Glasi rinoshanda
Zivo yekushanda kwegirazi inonyanya kukosha kana mumhuri mune vana. Kana imba yacho ine inishuwarenzi, kukuvadzwa kubva kugirazi rakaputsika kunozivikanwa, zvinongonetsa kumirira - kunyanya kana kuchitonhora - kupedzisa zvimiro uye kuita kugadzirisa. Girazi pamwe haridi kutsanangurwa, nekuti anenge munhu wese anga aine “rombo” rekupwanya hwindo. Zita regirazi repahwindo igirazi rakati sandara uye rakagadzirwa mukukora kwe 1,3; 1,5; 2; 3; 4; 5 uye 7 mm. Magirazi akasviba, akajeka uye ane patani anogadzirwa kubva kugirazi rakati sandara nejecha rinoputika, kana etching, mumiyero yakafanana kune girazi rakatsetseka.
Magirazi ekukanda akakora: 5, 6, 7 uye 9 mm; avo vane mapatani vane ukobvu hwe 4,5 mm, wakanyorwa 5 mm (cathedral glass), uye wakasimbiswa 6 mm.
Triangular girazi chipikiri chinhu chakakosha chekubatsira zvinhu zvegirazi mabasa. Ukobvu hwayo hunotangira pa 0,3 kusvika 1,5 mm, uye kureba kwayo kubva 6 kusvika 18 mm, zvichienzanirana nekukora uye kuyerwa kwepanera regirazi.
Munhu wose angangodaro anoziva girazi putty. Zvinosanganisira12% linseed mafuta,88%choko uye1%Ianolina.
Mhando mbiri dzemapanga dzinoshandiswa kucheka girazi. Banga rine dhaimondi (pfupi: diamond), iyo inonyanya kukosha iyo iyo diamond pachayo, uye mucheki ane simbi yesimbi. Mashizha echisikigo chete uye mbishi anogona kucheka girazi zvakanaka. Mashizha akasakara haana mhedzisiro yakanaka, sezvo achigadzira nzvimbo dzakakombama, dzisingaperi dzekucheka uye mitsetse. (mufananidzo X-7)
Kunyatsobata girazi rekucheka dhaimondi, indekisi uye chigunwe chepakati cheruoko rwerudyi chinofanira kuiswa pachikamu chakakomberedzwa chemubato, nekuti chete nenzira iyi inogona kushandiswa kumanikidza kwakakodzera. Mucherechedzo mudiki pamubato unofanira kugara wakatarisana nemunhu anenge achicheka (fig. X-8).
Daimani rinocheka girazi rinofanirwa kugara rakachena uye nyanzvi chete ndiro rinofanirwa kuribvisa. Mushure mekupedza kucheka, inofanira kuiswa mukesi yematehwe. Kuchengetedza kunofanira kutorwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti mucheki mumwechete anoshandiswa chete uye anogara ari munzvimbo imwechete.
Iyo simbi yekuchekwa yesimbi inonyanya kushandiswa kucheka gobvu rakakanda girazi, sezvo kushata kwegirazi iri kunokuvadza zvakanyanya dhaimondi. Iyo inocheka ine vhiri rekucheka, dhayamita 5 mm, yakagadzirwa nesimbi yakaoma (vidia=Wie Diamant) ine kuvhura kwe 2 mm pakati. Mucheka wekucheka unoderedzwa kusvika kune chimiro chakakodzera, i.e. pasi. Paunenge uchicheka munzvimbo yakajairika kune ndege yegirazi, vhiri rinotenderera kuitira kuti zvidiki zvisina kunaka zvegirazi sokutaura svetuka pamusoro, usabatike, asi siya mutsara unoenderera wekucheka. Ichi chishandiso chinofanira kudzvanya zvakanyanya kupfuura dhaimondi. Vhiri rekucheka rinopa mutsetse wakapamhama kupfuura dhaimondi.
