mbaleyo iyenera kugwidwa ndi manja onse awiri ndikuphwanyidwa pang’ono, mpaka mbiri yozungulira “ikugwa”.
Titha kupanga chida chodulira tokha. Muyenera kudula zidutswa ziwiri za matabwa olimba ndi miyeso 1,5 x 1,5 x 6cm. Mbali zoyandikana za zidutswazi ziyenera kudulidwa. Kapu yoyamwa mphira (leech) iyenera kumangirizidwa kumapeto kwachidutswa chimodzi ndi zomangira zamatabwa, ndipo phula lamatabwa liyenera kumangirizidwa kumapeto kwa conical, mutu wake uyenera kudulidwa pambuyo pake. Chidutswa chachiwiri chiyenera kubowoleredwa mopingasa pafupi ndi kumapeto kwa lathyathyathya, ndipo dzenje limodzi lokhala ndi ulusi liyenera kubowoleredwa motsatana ndi khomo ili. Bowo limodzi liyeneranso kubowoleredwa ku mbali ina ya conical, pomwe wononga mutu womwe tadula umalowa. Malo olumikizana a zidutswa ziwirizo apakidwe mchenga wosalala komanso wothira mafuta kuti chida chikhale chosavuta.
Pamtengo wakumtunda, potsegulira kopingasa, muyenera kuyika chotchingira - chotengera diamondi, ndipo mutatha kusintha miyeso yofunikira, konzani chiwongolerocho kudzera pabowo lokhala ndi ulusi, ndi mutu wagulugufe.
Podula curvilinear, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito template-diamondi, koma nyundo (chotembenuza) ndi yopapatiza pang’ono kuti igwirizane bwino ndi mapindikidwe. Kudula kutha kuchitika m’njira ziwiri.
Kucheka kwachitsanzo kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito pateni yoyambirira kapena kupanga template kuchokera pa makatoni kapena bolodi lamatabwa. Template imayikidwa pagalasi ndikudulidwa ndi diamondi m’mphepete mwa template.
Kudula kungathenso kudulidwa podula chitsanzo, kapena mawonekedwe, omwe amajambula pa pepala lomwe limayikidwa pansi pa galasi ndikudula ndi mzere wa zojambulazo. Ndi ntchito yovuta kwambiri kuchotsa zinyalala pambuyo kudula curvilinear. Wodulayo ayenera kudulidwa pamzere wodulidwa pansi pa gawo la galasi lomwe liyenera kukhala ndipo galasi lidzasweka. Ikathyoka, ithyoleni mokoma mtima.
Mizere yokhotakhota ya radiyo yayikulu iyenera kudulidwa mzigawo. Zinyalala zazikuluzikulu ziyenera kudulidwa poyamba, ndiyeno zotsalazo zikhale tizidutswa tating’ono, pogwiritsa ntchito makina opinda. Ngati pangafunike tikhozanso kugwiritsa ntchito madulidwe ena apa. Pambuyo kudula, m’mphepete mwa mbale ya galasi iyenera kupangidwa ndi mchenga.
Window glazing
Kuwala kwapakati ndi kudula magalasi. Kuwala mazenera osweka, timayamba ndi kuchotsa zotsalira za galasi. Timachotsa putty wakale, wowuma pamiyendo ndi mpeni wa putty kapena mpeni wakale wosweka. Misomali ya triangular yokonza galasi iyeneranso kuchotsedwa, kusamala kuti isawononge nkhuni za chimango. Zinyalala zamagalasi ziyenera kutengedwa nthawi yomweyo ndikuzichotsa. Tikachotsa misomali ndi putty, titha kuthamangitsa mpeni m’mphepete mwa grooves kangapo kuti tikonze kusagwirizana kulikonse mu chimango.
Ndiye muyenera kutero2-3 mmuyese utali ndi m’lifupi mwa chimango. Izi ndizofunikira chifukwa nthawi zambiri chimango chimakhala chokulirapo pamwamba kuposa pansi. Galasiyo iyenera kukhala yaying’ono kuposa muyeso uwu 2-3 mm. Podula galasi, muyenera kuika nyuzipepala kapena nsalu yofewa patebulo. Ikani galasi pamtunda wotere ndikudula ndi diamondi m’malo olembedwa mothandizidwa ndi wolamulira. Galasi lodulidwa liyenera kukokedwa m’mphepete mwa tebulo, ndikumangirira ndi wodula kuchokera pansi ndipo motero kusweka.
SLIKA 2
Mu chimango, pansi pa galasi, Zakudyazi zopyapyala za putty ziyenera kuyikidwa poyamba. Kenaka ikani galasi lodulidwa ndikulikonza ndi misomali ya katatu. Misomali (mkuyu.2) amakhomeredwa ndi nyundo yokhala ndi nsonga zakuthwa. Pomaliza, Zakudyazi zatsopano zimakanikizidwa kumapeto kwa galasilo ndikuphwathiridwa ndi mpeni wa putty. Magalasi a tchalitchi cholimbikitsidwa amatha kudulidwa ndi chodulira magudumu. Mukadula, kukoka galasi kumapeto kwa tebulo ndikuliphwanya ndi mphamvu yamphamvu, ndikudula mawaya ndi lumo kapena chisel. Kudula galasi lamtundu uliwonse ndikosavuta ngati tayipaka - monga tanenera kale - ndi palafini kapena turpentine.
Ngati mutatha kukonza mukuganizabe za malo atsopano, yang’anani athu mazenera amatabwa, khomo lamwambo kapena titumizireni funso la dongosolo ndi malingaliro a galasi.