Otu osisi nwere veins, ogwe osisi, alaka na akwụkwọ_. Ogwe ahụ na-anọchite anya nnukwu osisi na ọgwụ50-90 %cubature ya; veins na alaka mejupụtara10-50 %uka osisi.

Akụkụ ndị bụ isi nke osisi ahụ

E nwere akụkụ ndị a bụ isi na osisi: obi, pith, cambium na ogbugbo. ogbugbo bụ akụkụ mpụta nke osisi ahụ, nke dị nnọọ iche na obi. N’etiti ogbugbo na pith enwere mgbanaka dị gịrịgịrị, nke anya na-adịghị ahụ anya nke a na-akpọ cambium. Selụ nke cambium, site na nkewa, kwa afọ na-ekewa mkpụrụ ndụ obi n’ime ogwe osisi, na mkpụrụ ndụ ogbugbo n’èzí nke osisi ahụ. Ebe cambium na-enye ọtụtụ mkpụrụ ndụ obi karịa mkpụrụ ndụ ogbugbo, enwere ọtụtụ obi karịa ogbugbo.

Obi bụ akụkụ kacha baa uru nke osisi; ọ dị n’etiti obi na ogbugbo. Obi dị n’etiti osisi ahụ. Ọ mejupụtara anụ ahụ dị nro, nke nwere porous, nke nwere ihe eji arụ ọrụ adịghị ike. Mgbe enwere obi na mbadamba, laths ma ọ bụ osisi, mgbe ahụ ihe a na-agbaji ka oge na-aga. Ya mere, maka ọtụtụ ihe ndị ọzọ dị mkpa, a naghị anabata ọnụnọ nke obi na ihe onwunwe.

Osisi atọ bụ isi

Enwere ike nweta ihe nnọchianya ziri ezi nke osisi mgbe a na-ahụ ya na ngalaba atọ: transverse, radial and tangential.

Transverse section bụ nke a na-eduga na axis nke osisi, radial section na-aga n’akụkụ osisi, na-agafe n’obi, na tangential bụ nke na-aga n’akụkụ osisi n’èzí obi (fig. 1).

Ibe osisi atọ: tangential, radial na transverse

Fig.1. Ibe osisi atọ bụ isi:1- tangential;2- radial;3- ntụgharị.

Afọ, mmalite na mbubreyo osisi

N’akụkụ obe nke osisi, ị nwere ike ịhụ okirikiri, nke na-abawanye site na etiti ruo na mpụta, nke a na-akpọkwa mgbanaka kwa afọ (afọ). Mgbanaka ọ bụla kwa afọ na-enwe oyi akwa ime na mpụta. A na-akpọ oyi akwa dị n’ime thearly wood, na oyi akwa mpụta late wood. A na-emepụta osisi mbụ na mmiri, na mbubreyo - n’oge okpomọkụ. N’oge mbụ osisi bụ porous, ọ mejupụtara oghere anụ ahụ, mmiri na-agafe na ya na etisasịwo ịnweta bekee, nke dị mkpa maka nri nke osisi. Osisi n’oge nwere sel nwere mgbidi nwere nnukwu ihe na-ebu ihe eji arụ ọrụ.

Isi ụzarị na transverse, radial na tangential ngalaba nke osisi

*Fig.2. Ụzarị isi na akụkụ transverse, radial na tangential:1- ogbugbo;2- agwa;3- afọ;4- obi;5na6— sara mbara medullary ụzarị.

Na ngalaba radial, a na-ahụ akwa akwa kwa afọ n’ụdị ahịrị ogologo ogologo ogologo, na mpaghara tangential - n’ụdị ahịrị gbagọrọ agbagọ.