Pane buri repakati pedenderedzwa uye rinoshandiswa kugadzirisa denderedzwa ne screw pamubato. Nhamba yekumaka inoshumira kuitira kuti mavhiri anogona nyore kutsiviwa nemavhiri akasara, ayo ari 6 muchishandiso. Pedhi rinonzwa rinofanira kuiswa pasi pesimba rekumanikidza. Basa remushonga uyu; iyo yakanyudzwa muparafini, ndeyokuti panguva yekucheka, inodzivirira mavhiri kubva pakupisa nekuzora nguva dzose.
Magirazi ekucheka girazi
Groove banga rekuchenesa ndiro rinonyanya kushandiswa girazi rekucheka chishandiso. Bazi rayo rinenge rakapetwa kaviri pakufara semubato, iro rakaumbwa necylindrical kuti ribate zviri nani. Iyo blade yakakomberedzwa kana kuchekwa, uye muromo wayo wakarodzwa, izvo zvinoita kuti zvibvirire kubvisa blade kubva mumigero. Zvinamira zvakaoma zvinobviswa nekurova banga kumucheto kwemubato nesando (Fig. X-9).
Chishandiso chekupwanya chinogadzirwa nemuti webeech wakapfungaira une nzvimbo yakatsetseka isina mafundo uye makatsemuka uye chinhu chakakosha pakucheka girazi rakasimbiswa (Fig. X-10.)
Pamusoro pezvishandiso izvi, unoda zvakare: nyundo, pliers, magirovhosi nebanga (Fig. X-11)
Kucheka
Ini yegirazi inofanirwa kuiswa patafura yakati sandara yakavharwa nezvimwe zvinyoro. Tinofanira kuibata pamagumo ari pedyo nesu, kuikwevera kwatiri uye nekuibata pakati pemicheto, kuiisa patafura kana kuibvisa patafura. Paunenge uchigadzira bhodhi, inofanira kurara pamusoro pese, uye kana yachengetwa, inofanira kunge iri panzvimbo yakamira ichizorora pamucheto,
Kuyera chaiko kunofanirwa kuitwa usati wacheka. Isu tinofanirawo kufunga kuti chinhambwe chiri pakati pemuromo wedhaimani nemutongi chinenge 4 mm. Zviri nani kuyera kaviri pane kucheka chidimbu nechiyero chisina kururama. Izvo zvinodiwawo kudzora kuenzana kwemapeji. Nzvimbo yatichacheka inofanira kunge yambopukuta nekuzorwa - kunyanya pakucheka girazi gobvu - nepetroleum yekunyungudutsa nekubvisa tsvina uye kuita kuti kucheka kutsvedze uye kuenzana. Paunenge uchicheka, mucheki anofanira kungomanikidzirwa zvishoma pagirazi uye kufamba zvakafanana pasina kumira. Iko kona pakati pedhaimondi blade negirazi, pakucheka, inofanira kuva 5-6° yenguva yose yekucheka. Haifanirwe kuchekwa kakawanda pamutsetse mumwechete nekuti dhaimondi richaparara. Mucheki anofanira kubatwa nenzira yakadai kuti munwe muduku ugare pagirazi, sezvo izvi zvichava nechokwadi chekucheka kwakakodzera kwekona pamwe chete nekufamba. Kana dhaimondi ikacheka zvakanaka, ipapo inzwi rakapfava rinonzwika, diamond “inoimba”. Kana ichingokwenya, kwete kucheka, ipapo ruzha harunakidze.
Kutyora
Mushure mekucheka girazi, bhodhi rinoramba riri muchidimbu uye rinoda kuputswa. Tinofanira kuityora nekukasika, nekuti kana mutsetse wacho ukatonhora, girazi rinobva raita lacy uye rakaoma kutyora.
Ibhodhi yatinocheka munzira yakareba inofanira kudhonzwa kumucheto kwetafura kune mutsara wekucheka uye yakaputsika nekushaya simba, asi nekukurumidza, pasi. Iyo inzira yakanaka apo mutongi kana imwe padhi yakaiswa pasi pemutsara wekucheka uye girazi rinoputsika nekuputika kwakapinza. Paunenge uchicheka mitsetse yakamanikana, 2-3 cm, tinogona kuita kutyora nebreaker iri pane cutter. Ngatiiise patepi uye tiite kupeta. Zvimedu zvakasara mushure mekupeta, pamwe nekusaenzana, zvinogonawo kubviswa nemuchina wekupeta. Kana hupamhi hwemutsara watiri kucheka huri 4-5 cm, ipapo kuputsika kunogona kuitwa nekutsikirira mubato wekucheka pasi pechidimbu chinowira uye kuputsa mutsara nekudzvinyirira zvishoma. Kuputsika kwegirazi rakakora uye rakakandwa rinogona kubatsirwa nekurova, nekurova girazi kubva pasi pasi pamwe nemutsara wekucheka nemubato wekucheka uye kuputsa nemutongi. Mushure mekucheka nekukotama, iyo yakasara inopinza micheto inofanirwa kubviswa kubva kumativi ese neinonyorova carborundum dombo rekukuya.
Kucheka chimiro
Pamusoro pekucheka mutsara wakatwasuka, zvinowanzodikanwa kucheka girazi muchimiro chechimiro mumba. Denderedzwa kana mamwe ma curvilinear maumbirwo anowanzo kudiwa mune mamwe mafoto mafuremu, mahwindo, kana kune zvimwe zviedzo. Nechishandiso chine denderedzwa chekucheka chishandiso tinogona kucheka akajairika denderedzwa maumbirwo echero dimension. Izvi zvinoitwa pachishandiswa matemplate.
Circular cutting
Ndiro yegirazi inofanira kutanga yacheneswa guruva nejira rakapfava uye kuzorwa nepetroleum pamwe chete nemutsetse wekucheka, kana turpentine. Woisa tsoka yechishandiso chedenderedzwa chekucheka (rubber suction cup) pakati pedenderedzwa kuti richekwe (fig. 1).
SLIKA 1
Iyo mhete - chibatiso chedhaimani chinofanirwa kugadziridzwa kusvika pachiyero chinodiwa uye chinogadziriswa ne screw. Nzira yekucheka ndeyotevera: neruoko rumwe, zvinyoronyoro shandisa chigadziro chekucheka kwedenderedzwa, uye nerumwe rutivi, kuguma kwechitsiko - mubati wedhaimondi, uye ipapo, uchifamba-famba denderedzwa, cheka nekudzvinyirira zvinyoro.
Kana tapedza kucheka, isa ndiro yegirazi patafura uye dzvanya chikamu chinodonha neruoko rumwe uye chikamu chedenderedzwa neimwe. Kana mushure mekushanda uku chikamu chedenderedzwa chisina kuparadzaniswa, ipapo kucheka kwekubatsira kunotevera, i.e. chikamu chiri pakati pemucheto wegirazi uye mutsara wekucheka denderedzwa inofanira kutemwa. Mushure mekucheka kwekubatsira, ndiro yacho inofanira kubatwa nemaoko maviri uye zvishoma nezvishoma, kusvikira purogiramu yakatenderera “inowira kunze”.
Tinokwanisa kugadzira mudziyo wekucheka denderedzwa isu pachedu. Unoda kucheka zvidimbu zviviri zvehuni yakaoma zvine zviyero 1,5 x 1,5 x 6cm. Mativi ari pedyo ezvimedu izvi anofanira kutepwa. Kapu yekusveta rubber (leech) inofanira kusungirirwa kumucheto wakatsetseka wechidimbu chimwe nehuni yehuni, uye ganda rehuni rinofanira kusungirirwa kumucheto weconical, musoro wacho unofanira kutemwa gare gare. Chidimbu chechipiri chinofanirwa kudhirwa chakachinjika padhuze nekwakafuratira, uye gomba rimwe rine shinda rinofanirwa kudhirwa perpendicular kuvhura iyi. Gomba rimwe chete rinofanirwa kuboorwa kune rimwe magumo econical, apo pachapinda screw iyo musoro watakagura. Nzvimbo dzekusangana dzezvimedu zviviri izvi dzinofanirwa kuiswa jecha dzakatsetseka uye kuzorwa mafuta kuitira kuti chishandiso chitendeuke zviri nyore.