Core ụzarị

Na akụkụ transverse, radial na tangential, na mgbakwunye na ọkwa kwa afọ, ị nwekwara ike ịhụ core rays (Fig.2). Na mpaghara obe, ha nwere ụdị nke warara warara, na mpaghara tangential - ahịrị gbara ọchịchịrị na njedebe dị warara. A na-eji ụzarị isi eduzi mmiri na ikuku site na ogwe osisi ahụ n’ụzọ ntụgharị, yana ịchekwa nri. Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ụzarị isi na ụdị osisi dị iche iche dị iche iche ma dị ihe ruru3000na1 cm2, na spruce143000. N’ime ụdị conifers, ụzarị isi na-anọ3-10 %, na osisi nwere akwukwo9-36%site na olu nke oke osisi.

Core ụzarị mejupụtara sel, nke nwere ala n’ibu ike, n’ihi na nke ha na-amụba nkewa nke osisi.

Isi ntụpọ na nkewa nke ụdị osisi

N’ụdị osisi ụfọdụ, dịka ọmụmaatụ. Enwere ike ịhụ ntụpọ ọcha ma ọ bụ aja aja n’ofe akụkụ nke alder, birch, yew, chub, na hornbeam. A na-ebute ntụpọ ndị a site na ụmụ ahụhụ ma ọ bụ ntu oyi na-emebi cambium, a na-akpọkwa ya _core spots. Isi ntụpọ ndị a na-ebelata ike arụ ọrụ nke osisi. Enwere ike kewaa ụdị osisi niile ụzọ anọ:

  1. Ụdị dị nsọ_ (oak, ukpa, acacia ọcha, pine, cedar, larch, wdg);
  2. Species na tozuru okè heartwood (beech, Linden, spruce, fir, nkịtị Siberia na Caucasian fir, wdg);
  3. Species na isi na tozuru okè heartwood (larịị ash, elm, wdg);
  4. Ụdị dị ukwuu_ (birch, aspen, oji na ọcha alder, hornbeam, maple, ọhịa chestnut, maple, wdg).

isi, sapwood na taịlị

N’ụdị softwood, a na-akpọ akụkụ etiti agba ọchịchịrị gbara ọchịchịrị core, na akụkụ nke dị ọkụ ka a na-akpọ stem. N’ihe banyere ụdị osisi na osisi obi tozuru okè, akụkụ etiti nke akụkụ ahụ bụ nke mmiri dị ala karịa akụkụ dị n’akụkụ. N’ime osisi na-eto eto, sapwood na-eduzi mmiri ma na-akpakọba nri. N’ime ụdị osisi ụfọdụ, enwere ike ịhụ sapwood okpukpu abụọ na mpaghara obe. Nke a abụghị ihe ọ bụla ma ọ bụghị mmalite nke ire ere osisi nke fungi pụrụ iche na-ebibi osisi kpatara.

The n’ibu ike nke sapwood adịghị iche na isi, ma ọ bụ adịghị ike na-eguzogide rotting. Site na uto nke osisi ahụ, sapwood na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-abanye n’ime nkụ. N’ime usoro mgbanwe a, n’ime arịa nke ụdị akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, na trachea nke conifers, a na-emepụta ihe pụrụ iche, nke a na-akpọ tiles, na oghere na envelopu nke mkpụrụ ndụ jupụtara na cellular na ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe.

Taịlị na-ejupụta ihe dị n’ime obi, na-eme ka ọ ghara ịdị na-erute mmiri. Ya mere, a na-eji srcica eme gbọmgbọm, tankị osisi, wdg N’otu oge ahụ, obi nke nwere taịl nile na-esiri ike ịmịnye ya na antiseptik. Nke a na-emetụtakwa osisi beech, nke nwere isi ụgha, nke e mepụtara n’ihi na osisi ahụ na-ebute ọrịa fungi na-ebibi ya n’oge ọ na-eto.

Ka ịga n’ihu n’isiokwu ahụ, lee akụkọ ndị dị na mmiri osisi na ịkpọ nkụ osisi eke. Ọ bụrụ na ị na-eme atụmatụ ijikọ ọhụrụ, lelee windo osisi omenala ma ọ bụ nyefee arịrịọ maka ntinye okwu