Padenga rehuni, paburi rakachinjika, unofanirwa kuisa chibatiso - chibatiso chedhaimondi, uye mushure mekugadzirisa kune zviyero zvinodiwa, gadzirisa lever kuburikidza neburi rakarukwa nescrew, nemusoro weshavishavi.
Kucheka curvilinear, iwe unofanirwa kushandisa template-dhaimondi, asi nyundo (turner) yakatetepa zvishoma kuti igadzirise zvirinani kuma curves. Kucheka kunogona kuitwa nenzira mbiri.
Pattern yekucheka kunoitwa nekushandisa yepakutanga kana kugadzira template kubva pakadhibhodhi kana bhodhi remapuranga. Iyo template inoiswa pagirazi uye yakachekwa nedhaimondi pamucheto we template.
Kucheka kunogonawo kuitwa nekucheka muenzaniso, kana chimiro, chakadhirowewa pabepa rinoiswa pasi pegirazi uye rakachekwa nemutsara wekudhirowa. Iri ibasa rakaoma zvakanyanya kubvisa tsvina mushure mekucheka curvilinear. Mucheki anofanira kubatwa pamwe chete nemutsetse wakachekwa pazasi pechikamu chegirazi chinosara uye girazi richatsemuka. Kana yatyoka, ipwanye nekutsikirira zvinyoronyoro.
Mitsetse yakakomberedzwa yeradii yakakura inofanira kutemwa muzvikamu. Zvimedu zvakakura zvemarara zvinofanira kutemwa kutanga, uye zvasara zvinofanira kushandiswa kuita zvidimbu zviduku, uchishandisa muchina wekupeta. Kana zvichidikanwa tinokwanisa kushandisa mamwe macheke pano zvakare. Mushure mekucheka, micheto yegirazi ndiro inofanira kuiswa jecha.
Window glazing
Iyo yepakati glazing mashandiro ndeyekucheka girazi. Kupenya mahwindo akaputsika, tinotanga nekubvisa zvakasara zvegirazi. Isu tinobvisa yakare, yakaomeswa putty kubva mumagrooves nebanga rekuisa kana banga rekare rakaputsika. Zvipikiri zvetatu zvekugadzirisa girazi zvinofanirawo kubviswa, kuchenjerera kuti usakuvadza huni hwehuni. Marara egirazi anofanira kutorwa nekukasira. Patinobvisa zvipikiri uye putty, tinogona kumhanya banga pamwe chete nema grooves kakawanda kugadzirisa chero kusaenzana mufuremu.
Ipapo unofanira2-3 muyera kureba nehupamhi hwepuranga. Izvi zvinodikanwa nekuti kazhinji furemu yacho yakakura kumusoro pane iri pasi. Girazi rinofanira kuva diki pane chiyero ichi 2-3 mm. Paunenge uchicheka girazi, unofanira kuisa pepanhau kana imwe jira rakapfava patafura. Isa girazi pachigadziko chakadaro uye ucheke nedhaimondi munzvimbo dzakatarwa nerubatsiro rwemutongi. Girazi rakachekwa rinofanira kukweverwa kumucheto kwetafura, rakaputirwa nemucheki kubva pasi pasi uye nokudaro rakaputsika.
SLIKA 2
Mune furemu, pasi pegirazi, yakaonda putty noodles inofanira kutanga kuiswa. Zvadaro isa girazi rakachekwa uye uigadzirise nezvipikiri zve triangular. Zvipikiri (fig.2) vanopinzwa nesando ine micheto inopinza. Chekupedzisira, maputty noodles matsva anotsikirirwa kumapeto egirazi uye akapepetwa nebanga rekuisa. Reinforced cathedral glass can only cut with a wheel cutter. Mushure mekucheka, dhonza girazi kumagumo etafura uye uiputse nechisimba chakasimba, uye cheka waya nechigero kana chisel. Kucheka chero rudzi rwegirazi kuri nyore kana tikazora - sezvatakambotaura - neparafini kana turpentine.
Kana mushure mekugadzirisa iwe uchiri kufunga nezve nyowani yekubatanidza, tarisa yedu mahwindo emapuranga, gonhi retsika kana titumire kubvunza kune system uye girazi kurudziro